生物工程導論 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [shēngwùgōngchéngdǎolún]
生物工程導論 英文
bio-engineering products
  • 生 : Ⅰ動詞1 （生育; 生殖） give birth to; bear 2 （出生） be born 3 （生長） grow 4 （生存; 活） live;...
  • 物 : 名詞1 （東西） thing; matter; object 2 （指自己以外的人或與己相對的環境） other people; the outsi...
  • 工 : Ⅰ名詞1 （工人和工人階級） worker; workman; the working class 2 （工作; 生產勞動） work; labour 3 ...
  • 程 : 名詞1 （規章; 法式） rule; regulation 2 （進度; 程序） order; procedure 3 （路途; 一段路） journe...
  • 導 : 動詞1. （引導） lead; guide 2. （傳導） transmit; conduct 3. （開導） instruct; teach; give guidance to
  • 論 : 論名詞（記錄孔子及其門徒的言行的「論語」） the analects of confucius
  • 生物 : living things; living beings; organisms; bios （pl bioi bioses）; biont; thing; life生物材料 biol...
  1. In guided study in biochemistry or supervised research in biochemistry taken in the final year of the curriculum, students are required to submit reports based on literature reviews of current topics or research work conducted under the supervision of a faculty adviser

    高年班學生必須修讀專題文獻討論或專題實驗研究課程，在系內教師指導下，查閱生物化學文獻或進行一短期研究工作，並宣讀和提交有關課題之書面報告。
  2. In any situation whatsoever and wheresoever occurring and whether existing or anticipated before commencement of or during the voyage, which in the judgment of the carrier or the master is likely to give rise to risk of capture, seizure, detention, damage, delay or disadvantage to or loss of the ship or any part of her cargo, or to make it unsafe, imprudent, or unlawful for any reason to commence or proceed on or continue the voyage or to enter or discharge the goods at the port of discharge, or to give rise to delay or difficulty in arriving, discharging at or leaving the port of discharge or the usual or agreed place of discharge in such port, the carrier may before loading or before the commencement of the voyage, require the shipper or other person entitled thereto to take delivery of the goods at port of shipment and upon failure to do so, may warehouse the goods at the risk and expense of the goods ； or the carrier or the master, whether or not proceeding toward or entering or attempting to enter the port of discharge or reaching or attempting to reach the usual place of discharge therein or attempting to discharge the goods there, may discharge the goods into depot, lazaretto, craft, or other place ; or the ship may proceed or return, directly or indirectly, to or stop at any port or place whatsoever as the master or the carrier may consider safe or advisable under the circumstances, and discharge the goods, or any part thereof, at any such port or place ; or the carrier or the master may retain the cargo on board until the return trip or until such time as the carrier or the master thinks advisable and discharge the goods at any place whatsoever as herein provided ； or the carrier or the master may discharge and forward the goods by any means, rail, water, land, or air at the risk and expense of the goods

    四、不論任何地方任何情況，不論是在開航前或航程中存在或預料到的，只要承運人或船長認為可能有導致捕獲、扣押、沒收、損害、延誤或對船舶或其貨物不利或產生滅失，或致使起航或續航或進港或在卸貨港卸貨不安全、不適當、或非法，或致使延誤或難于抵達、卸載或離開卸貨港或該港通常或約定的卸貨地，承運人可在裝貨或開航前要求發貨人或與貨物權利有關的其他人在裝貨港口提回貨物，如要求不果，可倉儲貨物，風險和費用算在貨主頭上；承運人或船長，不論是續航至或進入或企圖進入卸貨港，或抵達或企圖抵達港口通常的卸貨地，或企圖在此卸貨，也可將貨物卸在倉庫、檢疫站、駁船，或其他地方；船舶也可續航或回航，直接或間接地，抵達或停留在船長或承運人在此情況認為安全或適當的任何港口或地點，全部或部分將貨物卸在此港口或地點；承運人或船長也可將貨物留在船上，直到回航或直到承運人或船長認為適當時將貨物卸到本合同所規定的任何地方；承運人或船長也可卸貨並將貨物用任何交通工具，經鐵路、水路、陸路、或空運轉運貨物，風險和費用算在貨主頭上。
  3. By calculating instability factor in research area, this paper gives some corresponding suggestion. this paper shows engineering instability around instrument foundation and coupling relation to the circumjacent seabed, and research the dynamic response between wave and seabed, and enriches the research content of instability of seabed around instrument foundation and give some appropriate suggestion to foundation planning of ocean engineering, also it prevents instrument, facility and property of state from losing and risking

