生產費用要素 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [shēngchǎnbìyòngyāosù]
生產費用要素 英文
elements of production expenses
  • 生 : Ⅰ動詞1 （生育; 生殖） give birth to; bear 2 （出生） be born 3 （生長） grow 4 （生存; 活） live;...
  • 產 : Ⅰ動詞1 （人或動物的幼體從母體中分離出來） give birth to; be delivered of; breed 2 （創造財富; 生...
  • 費 : Ⅰ名詞1 （費用） fee; expense; expenditure; dues; charge 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（花費; 耗費） ...
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 要 : 要動詞1. （求） demand; ask2. （強迫; 威脅） force; coerceⅡ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 素 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （本色; 白色） white 2 （顏色單純） plain; simple; quiet 3 （本來的; 原有的） native Ⅱ名...
  • 生產 : 1 （使用工具創造生產、生活資料） produce; manufacture 2 （生孩子） give birth to a child; childbi...
  • 費用 : cost; expenses; outlay
  • 要素 : essential factor; key element; part; element; factor
  1. The specific measures can be put forward as follows : firstly, with the aims of improving the level of individual specialization, more emphasis should be put on deploying and training human resources, improving labor quality and their expertise ; secondly, in order to enhancing internal labor division level in west china, it should take an active participating in the labor division both at home and abroad. west china should also make full use of its geographical advantage to develop trade in border area, take part in domestic labor division actively and hence promote the reconcilable development in west china and east china ; thirdly, to decrease transaction cost and improve transaction efficiency in west china, it is necessary to build and strengthen the market transaction system and better facilities of infrastructure

    進而提出了西部地區發展對外貿易要以分工優勢理論為指導，並提出了如下措施：加大人力資源的開發與培養，提高勞動者素質和專業技能，以提升個人專業化生產水平；積極參與國際、國內分工，尤其是充分利用區位優勢，大力發展邊境貿易和積極參與國內層面的分工合作，促進東西部的協調發展，以提高西部地區的內部分工水平；建立健全市場交易體系，改善基礎設施，以降低西部地區的交易費用和提高西部地區的交易效率。
  2. The efficiency of making use of economic resources in china is low, and one of the most important reasons about economic performance is that the national industry exists many defects, such as the low economic level of scale, the whole character of business enterprise not getting to increase with product construction over a long period of time, the small business enterprise increasing blindly, which causes the bargain of times increase and the trade expenses rise unduly, the lower degree of profession and cooperation, many more types of business enterprises, but lack of cooperation with the related and large business enterprises in the production, operation etc, so being difficult to take advantage of and share economy scale with big business enterprise ; the bad market performance and so on

    中國經濟發展中資源利用效率低，而經濟效益低下的一個重要原因是國有工業發展中存在許多缺陷:規模經濟水平不高，企業整體素質和產品結構長期得不到提高，小企業盲目增加，導致交易次數不適當地增多，交易費用上升;生產專業化協作程度較低， 「大而全」 、 「小而全」的全能型企業大量存在，但缺乏與相關大型骨幹企業在生產、經營等方面的協作，難以分享大企業規模經濟的好處;市場運作績效差等。
  3. The model synthesizes the needs of the company ' s management activities, such as produce, providence, inventory and sale, with optimized control tactics and it also minimizes the inventory cost to ensure the enterprise to get maximum effective profit

    本模型是把企業經營活動中的生產、供應、庫存和銷售等各個環節的需求要素予以綜合考慮，以最優化控制策略控制存儲系統的運營費用為最小，從而保證企業獲得最大有效利潤。
  4. The expend of fuels is mainly rest with the factors of market, so, cutting the costs of run and maintenance becomes many power plant ' s chief target to decrease the cost of production. i. e. the improve of the equipment ' s reliability and the require of the cost of repair benefit retio

