特種通信機關 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhǒngtōngxìnguān]
特種通信機關 英文
agency of special
  • : Ⅰ形容詞(特殊; 超出一般) particular; special; exceptional; unusual Ⅱ副詞1 (特別) especially; v...
  • : 種名詞(姓氏) a surname
  • : 通量詞(用於動作)
  • : machineengine
  • : Ⅰ動詞1 (使開著的物體合攏) close; shut 2 (圈起來) shut in; lock up 3 (倒閉; 歇業) close down...
  • 特種 : special type; particular kind特種編碼 specific coding; 特種兵 special soldier; special troop; 特...
  • 通信 : communication; communicate by letter; correspond
  • 機關 : 1 (機械的關鍵部分) mechanism; gear 2 (用機械控制的) machine operated 3 (辦理事務的部門) off...
  1. Part one : this part introduces the summarization of the abs ( asset - backed securities ), which includes the conception, the basic theory, the features, the categories, the basic running process, and the circumstance of the research and development, etc. part two : the main contents of this part are the necessity and the analysis for the feasibility of the financing of securities depending on the charges of expressways, including the analysis for the feasibility of the financing of securities on the basis of the expressways " charges, the option between the two operation models, and the analysis for the feasibility of the operation of indigenization, etc. part three : this part mainly demonstrates how to design the plan of a company for the financing of securities and indigenization, which consists of the introduction of a company ' s background and the main problems to be confronted, the features of the basic assets and the analysis of the cash currency, the selection of spy, the design of trading structure, the product design of securities, etc. part four : this part discusses the financial evaluation about a company ' s design of the financing of securities and indigenization on the basis of the expressways " charges, the analysis of the risks and the analysis in general

    本文的創新之處在於: ( 1 )過對我國《託法》 、 《公司法》等相法律、法規的深入研究,提出在國內現行制度框架和市場環境下,以託方式設立設目的構的基本思路,並構架了類附擔保公司債託型和託簽發企業銷售型兩較為滿意的本土化交易結構方案,具有一定的理論創新性; ( 2 )將資產證券化這一金融創新工具應用到高速公路融資領域,論證了高速公路利用收費證券化融資的必要性和可行性,並提出了一個可供借鑒的操作性方案。本文可能的不足是在證券化產品設計方面由於筆者知識水平的欠缺,深感作得不是很深入,需進一步的完善和細化;另外對各交易結構模式的設計和分析只是一理論上的探討,到底是否有效和可行需接受實踐的進一步檢驗。論文分為四個部份:第一部份,資產證券化概述,包括資產證券化的概念、基本理論、點、基本形式、基本運作流程、國內外研究和發展現狀等。
  2. In this paper, taking one of the special processes - chromic acids anodizing for example, such administration methods as the key points control and the quality performance administration system for surface treatment process have been setup by process analysis and key points seeking. as for the complicacy of the quality control on metallurgical special processes and the huge statistic data, the quality information system of surface treatment have been established on the bases of computer database. this paper brings out the systematic evaluation way to setup reception test items by taking the reception test results as evaluation basis and sampling statistics as rules

    本文以鉻酸陽極氧化表面處理工藝為研究對象,過工藝技術分析、尋找性、建立對性的控制等工作,研究建立了表面處理工藝動態質量管理系統;針對冶金工藝質量控制的復雜性及統計數據量大等點,建立了以計算數據庫管理為基礎的表面處理息及處理系統;為解決冶金工藝原材料入廠復驗任務重的困難,建立了以原材料入廠復驗的試驗結果為評價基礎,以抽樣統計方法為依據的原材料入廠復驗項目優選系統等。
  3. The characteristics are : the automatic testing part adopts single service position testing configuration developed internationally, which has simple configuration, flexible creditability ; the control of switching value and analog quantity collection adopts creditable plc, which takes ipc - 610 industrial control computer as epigyny computer and communicates with plc through rs - 232 interface for treating kinds of data and measuring online