    這篇論文揭示了構築物地基土的工程穩定性及與周邊海域互動禍合關系，研究了淺水區構築物底床在波浪等水動力作用下的動力響應，豐富了構築物周邊水下底坡穩定性研究的內容，為海上工程設施的地基設計提供了良好的理論指導性建議，對保障海上安全生產、保證海洋設施的完整及使國家財產免受損失也有重要的現實意義。
  4. Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

    基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。
  5. It is important to asses the quality and degree in injury to the nerve for guiding the treatment during internal fixation of the fractures of humerus, the exclusion and protection of the radial nerve should be carefully done, when removig the fixation the radial nerve would be protected by first dissecting normal radial nerve in distal and proximal segments, then, exposing gradually adherent segment within the scar tissue

    結論本組橈神經損傷的恢復效果滿意，有的患者在恢復過程中的電生理顯示與體征、癥狀不符；臨床工作中，能及時正確判斷神經損傷的性質和程度，對指導臨床治療極其重要；肱骨骨折內固定之際，必須仔細分離出橈神經並予以保護，其後整復骨折施行內固定；取出內固定物時，應先從遠近端解剖出正常的橈神經，再逐漸暴露被瘢痕組織黏連的橈神經段，保護好橈神經，其後取出內固定物。
  6. This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

    本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。
  7. This paper combines the application and research of cellular manufacturing resource management system in high - efficient numerical control machining technique research of commission of science technology and industry for national defense and demonstration project research of chengdu aerocraft corporation, studies and practice the management of workshop ' s resource management which according to mrp hand jit " s thoughts and the characteristic of manufacturing execution system to meet advanced management concept ; have realized the computer - assisted management of the measuring tool, cutter, fixture and material in numerical control manufacturing center of chengdu aerocraft corporation, have introduced some manage method, concept and the management thought in production planning and controlling management, stock management and cost management ; makes the information of cost manage department, technology department and resource management department can be shared and integrated with each other, have guaranteed the production of numerical control manufacturing center of chengdu aerocraft corporation can go on by order ; this paper is taking the management of cutter as a sample, have studied the major working process and the realistic demand of resource management in the environment of numerical control ; have established systematic function model and information model with the method of idefo, idef1x ; under the support of intranet, with the method of joint application and development, combines advanced management theory and reality, using mature software development tool, this paper have developed the computer - aided manufacturing resource management software under the pattern of c / s

    本文結合國防科工委「高效數控加工技術研究?成飛示範工程」課題中單元化製造資源管理系統的研究與應用，從車間層開始圍繞製造資源計劃（ mrp ）和準時制生產（ justintime ，簡稱jit ）的需求並結合製造執行系統（ manufacturingexecutionsystem ）的特點對車間資源的管理作了一定的研究和探討，並付諸實踐，以適應先進的管理理念；實現了成飛數控加工中心刀具、量具、工裝、物料等製造資源的計算機輔助管理，介紹了一些計劃與調度管理、庫存管理、成本管理的管理思想、理念及方法，完成了與車間生產調度部門、工藝部門、經營管理部門的信息共享和集成，從製造資源的角度保證了成飛數控加工中心的生產能有序、受控的進行；對今後的車間層製造資源管理探索出了一條切實可行的解決途徑。本文以刀具管理為例，研究了高效數控環境下製造資源管理的現實需求及主要的工作流程；採用idefo 、 idef1x方法建立了系統的功能模型和信息模型；並在車間局域網的支持下，採用聯合應用開發（ jad ）方法（即程序開發人員與最終用戶共同開發系統） ，以先進的管理理論為指導，結合生產現場的實際情況，利用成熟的軟體開發工具開發了c s模式下的計算機輔助製造資源管理系統軟體。
  8. The main work in the dissertation is to study the ecological relationship of plant comunities on midland of taihang mountain, and to reveal the distributing rule of vegetation and the environmental factors in midland of taihang mountain. it is significance not only in theory, but also brings into play important directive function for the virescence project of taihang mountain and makes it develop effectively