    燃料支出主要取決於市場因素，所以，削減運行維護費用成為眾多發電企業降低生產成本的首選目標，也就是對設備的可靠性、對檢修成本效益比的要求提高，因此監測設備狀態，在設備發生實質性故障之前進行檢修的方式，即狀態檢修得到了廣泛重視，它也是電力前沿技術之一。
  5. The main issues of the research are put as following : firstly, with the international comparing of market sharing rate and trading competitive index, it was revealed that wheat in china has inferior international competitiveness with a bit rising during current years, however, which is still behind that of the main wheat export countries. secondly, after the international comparing of the main factors that affect the international competitiveness of wheat, it was discovered that chinese wheat has the obvious cost advantage on unit product, while because of the high circulation fee, it results in inferior advantage on the price ; low and unstable quality is another factor which leads to inferior wheat competitiveness ; the input of fertilizer and labor makes little impact on the productivity of chinese wheat, while the input of seeds, irrigation and machine makes a strong impact, so it should be more invested in seeds, irrigation and machine to reduce wheat ' s unit cost. the assistant industries of the wheat, such as breed, production materials and processing industries, have inferior international competitiveness and lagged development

    其次，通過對影響小麥國際競爭力的主要因素的國際比較發現：中國小麥單位產品生產成本具有明顯優勢，但由於較高的流通費用，導致在價格上不具有優勢；小麥質量較差、品質不穩定是導致中國小麥國際競爭力較低的主要因素；生產要素中化肥和勞動力投入對中國小麥生產力水平的影響程度較小，而種子、灌溉和機械投入對小麥生產力水平的的影響程度較大，因此小麥生產投入要以增加種子、灌溉和機械的投入為主，代替大量的化肥和勞動力投入，進一步降低小麥單位產品成本，增強中國小麥國際競爭力；中國小麥的上下游輔助產業（包括品種資源、生產資料和加工業）的國際競爭力較弱，發展較為滯后；中國小麥生產者的組織化程度較低嚴重製約了中國小麥質量的提高、流通費用的降低和加工業的發展；小麥生產經營活動本身的特點決定了在充分發揮市場機製作用的基礎上，必須通過政府的宏觀調控來克服其市場機制的失靈，保障市場機制有效運行，但通過國際比較研究發現：中國政府在生產者支持、市場體系建設和國際貿易政策上對小麥的支持水平較低，與提高中國小麥國際競爭力的要求有較大差距，尤其是較低的生產者支持水平和市場體系建設程度制約了中國小麥國際競爭力的提高。
  6. In this study the penman discussed the complicated framework of the maize price, and particularly studied the main four parts : producing cost, circulating exes, margins, and taxes ; the factors that affect maize price are policies of government, value of money, supply and demand, system price difference, substitutions and etc ; some single and integrated modes of maize price forming are designed, and having forecasted the 2000 price of maize

    本文的主要內容是： （ 1 ）現行玉米價格體系龐大復雜，其構成分生產成本、流通費用、利潤、稅金四個部分。 （ 2 ）玉米價格形成受多種因素影響，主要是國家政策、貨幣價值、供求關系、差價體系、比價體系以及替代品和其他相關產品。 （ 3 ）建立了玉米價格預測的單個和綜合模型，對2000年價格進行預測。
  7. Main conclusions ( 1 ) the shadow prices of agriculture production factors could be calculated by using stochastic frontier production function and marginal productivity theory without the factors market ; ( 2 ) the real production cost of agriculture production could be acquired by using the opportunity cost of factors to account the benefit - cost of agriculture products ; ( 3 ) the marginal benefit of the agriculture production factors could be regarded as referent standard to weigh the amounts that government at the basic level and countryside committee take fees from farmers

    本文的主要研究結論為：利用隨機前沿生產函數技術和要素邊際生產力理論，在沒有重要農業生產要素市場的情況下，有可能測算要素影子價格；使用機會成本概念作為農產品成本收益核算的計價基礎，可以獲得農產品的完全生產成本；農業生產要素的邊際收益可以作為衡量基層政府和村集體向農民收取費用合理幅度的一種參照物。
  8. Combining a model of endogenous growth, it researches the influence on the local expenditures to regions economy in both theoretic and demonstrational ways in this study. the main method of the demonstrational analysis is the least two multiplication method, i. e. ols estimation for an equation of the local economic development. the outcome is that, which is all positive on the local expenditures infecting their regions economy at present, but it is implemented from enhancing tfp, not from obviously elevating single productive factors

