生產消費限制 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [shēngchǎnxiāobìxiànzhì]
生產消費限制 英文
limit
  • 生 : Ⅰ動詞1 （生育; 生殖） give birth to; bear 2 （出生） be born 3 （生長） grow 4 （生存; 活） live;...
  • 產 : Ⅰ動詞1 （人或動物的幼體從母體中分離出來） give birth to; be delivered of; breed 2 （創造財富; 生...
  • 消 : 動詞1 （消失） disappear; vanish 2 （使消失; 消除） eliminate; dispel; remove 3 （度過; 消遣） pa...
  • 費 : Ⅰ名詞1 （費用） fee; expense; expenditure; dues; charge 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（花費; 耗費） ...
  • 限 : Ⅰ名詞（指定的范圍; 限度） limit; bounds Ⅱ動詞（指定范圍, 不許超過） set a limit; limit; restrict
  • 制 : Ⅰ動詞1 （製造） make; manufacture 2 （擬訂; 規定） draw up; establish 3 （用強力約束; 限定; 管束...
  • 生產 : 1 （使用工具創造生產、生活資料） produce; manufacture 2 （生孩子） give birth to a child; childbi...
  • 消費 : consume; consumption消費城市 consumer city; 消費貸款 consumer loans; consumption credit; 消費方式...
  • 限制 : place [impose] restrictions on [to]; astrict; restrict; limit; confine; shut down on [upon]: 限制...
  1. In this section, the paper mainly analyses such important requirements as " not constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination, of a disguised restriction on international trade " x " necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health " ^ " relating to the conservation of exhaustible natural resources ", " made effective in conjunction with restrictions on domestic production or consumption "

    在該部分中，本文重點分析了「不構成任意或無端的歧視，或國際貿易的變相限制」 、 「為保護人類、動植物生命或健康所必需」 、 「與養護可枯竭自然資源相關」 、 「與國內生產或消費一起限制」等幾個重要條件。
  2. The market size mechanism shows that inequality is harmful for the market expansion of domestic product which plays a key role in the process of industrialization. the political economy mechanism shows that inequality have strong effect on the preference of median voters who determine the government policy which have different consequence on economic growth. all the mechanisms mentioned above will be reviewed in the dissertation as well as the empirical literature

    市場規模機制認為：在分配不平等的農業國，富人需求的是國外的高檔消費品，而窮人的購買力有限，這樣對國內生產的工業品需求不足；另一方面，工業化則要求充分大的國內市場需求以使規模收益遞增的生產技術獲得盈利性；因此不平等制約了國內工業化進程和經濟發展。
  3. This article tosses out manufacturing field which related more to logistics, but elaborates in detail the application of logistics in retailing field. it tries to establish a supply chain system with retailing as the leader in which there is no restriction that manufacture determines consumption. hence, consumption is promoted gradually to the leading position in their relationship

    本文拋開了與物流有更多密切聯系的製造業領域，詳細闡述了物流在零售業領域中的應用，試圖建立一個以零售業為主導的供應鏈體系，在這個體系中已經擺脫了傳統意義上的生產決定消費的局限，從而使消費環節在兩者之間的關繫上逐步上升為主導地位，也就是說，在一定程度上，消費制約著生產。
  4. The organic agriculture is also able to meet human being ' s diversified demands for the agricultural function after their physiological demands are satisfied basically. the remarkable information asymmetry exists in the organic agricultural product trade and has higher requests to the system. the production of organic agricultural product is superior to ordinary agricultural product in nutrition, safety and health because it is forbidden to use various kinds of agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizers, etc. if organic authenticity of product can be guaranteed, consumers like to buy it with higher price because of its fine quality, friendly environment and social fair, etc. because of the limited organic agricultural production " input, high produce cost and low production, producers are needed to be compensated with higher price ; difficult to distinguish organic agricultural produce with common agricultural ones from appearance and even prove organic authenticity of product through measuring

    在有機農產品交易中存在著顯著的信息不對稱，對制度有著更高的要求，表現在：有機農產品的生產因為禁止使用農藥、化肥等各種化學投入品，在營養、安全、健康等方面優于普通農產品；因為其優良的品質和環境友好、社會公平等附加效用，消費者願意以比普通農產品更高的價格購買，但前提是必須保證產品的有機真實性；由於有機農業生產投入受到很大限制，生產成本增加，而產量又可能降低（尤其是在轉換期） ，生產者需要以較高的產品價格作為補償；在外觀上難以區分有機農產品與普通農產品的差異在外觀上，即使通過檢測也難以驗證有機產品的真實性。
  5. The consequence of implementing the measures is quite negative, and it damages the advantages of consumer and benefits for the producer