    本文的主要工作就是對太行山中段植物群落的生態關系進行研究，揭示太行山中段植被的分佈規律以及該地區的環境制約因子，不僅具有理論意義，而且將對太行山綠化工程發揮重要的指導作用，使這一生態工程能夠更加有效地開展，早日實現改善該地區生態環境的目標。
  9. Molecular tissue engineering should be a subject that combine molecular biology and tissue engineering, to study cells, tissue - inducing factors, biomaterials and the subtle relationships between them at molecular level and, finally develop better biological substitutes which would restore, maintain, or improve tissue function

    分子組織工程學是將分子生物學與組織工程學有機結合，運用分子生物學的理論和技術，從分子水平研究細胞、組織誘導因子、生物材料及其相互作用的關系，為研製能更有效地恢復、維持或改善病損組織或器官功能的生物替代物奠定基礎。
  10. Based on the waste residue continuing to use the theory of pure gypsum as amendment in improving alkaline soil establish a plan that with saving resources, water and with better effect and rapid speed. reach on the effect of the same - ion effect and salt effect of nacl in course of improving the alkaline soil. then after the certain amount of gypsum for exertion is decided, compare the effect of exertion of waste residue for one time with for more than one time

    首先比較煤煙脫硫廢渣與化學純石膏改良的物理化學過程的異同，在廢渣基本上可以沿用純石膏改良的理論基礎上，在一定的計劃改良深度內，定量的石膏施用方法的情況下，建立一個省石膏，省水，省工，效果好，速度快的方案；同時研究了nacl的鹽效應和na _ 2so _ 4的同離子效應在純石膏改良堿土過程中起到的作用；最後針對石膏施用量確定之後，一次施入還是分次施入更好，進行了探討；結合當地耕作條件，總結各有利的技術措施，指導田間的生產實際。
  11. The paper systematically discusses the mechanism for glycinebetaine to improve plant salt resistance and its research advances in genetic engineering at home and abroad as well as summarizing the research progresses about the key enzymes and their genetic engineering in glycinebetaine biosynthesis. it suggests that on the basis of further understanding the mechanism for glycinebetaine to improve plant salt resistance, the transformation of the genes relating to glycinebetaine biosynthesis should be carried out in major crops so that new plant varieties resistant to salt can be obtained

    系統地討論了甜菜堿在提高植物抗鹽性中的作用機理及其國內外研究進展，並對甜菜堿生物合成過程中關鍵酶及其遺傳工程的研究進展進行了綜述.提出在進一步弄清甜菜堿提高植物抗鹽性作用機理的基礎上，應在重要作物中開展甜菜堿合成相關基因的導入，以期獲得耐鹽植物新品種
  12. Abstract : establishment of the macro dynamic mathematical models for coked zeolite catalyst coke burning regeneration was discussed from an engineering point of view. based on the modified particle - pellet model, dynamic mathematical equations for porous and nonporous catalyst coke burning regeneration were deduced, supplying a theoretical basis for computer simulation of coked zeolite catalyst regeneration

