營造法式 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yíngzàofǎshì]
營造法式 英文
yingzao fashi
  • 營 : Ⅰ動詞1 （謀求） seek 2 （經營; 管理） operate; run; manage Ⅱ名詞1 （軍隊駐扎的地方） camp; barrac...
  • 造 : Ⅰ動詞1 （做; 製作） make; build; create; produce 2 （假編） cook up; fabricate; concoct 3 [書面語...
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 式 : 名詞1 （樣式） type; style 2 （格式） pattern; form 3 （儀式; 典禮） ceremony; ritual 4 （自然科...
  • 營造 : construct; build
  • 法式 : 1. （標準的格式） rule; method; model: 《營造法式》 rules of architecture2. （法國式的） french
  1. 2 symbol, partial tone, trope etc are often used in designing pattern. in essence, the pattern can gain a luckiness atmosphere, express peoples " desire to pursuit the happiness and health. the mongolian pattern is unique of the model, composition in drawing, color

    2在創作思路上，常用象徵、諧音、借代、組合的方法創作圖案;圖案的實質是以營造吉兆環境為目的，以此寄託祈福求吉心愿的實用裝飾設計;圖案的造型，構圖方式，色彩的運用和表現技法獨具特色。
  2. Ways have been put up to deal with the situation mentioned above in a big way : devoting much attention to the reading and accumulating in primary school, arousing the interest of the students in reading, lay stress on developing the habit of reading ; showing the students the reading method and technique ; creating student - centered reading teaching ; training their perceptivity and thinking ; giving elective courses, making a good job of reading after class ; guiding them to bring the advantage of regional culture into full play, reading more after class ; changing the idea of reading of the whole society to form a good atmosphere

    環境因素：家庭閱讀條件差，學校和社會的閱讀環境不良。針對上述現狀，筆者提出了相應的培養學生閱讀能力的對策：重視小學階段的閱讀積累；激發學生的閱讀興趣，注重閱讀習慣的養成；教給學生閱讀的方法和技巧；創設主體性閱讀教學模式；培養學生的感悟能力和思維能力；開設閱讀選修課，加強課外閱讀指導；發揮地域文化優勢，開展課外閱讀活動；轉變全社會的閱讀觀念，營造良好的閱讀氛圍。
  3. Based on extensive investigation of construction technique history of chinese ancient buildings, the structure method, structure developing history and seismic behavior of chinese ancient timber structure buildings are analyzed in several respects of the structural system and form. through a series of experiments on constituent parts of chinese ancient timber building structure, including the tests on the corbels and brackets called dougong subjected to low cyclic reversed loadings, the tests on the wooden frame using the tenon - mortise joints as connections of column and beam subjected to low cyclic reversed loadings, the tests on vibration isolation effect of friction and slippage between column footing and their socle base, and a series of shaking table tests on a chinese ancient timber structure palace building mode under artificial earthquake at serving conditions, destroyed conditions and reinforced conditions, many valuable results of structures such as moment - curvature hysteretic loops of dougong structure and tenon - mortise joints under low cyckc reversed loadings, the static function, the seismic performance, energy dissipation, vibration reduction, energy - loss mechanism, nechanicalmode and failure mode were studied. aplenty of valuable parameters of the structure system were obtained, such as the natural period of structure, vibration modes, damping ratio, factor of vibration isolation, oscillate amplitude of ineitial accebration, velocity and displacement, magnitude of slippage, and the mechanism of structure failure and collapse etc. based on these research, the complete analysis of ancient timber structure under earthquake were carried out in which including mechanism analysis method, calculating mode, strength analysis of members and joints, strengthening methods for serving damaged ancient timber structure buildings were also taken into account