    點是自動檢測部分採用國際首創的單工位檢測構,結構簡單,靈活可靠,開量的控制性能,模擬量的採集,採用可靠性的plc可編程式控制制器,由ipc - 610工業控制計算擔任上位過rs - 232介面與plc訊,對各號進行處理,並進行在線實時監控。
  4. The content of this paper is arranged as foll owing : chapter 1 introduces the concept of credit, credit risk and credit assessment, as well as the history and development of credit assessment ; chapter 2 introduces the history of ai technology, and the background of expert system and neural network. characters and disadvantages of expert system and neural network are presented respectively and the necessity of combining expert system and neural network is lightened ; chapter 3 shows the process of dealing with sample data, including the treatment of exceptional data and factor analysis, and puts forward the concrete framework of the mixed - expert credit assessment system ; chapter 4 introduces concept of object - oriented technology, and constructs object model and functional model after analyzing the whole system. it also illustrates the implementation of concrete classes by an example of rule class and the inference algorithm in the form of pseudocode ; chapter 5 introduces the structure of the whole system, the major functional models and their interfaces, and the characteristic of the system is also generalized ; chapter 6 summarizes the whole work, and points out the remaining deficiencies as well as the prospective of this method

    本文具體內容安排如下:第一章介紹了用、用風險、用評價的概念,回顧了用評價的歷史、發展和現狀,並綜合各用評價模型,指出這些模型各自的優缺點:第二章簡單描述了人工智慧技術,著重介紹有專家系統與神經網路的基礎知識,過總結它們的優缺點,指出結合專家系統與神經網路構造混合型專家系統的必要性;本章還介紹了神經網路子模塊的概念,提出了混合型專家系統的一般框架與設計步驟:第三章對樣本數據進行處理,包括異常數據的剔除、因子分析等,提出了用評價混合型專家系統的具體框架結構,介紹了系統知識庫的主要部分、基於優先級的正向推理制的流程、以及基於事實的自動解釋制的具體實現方法;第四章介紹了面向對象技術,進而採用面向對象對用評價系統進行分析,建立了對象模型和功能模型,並在此基礎上,採用c + +語言以規則類為例說明系統中具體類的實現,用偽代碼的形式描述了推理的演算法;第五章描述了整個系統的結構,對系統主要功能模塊和界面進行了介紹,並總結系統的點;第六章總結了全文,指出本文所構造系統存在的不足以及對將來的展望。
  5. The content of each part follow as : in the first chapter, as start point and base of the paper, this part focuses on the basic study of definition characteristic of no, and the existing base of no - e - commerce environment ; in the second one, this part studies the theory base of no comprehensively applying the theories of core competence competent strategy and transaction cost ; chapter three studies the no from the coordination of no, and gives the structure clarification and characteristic of no firstly, at the same time, put forward the concept of virtual enterprise cluster ; based on such conclusion, studies the model of no from life cyc organization level process and value chain, and operational mode ; in chapter four, a theoretical explanation was addressed on the above structure by modeling no with game theory and graphic theory ; in the fifth chapter, on the bases of analysis of no operational risks, coordination mechanism of no was studied by individually modeling the no without core and no with core, and then put forward the solution for coordination mechanism of no ; as an important component of coordination mechanism of no, chapter six explored some basic concept of trust and importantly put forward the way of how to build trust in no, especially investigated the supporting function of valid reputation mechanism of no for the trust building, importantly an operational method on building reputation mechanism and evaluation method in no were given ; the last chapter applied the conclusion of the paper to investigate the famous trade web - sunbu. com analyzed its shortcoming and gave the advices of developing

    全文共分為七章,主要內容如下:第一章作為全文的理論出發點和基礎,圍繞網路組織的定義、徵以及網路組織生存基礎- -電子商務環境等方面對網路組織的基本概念進行了闡述;第二章綜合運用核心能力、競爭戰略和交易費用理論對網路組織產生的理論基礎進行闡述;第三章首先從組織協調的角度對網路組織進行了研究,給出了網路組織的結構,分類和徵,同時並給出了虛擬企業群簇;然後在此基礎上分別研究了網路組織的生命周期模型、層次模型、過程模型、價值鏈模型,以及運行模式;第四章綜合運用博弈論、圖論的相知識,過構建網路組織的模型,對上一章所研究的網路組織結構的形成理給出了一理論解釋;第五章在分析網路組織運行風險的基礎上,分別建立無盟主網路組織的博弈論模型和有盟主網路組織的博弈論模型,詳細研究了網路組織的協調制,然後給出了網路組織協調制的解決方案;第六章作為網路組織協調制的重要組成部分,本章在討論了網路組織中建立制的必要性的基礎上,研究了網路組織系的類型,提出了在網路組織中如何建立制。
  6. In view of this, think in person : in the teaching on chemistry in high school, to students " body and mind developing stage, individual character, type, using relevant attribution theory, through appropriate, systematic training on attribution, adjusting and optimizing attributive mode can make student realize what is good or bad influence towards their study and understand that the key to determine the achievement of the study is how hard they work, carry on rational, favorable attribution, learn to adjust themselves, improve self - consciousness, can evaluate oneself, face one ' s own shortcoming, learn oneself how to regulate, maintain the psychological health state, remain enough self - confidence, strengthen will quality, so that the students can face various kinds of difficulty that they meet during the course of learning, excite latent energy to overcome the difficulty and surmount oneself constantly