    文摘:從反應工程學的角度討論了結焦沸石催化劑燒焦再生反應宏觀動力學數學模型的建立，根據已提出的修正的顆粒-粒子動態等溫物理模型，分別推導出了多孔焦炭的燃燒再生階段數學方程和無孔焦炭的燃燒再生階段數學方程，為結焦沸石催化劑再生反應過程計算機模擬提供了理論依據。
  13. Aim : to analyze the mechanism, thermadynamic theoretical basis, dynamic mechanism and influencing factors of thermally induced phase separation ( tips ) in order to completely grasp the factors affecting the size, distribution and form of pores, so that the adjusted range of pore can be widened and the preparation of porous membrane can be repeated and controlled. methods : considering from the structural characteristics of tissue engineered materials, the methods of preparing porous membrane using tips technique, the hermadynamic theoretical basis, dynamic mechanism and influencing factors were analyzed, the problems and investigative directions in the future were also analyzed. tips technique is a process of phase separation of polymer homogenous solution under quenching, and it is suitable for diameter and structural form of the micropore materials prepared using tips are closely correlated with the kind and dispensing proportion of polymer attrnuant, polymer concentration and polymer molecular mass, etc. conducted, including determination of polymer - solvent system phase diagram, study of form and appearance of porous membrane of different thickness, study of form and appearance of porous membrane prepared with systems of different x, which is the parameter of polymer - solvent interaction

    目的:分析熱致相分離成膜過程的機理、熱力學理論基礎、動力學機制以及影響因素，以便充分掌握影響孔度大小、分佈、形態的因素，使孔度調控范圍得以拓寬，使多孔膜的制備能重復可控.方法:從組織工程材料結構特點出發，分析熱致相分離聚合物多孔膜的制備方法及該法成膜的熱力學理論基礎、動力學機制以及影響因素.並分析實驗中存在的問題及今後的研究方向.結果:以熱致相分離法可制備聚合物多孔膜.熱致相分離法制備多孔膜是高聚物均相溶液在淬冷條件下發生相分離的過程，它適用於上臨界共溶溫度型聚合物一稀釋劑二元體系.熱致相分離法成膜的過程，可以認為是旋節線機理佔主導地位.熱致相分離法制備的微孔材料，其孔隙率、孔徑大小、結構形態與聚合物稀釋劑的種類、組成配比、聚合物濃度、聚合物分子量等因素密切相關.結論:可採用熱致相分離技術制備多孔膜，通過改變不同的成膜條件可獲得一系列不同孔徑尺寸和孔徑分佈的多孔膜材料.對熱致相分離成膜過程中聚合物-溶劑體系的相圖測定，不同厚度的多孔膜形貌研究，不同x （聚合物-溶劑相互作用參數）體系所制備的多孔膜形貌等需深人研究
  14. Engineering drawing has always been labeled as a practical subject. a combination of geometrical, building. mechanical and electrical drawing, it relates between theory and the picture of reality. engineering drawing will provide an accurate and complete ptcture for every object tn terms of shapes and sizes. usually, it is taught using the face - to - face teaching mode even in an odl environment. due to its nature, some students may find difficulty in imagining and interpreting the drawings. however, the availability of sophisticated technology provides the opportunity for the learning of engineering drawing to be enhanced via online. a web - based system for teaching and learning engineering drawing was developed based on a constructivism model. the web - based system is tailored for several topics of engineering drawing such as orthographic projection, sectional view, isometric and oblique drawing at the secondary level. the learning strategy consists of multiple phases beginning with introduction, concept learning, engineering drawing method, application and exercises. during introduction, students will be exposed to an overview of the topic followed by learning of specific concepts. the system provides a learning environment that allows engineering students to view objects from different angles, such as third angle projection and first angle projection as well as views of plans, side and front elevations. after learning about the concepts, students wilt be guided through the various steps in drawing methods for each topic via animations and simulations. learners are able to view any section repeatedly. examples of real application of engineering drawings were also given using graphic, animations and video. to evaluate students understanding, exercises were given at the end of each session