    實施保障措施，各成員大都採用提高關稅或配額限制的方式，這影響到進口成員的社會福利，生產者受益，消費者受損。
  6. Here for a long time, because of the restriction of the income increases and the anticipation unstable, the family educational expenditure increase will produce the crowding out effectiveness and substitute effectiveness, which play a tightenning role in present consumption, thus not benefit the economic growth

    在長期內，由於收入增長的限制和預期不穩定，家庭教育支出增長會產生擠出效應和替代效應，對即期消費起了緊縮作用，從而不利於經濟增長。
  7. What ' s more, our enthusiasm for new products is encouraging what the writer giles slade calls " planned obsolescence " the tendency of manufacturers to artificially limit the useful lifespan of their products so consumers will soon have to replace them

    更嚴重的是，我們對于新產品的熱情促進了作家吉爾思.史萊德所謂的"計劃性淘汰"的產生.商家們人為的限制其產品的有效使用壽命這個傾向促使消費者不得不頻繁更換它們
  8. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller - producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product

    因此，在美國經濟體制中，消費者個人的需求，加上商人獲取最大利潤的追求及消費者想最大限度提高購買力的願望三者共同決定了什麼應該被生產和如何利用資源來生產這些產品。
  9. Thus, in the american economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it

    在美國經濟體制中，消費者個人的需求、商人獲取最大利潤的追求和消費者渴望最大限度地增加自己的收入共同決定應該生產什麼和如何利用資源去生產這些產品。
  10. Thus, in the american economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupledwith the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximizetheir incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it

    因此，在美國經濟體制中，消費者個人的需求，加上商人獲取最大利潤的追求及消費者想最大限度提高購買力的願望三者共同決定應該生產什麼和如何利用資源來生產這些產品。
  11. On the base of these principles and methods or the logical process, we provide some general policies of marketing channels for people in marketing practice to refer to. this dissertation has six sections. introductory introduces ces the background, objective, methods, theory bases and limit of research ; the first chapter is simple review on the theories and models ; the second chapter is the analysis of the basic aspects of marketing channels, including channels structure, channels " behaviors and the effect on the both, which comes from the computer information system ; the third chapter provides a mechanism of policies " choice of marketing channels ; the forth chapter provides some policies conclusions ; the final section simply criticizes this dissertation, including contributions, defects ect

    本文分六部分共四章，導言部分介紹本文的研究背景、目的、方法、研究的理論基礎及限制條件；第一章對現有的產品生命周期理論和模型進行簡單回顧並作出一些評價；第二章對渠道結構、渠道行為及計算機信息系統對營銷渠道結構和行為的影響等營銷渠道的三個基本問題進行分析；第三章提出不同產品生命周期階段營銷渠道政策的選擇機制，這個選擇機制實質上也是消費者行為和競爭者行為在渠道選擇中的一個均衡過程；第四章實際上是政策結論的部分，所提出的一般性渠道政策建議是渠道政策選擇機制合理的邏輯結果；文章的最後一部分是筆者自己對文章所作的一些簡要評價：包括文章的貢獻、缺陷等，並指出在這一領域中未來的研究方向。
  12. In practice, the incentive regulatory schemes, such as price caps regulation ( pcr ), have provided powerful incentives to promote productive efficiency for the regulated enterprises, but it not only achieve perfect industry efficiency, meanwhile, but also brought about the problems of exploiting rent and harming consumer surplus in the regulated enterprises. therefore, the choice of incentive regulatory schemes is constrained by many conditions

    在實踐中，雖然價格上限等激勵性規制應用模型對生產效率形成強力激勵，但是其在取得良好產業績效的同時，也帶來了被規制企業攫取信息租金、損害消費者剩餘等問題，因而激勵性規制模式的選擇受到許多條件的約束。
  13. If local linkages between suppliers, producers and customers become too rigid and too exclusive, a concentration on only a few local actors could cause lock - in and pose limitations on future growth ( granovetter, 1973 ; scott, 1998 ; maillat, 1998 ; oinas, 1999 )

    如果當地供應商、生產商和消費者之間的聯系變得太固定、太單一，一個群體就會因為僅有少量的當地參與者而導致鎖定和未來的增長形式限制性。
  14. Atotech ( guangzhou ) chemicals ltd. is a world - class manufacturer of electro - plating additives. with the helps from hong kong productivity council, they practiced a program named as spot improvement, which was implemented on six stages : stage 1, trainings to all employees on awareness of spot improvement ; stage 2, constituted relevant regulations to implement spot improvement ; stage 3, standardized procedures and rules to ensure a good quality of products and a safe production envirement ; stage 4, practiced 5s " to chieve a good housekeeping and to foster employees " self - discipline ; stage 5, splith elimination so as to reduce stocks of materials and products ; stage 6, practiced visual management to consolidate the achievements of spot improvement, i. e. standardization, 5s, splith elimination, etc. however, atotech ( guangzhou ) chemicals ltd. faced a big challenge on continuous improvement