    基於此,本人認為:在高中化學教學工作中,針對學生的身心發展階段、個性點、歸因類型,運用相的動歸因理論,過恰當的、系統的歸因訓練,調整、優化學生的歸因模式,可使學生對影響學業成就優劣的因素有正確的認識,明確努力程度才是決定學業成就高低的鍵,進行合理、有利的歸因,形成對后繼學習有利的內部、外部動,提高自我意識,能較全面地評價自己,正視自己的缺點,學會自我調節,維護心理健康狀態,始終保持足夠的自心,增強意志品質,從而能夠正視學習中遇到的各困難,並激發起戰勝困難、不斷超越自己的潛能。
  7. Erp has the following characteristics : enlarging the range of management ; meeting the needs of varied productive enterprises ; adopting latest achievements of computer and net telecommunications technology ; relating to business process reengineering ( hereinafter referred to as " bpr " )

    Erp具有以下點:擴展了管理范圍;滿足同時具有多生產類型企業的需要;採用計算和網路技術的最新成就;同企業業務流程重組密切相
  8. This thesis takes the process of the futures delivery as the object of the research, analyzes and investigates the physical delivery system. firstly the thesis introduces the connotation, status and functions of the futures delivery in the futures market, and then makes a deep research in the futures delivery systems concerned such as the designing of the grade of the listed commodity at par as well as the premium and discount, the selection of the delivery locations and the regulation on the designated delivery warehouses, as well as the management and circulation of the warehouse receipts. on the basis of the above - mentioned analysis, this paper makes some constructive suggestions and recommendations on the improvement and innovation of the futures delivery to be taken by the chinese futures market at the present stage

    本文首先闡明了期貨交割在期貨市場中的經濟內涵、樞紐地位和功能保障作用;然後,從合約設計出發,用均衡原理揭示了期貨交割制度與品活躍和風險控制的有系;進而,對比中外交割制度,過比較,認清了中外現貨基礎、誠和法制等環境因素的差距,明白了「拿來」的內容和如何構建中國色的交割制度;從而,就小麥國家標準的歷史局限性,標準和替代交割品級及其升貼水的設計原則,交割標準把握的出發點和落腳點,交割倉庫設置和管理的目標和狀況,標準倉單沾滯的根源等期貨市場交割制度及相規定,進行了深入而細致的剖析。
  9. This article briefly introduces the export credit and the background of export credit agency ( eca ). meanwhile, with the introduction to and the compare with the main world egas, the writer try to explore the future development of china ' s ega on the basis of the status quo. since the establishment of the first ega in british ( the export credit guarantee department, ecgd ), in 1919, many countries has set up their egas, including developed countries and developing countries

    出口用( exportcredit )一般是指由一國政府支持的出口構( eca )過出口貸、出口用保險和出口貸擔保等方式,為進出口交易的有各方提供融資便利,降低交易方的收匯風險和融資成本,達到促進本國產品和服務出口、促進海外投資以及本國和其他國家的經濟合作的一殊的融資方式。
  10. Abstract : plant responses to salt stress via a complex mechanism, including sensing and transducing the stress signal, activating the transcription factors and the corresponding metabolizing genes. since the whole mechanism is still unclear, this review emphasize the biochemical events during the plant adaptation to salt stress referring to an index of importance : the homeostasis in cytoplasm, the biosynthesis of osmolytes and the transport of water. most of these biochemical events were elucidated by study of halophyte and salt - sensitive mutations, also many important genes involved were cloned and used to generate stress - tolerance phenotypes in transgenic plants. on the other hand, about the molecular mechanism in signal transduction, the research of arabidopsis mutations and yeast functional complementation provided helpful traces but not full pathway