    工程制圖一直被認為是一門實踐性學科，其整合了幾何學、建築、力學、電子制圖等，從而將理論與現實圖像聯系起來，工程制圖能為每個不同形狀、尺寸的物體提供精確的、完整的圖像.通常，即使在開放與遠程教育環境中，工程制圖的教學也是通過面對面的教學模式來進行的.由於其特殊性，一些學習者可能難以想象並解釋這些圖像.然而，尖端的技術使得可以通過在線的方式加強工程制圖的學習.研究者基於建構主義模式開發了一個面向工程制圖教學和學習的網路系統.該系統適用於幾種工程制圖，例如展開圖、刻面圖、等角圖和斜角圖.學習過程包括導論、概念學習、工程制圖方法，以及應用與練習等階段.在導論階段，系統為學習者提供了專題簡介，然後是概念學習階段.系統所提供的學習環境允許工程專業的學生從三維透視、一維透視、平面圖、側立面、正立面等不同角度來觀察物體.經過概念學習階段后，系統將引導學生通過動畫和模擬學習每個專題中制圖方法的不同步驟，學習者也能重復觀察任何剖面.另外，還通過圖像、動畫和視頻等方式展示真實的工程制圖應用案例.最後，為了評價學生的理解能力，在每部分內容後面都附有相關的練習
  15. The study solves engineering problem as follows : ( 1 ) the systematic study on the historical course of xigeda strata deposit and geologic environment includes strata, lithologic characters and constitution et in the liangshan and panzhihua region. the results show that the xichang - panzhihua express way is controlled by the anninghe fault and the xigeda fault, the earthquake frequently happen in the region of pass, the different sedimentation number is more great, they effect the road building, safety in operation and structure belong road ( 2 ) because in some place the xigeda strata is foundation and roadbed, the study on the basic properties of the xigeda strata include density, moisture content plastic and liquid limit graduation. the results show that the xigeda strata is deposition in lake, the main component is mudstone and sandstone, the fine particle is main, it has some viscosity, the moisture content of mudstone is different the it of sandstone, the other property are likeness. the xigeda strata has no dilatation on total, some claystone have low and medium dilatation ; ( 3 ) the study on the basic properties of xigeda filler include the composition of matter the biggest standard dry density, the optimum moisture content the results show that xigeda filler can use as road material, it is well grade filler and admixture filler on essence, its compaction index should change in different place because the property is controlled by mudstone and sandstone that change is great in different place ; ( 4 ) the study on the xigeda filler craft used as express way roadbed, includes suitable thickness, compaction numbers and methods and equipment choice et

    公路沿線廣泛分佈有昔格達地層，昔格達地層能否用作高速公路路基填料，國內沒有先例，本論文就是結合導師的科研項目，在非典期間，現場長達5個月的工作，完成了從試驗、現場施工工藝到路堤分層沉降監測等工作，是面對生產實際，認識昔格達地層的性質和其作為地基、路基和填料應用中面臨的問題進行的研究。主要的研究內容有：對攀西地區地層巖性、構造等地質環境和昔格達地層的沉積歷史過程作了系統的分析，研究表明西攀高速公路主要受安寧河斷裂和昔格達斷裂影響，通過地區地震活動頻繁，差異沉降較大，對公路建設、安全運行和沿線構築物設計有較大影響；由於昔格達地層在有些路段作為地基、有些作為路基，對其基本性質進行了研究：包括天然密度、含水量、塑液限、顆粒級配等指標的試驗研究。研究成果表明：昔格達地層為湖相沉積，主要為砂巖和泥巖，它以細粒組為主，同時粘粒的存在，使其具有一定粘性。
  16. In the process of building and using the mass concrete structures, because of the effect of out - side condition and themselves, some faults will form in the structure, these faults will effect the bearing capability and endurance using nondestructive testing method to test the concrete ' s quality and diagnose its healthy, which has the significant sense in assessing the safety stability and research of the administering diseases this dissertation mostly researched the testing methods in the mass concrete structure, discussed the principles, methods, features, sphere of application of the ultrasonic testing in the mass concrete structure with faults, used dynamic fem to simulate the testing process, discussed when the concrete structure with cracks is under the effect of the pulse, how the elastic waves propagate and what are their changing feature, researched the principles of the first - arriving waves " phase when the cracks " depths are not same, obtained the relation between the inversion point and the cracks " depth, which has the direction sense in the application of projects, the second part of this dissertation is ct, which used the ultrasonic wave running through the tested - substance to get arriving - time of the ultrasonic wave, then inverse the image this dissertation drawed one ct program which can well present the different little cells " ultrasonic wave velocity profiles of the substance, thereby to diagnose the quality of the part of the tested - substance, ct has the better using foreground.