    依照宋代《營造法式》建造了抬梁式殿堂木結構構件及結構模型，對中國古代木結構中的典型構造如：柱腳在礎石頂面平擱簡支、柱架榫卯連接、柱高不越間之廣、側腳、生起、斗拱等的構造機理及結構功能進行了量化分析和實驗研究： （一）通過木柱石礎靜摩擦試驗，測定了柱腳與石礎古鏡面間的摩擦系數及摩擦力隨上部結構荷載變化的規律； （二）通過單柱承載力試驗，測定了古建築中木柱的受力變形特徵、破壞模式、及模型材料的變形模量、極限承載力、極限變形等參量； （三）通過柱架低周反復荷載試驗，測定了柱架的抗側移剛度、柱架恢復力特性及滯回曲線、榫卯張角剛度及其變化規律、柱架及榫卯的極限承載力和極限變形、及榫卯減振參數； （四）通過斗?低周反復荷載試驗和受壓試驗，測定了古建築木構件與木構件間摩擦系數，斗?抗側移剛度，斗?恢復力特性及滯回曲線，斗?抗壓極限承載力及受力變形規律； （五）通過抬梁式殿堂間架模型振動臺試驗，測定了殿堂木構架結構自振周期，地震反應振形、阻尼特性及阻尼比；按結構分層特點對柱腳、柱頭和斗?層上的屋蓋的地震反應採用多點同步測量，對柱根滑移、榫卯變形、斗?的變形、復位、耗能減振參數等進行了定量分析。
  4. It deals with our country ' s situation, the present of the old aged population, the measure to carry the old aged political socialization. it considers that is the economic base to safeguard the old people ' s lawful interests, to solve their living difficulties, the community is the principal way to advance the old aged political socialization ; relaying the community to arouse the masses to help respect and love the old people is the social base, to strengthen the management to ensure the funds throwing is the key question, to train old aged personnel is the main assortment, to arouse the enthusiasm of the masses and the old people is the good measure, to promote the socialization must be helped by the public opinion, the first to built the community management system to help the old people with their life, the second is to organize the community ' s cultural and physical activities, the third is to help the old people to resist the feudalism

    認為：維護老齡人口的合法權益，解決他們生活中的實際問題，是促進老齡人口政治社會化的經濟基礎；社區是促進老齡人口政治社會化的主要通道和平臺；依託社區，發動城市居民參加志願者助老服務隊伍，營造尊老敬老氛圍，是促進老齡人口政治社會化的社會基礎；加大監管力度，確保資金投入的效果，是促進老齡人口政治社會化的關鍵環節；開展系統的專業培訓，提高老齡工作隊伍素質，是促進老齡人口政治社會化的重要保證；調動社會各方力量以及老年人自身的積極性，廣泛參與和支持，是促進城市老齡人口政治社會化的重要措施；促進老齡人口政治社會化，要加大輿論的引導和支持；促進老齡人口政治社會化的切入點一是建立社區老年思想政治工作機制，把思想政治工作滲透到社區管理、社區服務、治安聯防、老年學校、鄰里互助、解決老年人生活困難等多種形式的活動中去。
  5. In order to promote social associations in different residents and accelerate the conformity in edge communities, this thesis discusses mutual actions between the physical factors and the non - physical factors and their external expression through positive analysis. at the aid of behavior - environment analysis and questionnaire investigation, the thesis analyzes the promoting and restricted effects that neighborhood environment act on social mutual associations in different kinds of residents, and researches the objective needs and subjective expectations of neighborhood circumstance. and at last, tactics and measures of constructing neighborhood circumstance are brought forward in order to give full play to neighborhood functions and accelerate conformity in edge communities

    本文以促進不同居民之間社會互動、增強邊緣社區整合作為研究目的，在實證調查分析的基礎上，研究邊緣社區鄰里環境的非物質內涵和物質內涵的相互作用及其外現形式；用環境?行為分析和問卷調查的方法，分析鄰里環境對不同具名互動行為的激發和限製作用，以及研究邊緣社區鄰里內不同居民互動行為的客觀需求以及對鄰里環境的主觀期望；在促進邊緣社區整合，發揮鄰里功能的目標指導下，提出營造策略和措施。
  6. Co., ltd., ningxia hengli coal product company, shandong langfang steel wire co., ltd., ningxia hengli ecological deer scientific and technical zone, shandong hengli hushan machinery science and technology co., ltd., ningxia hengli automobile transportation company, shizuishan hebin building management company and zhongsheng steel wire rope industry shanghai co., ltd., and is one big share holder of north west security co., ltd. as well