    摘要植物對鹽脅迫的耐受反應是個復雜的過程,在分子水平上它包括對外界鹽號的感應和傳遞,異轉錄因子的激活和下游控制生理生化應答的效應基因的表達.在生化應答中,本文著重討論負責維持和重建離子平衡的膜轉運蛋白、滲調劑的生物合成和功能及水分控制.這些生理生化應答最終使得液泡中離子濃度升高和滲調劑在胞質中積累.近年來,過對各鹽生植物或鹽敏感突變株的研究,闡明了許多鹽應答的離子轉運途徑、水道和物異的滲調劑代謝途徑,克隆了其相基因並能在轉基因淡水植物中產生耐鹽表型;另一方面,在擬南芥突變體及利用酵母鹽敏感突變株功能互補篩選得到一些編碼號傳遞蛋白的基因,這些都有助於闡明植物鹽脅迫應答的分子制。
  11. Through study of correlative contents of advanced computer cybernetics, artificial intelligence, the domain knowledge and special crop growth mechanism in greenhouse, we present the system of multi - sensor data fusion ( msdf ) based on radial basis function network ( rbf ) to implement on line detection for nutrient - liquid, which may realize multiple components detection on - line, for example no3 -, cl -, ca2 +, ph, ec, nh4 +, k + and so on. the soft sensor ' s mechanism is introduced to overcome the limitations of sensor ' s manufacturing process. to improve the believe - degree of soft sensor ' s result, we analyze soft sensor ' s result by uncertain inferential capacity and combination rule of evidential theory

    本論文過對計算技術、控制理論、人工智慧技術和設施農業領域知識等相理論的研究,結合對定溫室蔬菜生長的研究與理分析,提出了一基於rbf神經網路的營養液多傳感器數據融合( msdf )系統,實現對營養液組分: no _ 3 ~ - 、 cl ~ - 、 ca ~ ( 2 + ) 、 ph 、 ec 、 nh _ 4 ~ +和k ~ +的在線檢測;對于由於目前傳感器製造工藝的限制而不能在線檢測的離子成分如磷酸根和硫酸根,提出了一基於徑向基函數網路的軟測量制,可以有效地實現對營養液中磷酸根和硫酸根成分的實時檢測;為了提高軟測量結果的可度,利用d - s證據理論的不確定推理能力和合成公式,結合領域知識對軟測量結果進行可度分析。
  12. Abstract : a new method, collaborative allocation ( ca ), is proposed to solve the large - scale optimum allocation problem in aircraft conceptual design. according to the characteristics of optimum allocation in aircraft conceptual design. the principle and mathematical model of ca are established. the optimum allocation problem is decomposed into one main optimization problem and several sub - optimization problems. a group of design requirements for subsystems are provided by the main system respectively, and the subsystems execute their own optimizations or further provide the detailed design requirements to the bottom components of aircraft, such as spars, ribs and skins, etc. the subsystems minimize the discrepancy between their own local variables and the corresponding allocated values, and then return the optimization results to main optimization. the main optimization is performed to reallocate the design requirements for improving the integration performance and progressing toward the compatibilities among subsystems. ca provides the general optimum allocation architecture and is easy to be carried out. furthermore, the concurrent computation can also be realized. two examples of optimum reliability allocation are used to describe the implementation procedure of ca for two - level allocation and three - level allocation respectively, and to validate preliminarily its correctness and effectiveness. it is shown that the developed method can be successfully used in optimum allocation of design requirements. then taking weight requirement allocation as example, the mathematical model and solution procedure for collaborative allocation of design requirements in aircraft conceptual design are briefly depicted