    在混凝土結構的施工及使用過程中，由於受其自身及外界各種因素的影響，常常會產生一些缺陷，對結構物的承載能力和耐久性造成嚴重影響，採用無損檢測技術進行質量檢測和健康診斷，這對混凝土結構開展安全、穩定性評估以及病害隱患治理研究具有重要意義。本論文主要針對大體積混凝土結構缺陷的檢測方法展開研究工作，重點討論了超聲波法檢測混凝土結構裂縫的基本原理和方法及其特點、適用范圍，運用動力有限元數值模擬其檢測過程，探討了有裂縫缺陷的混凝土結構在脈沖荷載作用下彈性波的傳播及其變化特徵，研究了不同裂縫深度下首波相位變化規律，得出了反轉臨界點與裂縫深度之間的關系，這對實際工程應用具有指導意義。聲波ct是一種新的無損檢測技術，它是利用聲波穿透被檢測體獲取聲波接收時間，來進行計算機反演成像的技術。
  17. Introduced infected by the turnip mosaic virus. there are many useful objective genes can be used in vegetable genetic transformation, but the research work of chinese cabbage genetic transformation is little. the reaserch on transforming chinese cabbage using agrobacterium - med ated method has n ' t been report at home and abroad. ln the test, tumv - cp gene was transferred into chinese cabbage ( brassica campestris l. ssp. pekinensis ) via agrobacterium - mediated method. a high effective regeneration and genetic transformatin system has been established, the detection by the method of molecular biology, has proved that the regenerative plants are transgenic plants and the target genes have been expressed transgenic plants partly. meanwhile transgenic progenies were traced and investigated so that heredity, stability and expression of target gene were researched. the virus resistant, stable plants were expected to obt ain so that theoretical base can be established for chinese cabbage breeding by gene engineering

    利用農桿菌介導法轉化大白菜抗病基因的研究工作在國內外未見報道。本課試驗採用農桿菌介導法將tumv - cp基因導入大白菜中，建立了高效的大白菜離體再生、遺傳轉化體系，並對轉基因植株進行分子生物學檢測，證實得到的再生植株為轉基因植株，目的基因已在部分植株上表達。同時，對轉基因植株的後代進行檢測，分析該基因所控制性狀的遺傳穩定性以及基因表達情況，為大白菜基因工程抗病育種提供理論依據。
  18. Yale engineers who study both flow hydrodynamics and how bacteria propel themselves report that one reason for the high incidence of infections associated with catheters in hospital patients may be that some pathogenic bacteria swim " to the left, " in a study published in physical review letters

    《物理評論快報》出版發行了一項研究，研究細菌流體動力學及如何運動方面的耶魯大學工程學家報道說，住院病人導尿管高感染發生率原因可能是因為致病菌「向左游」導致。
  19. This chapter points out that the innovation of alui is accorded with the discipline of institution change. the land transformation contract management institution should be renewed with the direction of material right theory to improve the agricultural land use rate, advance agricultural production and agricultural land right protection with the new situation of urbanization, industrialization, deepen marketing economic system and subscription of wto

    著重指出，農地使用制度變遷符合制度變遷原理，現時在我國農業現代化、城市化、工業化進程加快、市場經濟體制深化、加入wto等新形勢下，為了進一步提高農地利用效率、促進農業生產和保護農地權益，需要在現代物權理論指導下對我國土地承包經營制度進行創新。
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