    經營范圍涵蓋了線材製品建築房地產煤加工，機械製造物資流通等行業產業領域。形成了一個以產權為紐帶以母子公司運行機制為特徵，具有多個法人企業，以跨地區跨行業多元化經營為模式的大型企業集團。
  7. New types of procurement strategies such as the design and build contract ; programme and cost control methods ; payment methods such as the milestone payment against the traditional re - measurement ones ; dispute resolution techniques ; and insurance arrangements such as the owner - controlled insurance programme, etc. were introduced ; ( ii ) design philosophy - the design and construction of long span cable - supported bridges were unprecedented in hong kong before the acp

    本港建造業在采購策略（例如設計及營造合約） 、施工計劃及成本控制方法、付款方式（例如按工程進度付款而不沿用傳統的按量數付款方式） 、調解糾紛機制，以及保險安排（例如僱主控制保險計劃）等方面，都引入了新模式；
  8. The paintings described foundation circumstances which mostly demonstrated the clear feng shui pattern ; in each kind of foundation circumstances, the architectures base construction pattern, complied with the nature. the management system in courtyard circumstances and indoor circumstances were already mature, and its factors were quite complete. by using the technique of seeing small from big view, the paintings built pot which contained the wide world

    所描繪的建築基址環境大多顯示出清晰的風水格局;而在各種基址環境中，建築的布局、立基又通過各種營構模式，順應自然，因形就勢，值景而造，庭園環境和室內環境的經營體系已經成熟，經營要素相當完備，運用以大觀小的手法，營造出萬物皆備的壺中天地;加之建築本體虛敞、開放的形態特徵，善於借納自然風景，使整個建築及其環境達到了物我一體的深邃意境。
  9. The discussion of cultural construction mode in baibuting community is developed as following : the first part presents author ' s motivation in carrying out the research, defining some concepts and introducing a few common modes of cultural construction in urban communities. the second part is a detailed description of fundamental ideas and content, advocating the notion of " human oriented, moral centered, law abiding, trying to creating a modern community with the capacity of sustainable development ", introducing its unique homestead culture. the third part sets forth the innovation of community culture construction modes in baibuting community : in order to create a, human - oriented community culture, establish a peaceful and content environment for the socialism ideology, the baibuting community made innovation on community management system ; by the analysis of the occupational statistics and object groups, the author found out that most of residents come from the middle class ; then, the author gives the definition of middle class and its general features in a sociological perspective ; finally, the thesis analyses the characteristics of the community residents " pursuit of culture and the harmonious development of community culture in aspects like value system, consumption habits, cultural needs

    本文通過理論學習，對百步亭花園社區文化建設的模式進行了探索研究，在現狀調查過程中，筆者發現百步亭的社區文化建設之所以成功，除了開發商和物業管理中心的組織建設外，還有小區居民的積極參與合作，三者密不可分，而這又與居民所屬的階層文化訴求密切相關，於是，本文就百步亭社區文化建設模式作了論述，思路如下：文章的第一部分：提出本文研究的緣起，並對一些與本文有關的概念作了界定，還介紹了幾種城市社區文化建設的一般模式；文章的第二部分：介紹百步亭花園社區文化建設模式的基本思想和內容，提出了「以人為本、以德為魂、以法為行，努力創造可持續發展的現代文明社區」的口號，並介紹了其獨具特色的家園文化；文章的第三部分：對百步亭社區文化建設模式的創新作了論述：百步亭社區為了營造以人為本的社區文化，構建社區安居樂業工程，為社會主義思想道德體系提供良好的社會文化環境，在社區管理體制上作了創新；還通過對百步亭社區居民的職業統計，來源群體，分析出其從屬的社會階層主要是社會的中間階層；再次，從社會學角度，定義了中間階層及一般特徵；最後從價值觀、認同感，消費觀念、文化需求等方面，分析了其文化訴求的特徵和與社區文化的協調發展；文章的第四部分：從整合功能和導向功能兩方面總結了百步亭社區文化建設的社會效應；並對百步亭社區文化建設模式的不足提出了意見和建議。
  10. In order to create a fair, reasonable and legal environment to bring traditional tax theories into the e - commerce, the writer further puts forward some suggestion to strengthen the taxability of e - commerce transactions. for the purpose of fair competition, he expects all forms of commerce shall under the same roof of taxation in the future