    安美特（廣州）化學有限公司是世界級的電鍍添加劑生產和銷售企業，其現場改善的活動是在香港生產力促進局的改善顧問的協助下推行的；安美特（廣州）化學有限公司的現場改善分六個階段：第一階段，培訓員工以向員工灌輸現場意識，從而確定現場在安美特（廣州）化學有限公司中的地位；第二階段，制定相應的制度以推行現場改善；第三階段，推行標準化，以確保產品的質量和生產安全；第四階段，推行5s ，以維持良好的廠房環境和培養員工自律；第五階段，推行消除浪費運動，著重於直接降低存貨浪費；第六階段，推行可視管理，以鞏固強化標準化、 5s 、消除浪費等現場改善活動的成果。
  15. Xiang long pharmaceutical co., ltd ( it will be called the company thereafter ) was founded in 1969. after over 20 years " development now it has become big complex listed company with total asset rmb761. 832 million, annual profit and tax 40. 325 million, which has taken medicine making as their main business while producing raw materials of medicine, medicine preparation, feed additive etc, holing share and stock participation of service industry in grogshops and hotels, green food industry use commodities

    祥龍藥業股份有限公司成立於1969年，經過三十多年的發展，已成為以醫藥製造業為主業，生產醫藥原料藥、醫藥制劑，飼料添加劑等產品系列，參股及控股進入酒店服務業、綠色食品業和日用消費品業，總資產76183 . 2萬元，年利稅4032 . 5萬元的大型綜合性上市企業。
  16. The principal part of this article narrates and estimates the representative thoughts and research of the main six aspects : the production and consumption of mass communications industry : here we narrate the standpoints of graham, smythe and wasco, etc. we generalize the characters of communications industry differing from other industry in this chapter, analyzing the limitations on symbolic commodity from economic and social status, cultural ability ; also analyzing the role of media labor

    本文的主體部分梳理和評價了傳播政治經濟學的六個主要的研究話題的代表性思想和研究成果：大眾傳播業的生產與消費：這里主要評述了加海姆、斯邁思、瓦斯科等人的代表性觀點。本文概括了傳播業不同於一般工業部門的特徵，從經濟、社會地位和文化能力三方面分析了符號商品消費所受到限制，並分析了傳播工業的勞動者的角色問題。
  17. Secondly, the thesis studies the relations between the competition of dairy enterprise and the development of industry. taking the tenth dairy enterprises in china for example, it analysis the competition about the contest of dairy, the share of marketing, the quality of production and the technology. it also discusses the reason why the extension of model is the main in competition of enterprises from the angle of scale economic, the reproduction, the limited dairy and the risk

    其次對乳品企業間的競爭與產業發展之間關系進行研究，以中國排名前十位的乳品企業為主，從奶源爭奪、市場份額爭奪及產品質量、研發與生產技術上的競爭三個方面分析了企業間的競爭關系；從規模經濟、產品的易復制性、奶源有限性及降低風險的角度討論了乳品企業間競爭以規模擴張為主的原因；從農業結構調整與農民增收、開拓乳品消費市場、應對國際競爭的角度分析了乳品企業間竟爭對產業發展的作用。
  18. Because of chinese citizens ' low consumption level, lagging production technology, shortage of talented people of high quality, restriction of fdi policies, difficulty of m & a and us limitation on high technology export to china, us direct investment in china is still very small and hasn ' t played a great role in china ' s economy and technology progression

    受我國居民消費水平偏低、企業生產技術落後、高素質人才缺乏、外商投資產業政策限制、企業並購困難、美國對華高技術出口限制等因素的制約，目前美國在華直接投資規模仍然較小，對我國經濟發展、科技進步的促進作用還較小。
  19. Looking back on the history of chinese housing industry and housing finance, we find out that chinese lagged - development housing finance withholds the development of its housing industry. a secondary market of real estate mortgage loan does not exist in china still, and this restricts banks finance their real estate mortgage loan business, risk diversion is also impossible. with the housing finance underdeveloped, the intent demand cannot turn into effective demand

    指出了目前我國住宅產業發展的主要問題是潛在需求難以轉化為有效需求，其中一個重要因素是住宅金融發展滯后，缺乏與住宅生產消費快速發展相適應的良好籌資機制，融資來源有限且不穩定，住房抵押貸款缺乏風險轉移和分散機制，不利於住宅產業和住宅金融的發展。
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