    文摘:探討了一新的設計指標最優分配方法- -協同分配法,用於處理飛頂層設計中的大規模設計指標最優分配問題.分析了飛頂層設計中的設計指標最優分配徵,據此給出了協同法的原理並建立了數學模型.協同法按設計指標分配系將最優分配問題分解為主系統優化和子系統優化,主優化對子系統設計指標進行最優分配,子優化以最小化分配設計指標值與期望設計指標值之間的差異為目標,進行子系統最優設計,或對底層元件(如飛翼梁、翼肋和翼盒等)進行設計指標最優分配,並把最優解息反饋給主優化.主優化過子優化最優解息構成的一致性約束協調分配量,提高系統整體性能,並重新給出分配方案.主系統與子系統反復協調,直到得到設計指標最優分配方案.兩層可靠度指標分配算例初步驗證了本文方法的正確性與可行性,三層可靠度指標分配算例證明了本文方法的有效性.最後,以重量指標分配為例,簡要敘述了針對飛頂層設計中設計指標協同分配的數學模型和求解思路
  13. A new method, collaborative allocation ( ca ), is proposed to solve the large - scale optimum allocation problem in aircraft conceptual design. according to the characteristics of optimum allocation in aircraft conceptual design. the principle and mathematical model of ca are established. the optimum allocation problem is decomposed into one main optimization problem and several sub - optimization problems. a group of design requirements for subsystems are provided by the main system respectively, and the subsystems execute their own optimizations or further provide the detailed design requirements to the bottom components of aircraft, such as spars, ribs and skins, etc. the subsystems minimize the discrepancy between their own local variables and the corresponding allocated values, and then return the optimization results to main optimization. the main optimization is performed to reallocate the design requirements for improving the integration performance and progressing toward the compatibilities among subsystems. ca provides the general optimum allocation architecture and is easy to be carried out. furthermore, the concurrent computation can also be realized. two examples of optimum reliability allocation are used to describe the implementation procedure of ca for two - level allocation and three - level allocation respectively, and to validate preliminarily its correctness and effectiveness. it is shown that the developed method can be successfully used in optimum allocation of design requirements. then taking weight requirement allocation as example, the mathematical model and solution procedure for collaborative allocation of design requirements in aircraft conceptual design are briefly depicted

    探討了一新的設計指標最優分配方法- -協同分配法,用於處理飛頂層設計中的大規模設計指標最優分配問題.分析了飛頂層設計中的設計指標最優分配徵,據此給出了協同法的原理並建立了數學模型.協同法按設計指標分配系將最優分配問題分解為主系統優化和子系統優化,主優化對子系統設計指標進行最優分配,子優化以最小化分配設計指標值與期望設計指標值之間的差異為目標,進行子系統最優設計,或對底層元件(如飛翼梁、翼肋和翼盒等)進行設計指標最優分配,並把最優解息反饋給主優化.主優化過子優化最優解息構成的一致性約束協調分配量,提高系統整體性能,並重新給出分配方案.主系統與子系統反復協調,直到得到設計指標最優分配方案.兩層可靠度指標分配算例初步驗證了本文方法的正確性與可行性,三層可靠度指標分配算例證明了本文方法的有效性.最後,以重量指標分配為例,簡要敘述了針對飛頂層設計中設計指標協同分配的數學模型和求解思路
  14. A virtual enterprise is a kind of dynamic alliance that consists of independent enterprise connected through information intrastructure and aims at a certain market opportunity it will be the dominant type of enterprise in the 22 century, the brand new management ideas, advanced mangement methods and technology with which it brings will be very helpful to the improvement of competitive ability of manufacturing industry of china at present, very little study has ever been made on the management aspect of a virtual enterprise, so the paper will emphasize on the coordination and the setup and optimization of corresponding mechanisms

    虛擬企業是多個獨立企業針對某一市場遇,息技術相互聯結而形成的一動態性聯盟。虛擬企業將是二十一世紀企業的主流模式,它所帶來的全新的經營理念、先進的管理方法及技術也將代表未來的發展方向,對提高我國工業別是製造業的競爭力具有重要的啟示與借鑒作用目前,有虛擬企業的運作管理研究還很缺乏。
  15. ( 2 ) the three numeric methods, including formula method, histogram method and feature vector method, of calcucation invariant probability distribution for chaotic map is derived, and their characteristics are discussed each other, these results of the computer simulation are in agreement with those of theoretic analysis. ( 3 ) the principles and methods of chaotic communication are reviewed and commented systematically. first, several main chaotic synchronization methods are discussed, then the methods and ways of chaotic communication are explored, including analogue chaotic communication, digital chaotic communication and direct chaotic communication. this is the article basis, and it startes from follow - up case study