    最後筆者更提出一些其他輔助對策，嘗試營造更多公平、合理及合法的條件將電子商務納入傳統稅網中，期望不久將來不同形式的商貿都能享有相同的稅務待遇，締造一個公平競爭的營商環境。
  11. On the basis of above analysis and rational, integral, objective and feasible principles, also with the combination with operation pattern theory, a novel operation pattern surrounding corresponding advantages is established by using fuzzy synthetic judging approach, which bases on safe operation pattern and considers related - diversification and strategic alliance operation pattern as the main body. it is a synthetic pattern that gradually brings on the electronic business management and green operational pattern all together according to this executive suggestion, which is about breeding core competitive force, adjustment of enterprise organization, consolidation of human resource management, construction of enterprise culture, development of original ability and so on

    論文在上述分析基礎上結合經營模式理論，基於理性、整體性、客觀性和可行性原則，運用模糊綜合評判法確立了公司新的經營模式? ?圍繞現有的相對優勢，以安全經營模式為基礎，相關性多元化和戰略聯盟經營模式為主體，同時逐步發展電子商務和綠色經營模式的一種綜合性模式；並就該模式的實施提出了培育核心競爭力、調整組織結構、加強人力資源管理、營造企業文化、培養創新能力等建議，擬定了綜合性經營模式的實施步驟。
  12. The paintings of song dynasty not only testified the mature technology which was summarized by “ ying - tsao fa - shih ” in architectures operated by government, but reflected more comprehensive and richer than latter

    宋畫不僅對《營造法式》中總結的應用在官營建築中的各種成熟技術多有印證，而且在很多方面比後者的記載更為豐富多樣。
  13. This article aims at discussing the montage thought in terms of the structure, law of development of the movie development and the product in the product design, thus enriching and developing product design language, and creating the building buddhist ritual procedures which has more esthetics value

    就電影發展與產品設計自身的結構、發展規律的一些共性，可以探討產品設計中的蒙太奇思維，從而讓其更好地豐富和發展產品設計語言，創造出更具美學價值的營造法式。
  14. At first, this paper takes an introduction of qingmingshanghetu, then reviews the city and commercial background of the painting, finally, catches the high authenticity of qingmingshanghetu through the comparison of the historical dates, such as the literature of dong jing meng hualu and yingzhaofashi

    該交首先介紹了《清明上河圖》的概要，在考察了此圖的城市背景及商業背景的基礎上，通過與歷史資料， 《東京夢華錄》和《營造法式》等文獻的對照，論證了此圖高度的資料性。
  15. In addition some beneficial things should be done in building better study environment, training teachers to change ideas, designing study activities in practice and using flexibly every kind of study method, etc. conbining the meaning and characteristics of research study, the thesis analyzes the theoretical foundation of the research study, and constructs several research study modes whick is widely suitable for use in research study contents which can be proceeded in geography, meanwhile, dialectically analyzes deviation that can be easily found in research study process, puts forward the measures that guarantees that research study can be smoothly carried out, provides the theoretical and practical basis of research study for numerous high school geography teachers who do research study

    此外還應該在營造有利的學習環境、培訓教師轉變觀念、從實際出發設計學習活動以及靈活運用各種學習方法等方面多做一些有益的工作。本文結合研究性學習的含義、特徵，分析了研究性學習的理論基礎，並且在地理學科可進行的研究性學習內容中，構建了幾種普遍適用的研究性學習模式，同時對研究性學習過程中易出現的偏差進行了辯證的分析，提出保證順利開展研究性學習實施的措施，為方便廣大中學地理教師開展研究性學習提供了理論與實踐依據。
  16. Investigations into chengdu hf storage & transport corporation had also been undertaken. moreover, the dissertation is of particular interest in its design on the model of shareholding reformation. the shareholding of chengdu hf storage & transport corporation was divided into four parts : state - owned legal persons stock, social legal persons stock, employee collective stock and employee personal stock

    在股份制改造模式設計上，與其他大多數集體經濟企業股權設置單一、集體經濟性質不變的改制模式最大區別在於，本文將成都hf儲運有限責任公司的股權設置為:國有法人股、社會法人股（主管、主辦單位集體股） 、職工集體股和職工個人股四部分，從而形成公有制和私有制混合的股份制經濟組織形式，使改制企業成為產權明晰、自主經營的多元投資市場主體，同時也更有利於企業充分利用集體經濟和國有經濟等多方優勢，加快發展。
  17. On the basis of the overall strategy of “ becoming one of the world top 500 companies ”, set by the headquarters of china united telecommunications corporations ltd. ( china unicom ), and urged by the new economic and market conditions, china unicom ( jilin ) implemented bpr in its operation, maintenance, and service ( oms ) system. with the continuous evolution of the bpr theory, bpr, tested by practice, has gradually shifted its focus from overall reengineering to optimization and improvement of business enterprises, reaching a more rational and more comprehensive stage with an increased operability and success rate. using “ the methodology of systematic redesign ”, a study on business process reengineering in the operation, maintenance and service system in china unicom ( jilin ) makes an analysis on the present process and, based on the present process, systematically creates a new process for oms system in china unicom ( jilin )

    本文以目前企業界非常關注的熱點:業務流程再造（ businessprocessreengineering ，簡稱bpr ）在電信運營企業的運用為課題進行深入研究，在分析大型電信運營商運維體系所面臨的挑戰、運維理念變更的重要性和運維組織管理需要改革調整的必要性基礎上，分析研究吉林聯通運維服務體系管理流程的模式以及所存在的弊端，運用業務流程再造（ bpr ）理論對吉林聯通運維體研究，文中以bpr理論中的『系統化改造法』為指導思想， 『業務流程再造7階段模型』為理論模型對吉林聯通運維服務管理體系進行流程再造，整合網路管理、資源管理、作業調度系統之間的關系。
  18. Great concern should have been put upon this aspect by many urban planners and architects. this article is aimed at urban residence community and makes an overall analysis of the systematic structure and space of urban residence community from the perspective of urban sociology, behavioral psychology and urban planning and urban planning administration. it also discusses the method of space construction and recommends a more reasonable and feasible approach to the design and development of urban residence community in real projects

    本論文以城市居住社區為研究對象，從城市社會學、行為心理學以及城市設計、城市規劃管理等多學科的角度出發，對城市社區的系統結構及空間進行綜合的分析，並研究探討空間營造的方法，為在工程實踐中對城市居住社區的設計及開發管理方法提供一種更加合理、更加可行的模式。
  19. For the long development of the futures market, supporting a new lucid, legal and valid investment outlet is as much important as regulating the underground private pools. therefore, the preferential way is to develop the public managed futures. this text commenced from the managed futures, through the market function and organization system of the managed futures in usa, designed the development way of managed futures in china

    針對現有的地下私募期貨投資基金，為了我國資本市場的長遠發展和保障投資者的根本利益，需要採用疏堵結合的方式，在規范其運作、發揮其私募優勢的同時，更需要建立一個通暢、合法、有效的投資渠道，即在我國設立公募期貨投資基金，滿足廣大投資者的投資需求，營造一個健康有序的資本市場環境。
  20. Combine to point out the " change the education the principle ", " teaching means modernization ", the " construct the new and modern teaching mode ", " the research study " for the now four kinds of reformations of teachings of geography foundations raise the, especially right how the " construct the scenario, and adjust the classroom mental state the atmosphere ", how the " set up the new and modern teaching mode ", how the " set up the scenario to inspire the deliberation creative mode, bring upped to in a specific way into practice the wayed, and write outed the demonstrate of teaching planed the next in order bring up change that " high school geography the teacher is a foundation geography the course reform to successfully guarantee ", combine to point out the " to thought the idea to renew ", " knowledge the construction renew ", the " as soon as possible increase to teach the ability " is a teacher to should have three aspect change and embodied the operation

    並指出「轉變教育理念」 、 「教學手段現代化」 、 「構造新型現代化教學模式」 、 「研究性學習」為當今地理基礎教學四種改革舉措，特別是對如何「營造情境，調適課堂心理氣氛」 ，如何「構建新型現代化教學模式」 ，如何「構建情境啟發? ?思索創新模式，提出了具體的實施辦法，並寫出了示範教案其次提出「中學地理教師的轉變是地理基礎課程改革成功的保證」 ，並指出「思想觀念更新」 、 「知識結構更新」 ， 「盡快提高施教能力」是教師馬上應有的三方面轉變且指出了具體行動方法。
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