    所做的工作總結如下: ( 1 )綜述了混沌現象及其理論的相問題並對碼分多址系統的擴頻地址編碼與混沌序列、混沌同步與系統保密性等問題作了討論; ( 2 )研究了計算混沌映射不變分佈的三數值方法,即:公式法、直方圖法以及徵向量法,並比較了各自的優缺點,計算模擬結果與理論分析結果相符。
  16. In the general model there are many factors effecting the algorithm of task matching and scheduling, such as data dependencies among tasks, processor ' s processing speed, topology of network connectivity, communication protocol and bandwidth, volume of transferring data, etc. in each model, we proposed two genetic algorithms for task matching and scheduling, one is for single decomposed task, the other as a cga is for multiple independent tasks

    一般模型中任務分配與調度受到系統多因素的影響,如任務間的數據邏輯系、各處理的計算速度、網路拓撲結構、節點間制以及率、數據流量大小等等。在考慮上述影響因素的基礎上,分別提出單任務分配與調度的遺傳演算法和獨立多任務分配與調度的共同進化演算法。
  17. Various data compression techniques are studied and summarized in this paper, including the traditional and the newly developed techniques, then analyses the features of pipeline leak signals, such as the mechanism of production, entropy and correlation coefficient, are analyzed, and finally a universal and low - complex lossless compression algorithm is proposed and implemented in the pipeline leak detection and location system

    本文研究和總結了國內外傳統和最新發展的各數據壓縮技術,然後分析了管道泄漏號的徵,包括管道泄漏號的產生理、息熵和相系數,提出了一適合於管道泄漏檢測定位系統的用、低復雜度的無損壓縮演算法。
  18. Many academics and practicing mangers pay a lot of attention on virtual enterprises ( ve ) in recent years. most of them take the concept of ve as a dynamic organization which combine different advantages of many independent firms by information network with the purpose to seek business opportunity

    于虛擬企業,普遍的觀點是將其視為一為了迅速捕捉市場會,息網路將若干企業的核心資源優選整合而形成的網路分散式的動態組織,它具有基於市場遇、任務導向、臨時性的、基於現代息技術的外部合作等徵。
  19. Facing these problems that exists in smcc ' s marketing, and according to fact situation, i completely analyzed smcc ' s marketing environment and competitive pattern, deeply investigated the market business and challenge faced by smcc. on the basis of mobile products or service ' s features, combined vvith national & international research about marketing and service marketing, i achieved conclusion as follovving : l. the strategy that smcc ' s expands the market by developing new customers is unsuitable to the market competition

    面對四川移動公司市場營銷中的問題,本文從實際出發,對四川移動公司的市場營銷環境和競爭格局作了全面詳細的分析,深入研究了四川移動公司在現階段面臨的市場遇和挑戰,並依據移動產品和服務的點,結合國內外市場營銷和服務營銷的相研究,得出了下列結論: 1 、四川移動公司當前實行的以發展新用戶為主的擴張型營銷策略已不適應移動市場競爭的需要; 2 、四川移動公司要在市場競爭中保持明顯優勢,只有從服務入手,全面實行以提高用戶滿意度為核心的移動服務營銷。
  20. This dissertation discuss the key technology of wide band digital t / r module, including : architecture of the wide band digital t / r module ; wide band signal generating technology based on ddws ; using fiber technology to transmit data between radar center and t / r moudle. after studying the digtal t / r module technology over the world, this dissertation present a scheme of l band ( 1300mhz ) wide band ( b = 100mhz ) digital t / r module, and design a test board to verify transmitting technology of wide band digital t / r module, it works at l band. it use gigabit fiber components to transmit data between radar center and t / r module, use ddws and quadrature modulate technology to generate wide band radar transmitting signal, all control signal is generated by fpga

    本文探討了寬帶數字t / r組件發射道的鍵技術,主要包括:數字t / r組件的體系結構、基於ddws技術的寬帶號的產生以及數字t / r組件收發數據的光傳輸技術。本文在深入研究了國內外數字t / r組件技術的基礎上,提出了一l波段( 1300mhz )寬帶( b = 100mhz )數字t / r組件的原理框圖,並且設計了試驗板來驗證寬帶數字t / r組件發射道技術。該試驗板採用千兆比光纖技術實現寬帶數字t / r組件與雷達主的數據傳輸,採用ddws加正交調制技術產生寬帶雷達號,採用一片fpga完成整個組件的控制。
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