    測算結果表明目前我國地方財政支出對區域經濟影響均為正，但並不是通過顯著提高單個生產要素生產率來實現，而是通過提高全要素生產率來實現的;其次地方財政支出結構中科教文衛費用對區域經濟增長均為正，說明它們的重要性，行政管理費對區域經濟增長均為負，說明其已超過了最優規模，但經濟建設支出的影響就有明顯的差異性;最後提出相應的完善地方財政支出改革與管理的建議。
  9. During the process of realizing the grand blueprint, the higher - learning institutions directly push and develop the local economy by consuming social productive materials, training talents needed by social production, developing technology needed by social productive material and planning reasonable station in accordance with social material productive elements

    在實現全面建設小康社會這一宏偉藍圖過程中，我國高校以其消費社會物質生產資料；培養社會物質生產資料所需人才；研發社會物質生產資料所需技術；策化社會物質生產要素合理配置等新的作用，直接地拉動著社會經濟的發展。
  10. In time, this disparity in the prices of goods and services will be compressed, if not eliminated, by the market, and in the process it will force a greater degree of factor price equalisation

    但假以時日，市場力量將會逐漸拉近兩地貨品及服務價格交易費用計算在內的差距，或甚至使之完全消失，屆時便會形成較大程度的生產要素價格均衡。
  11. The enterprises of our country must compete with foreign companies after china joining wto. they especially need carry out be theory, to coordinate and cooperate with others, for example, the major producer, the core supplier and customers. they should apply be theory to establish, cultivate and implement enterprise competitive strategy, in order to create competitive advantage continuously

    尤其是我國企業在加入wto后，要在較低的水平條件下同國外資金雄厚、技術和管理先進的跨國公司或企業巨頭進行激烈競爭，更需要密切主要生產者、供應商、消費者等價值鏈上的關鍵要素，運用商業生態系統理論規劃、制定、培育、實施企業競爭戰略，不斷創造競爭優勢以便在激烈的競爭中求得生存和發展。
  12. This paper chooses the indicators of economy and land quality input which has influence on the output, depending on cd - productive function to establish the function between input and output : y : productive forces of the cultivated land f : input of the fertilizer and agricultural chemical i : input of the irrigation l : input of the labor q : input of the land quality a : the level of average management t : the level of changing management a, b, c, d, f : productive elasticity coefficient the factor of the land quality includes texture, content of the organic matter, degree of the pickled, the structure of the soil

    本項研究選擇了影響農用地總產出的經濟投入指標和土地質量投入指標，藉助c - d生產函數，建立土地投入產出的函數關系： y = a ? e ~ （ ft ） ? f ~ a ? i ~ b ? l ~ c ? q ~ dy為以土地總產值表示的土地生產力f為化肥和農藥的投入i為灌溉投入，即灌溉所需用的水電費l為勞動力投入（考慮了農業機械投入的修正） q為土地質量投入a為平均管理水平t為變化的管理水平a 、 b 、 c 、 d 、 f分別為各相應生產要素的產出彈性系數其中，土地質量因子包括表土質地（ t人有機質含量矚入鹽漬化程度px土體構型p ）等。他們之間的關系為： q （ a ； xt a 。
  13. At the process of technology innovation, entrepreneurs grape potential opportunities in market, renew and re - organize condition and element of manufacturing, build up stronger, faster and cheaper manufacturing and running system in order to gain extra profit

    一方面，企業家通過技術創新抓住市場的潛在盈利機會，更新組織生產條件和要素，建立起效能更強、效率更高和費用更低的生產經營系統，從而獲取超額的商業利益。
  14. The second chapter analyzes the characteristics of flower industry and the current condition of the flower consumption with detailed statistical data and the data from the investigation of shenzhen and wuhan. the third chapter discusses the channels of flower distributions and the current situation in the market constructions of flower business. the fourth chapter analyzes the main factors that influence the development of flower market by using investigation data and makes a prediction about the developing prospects of flower industry during the period of " the tenth five - year plan " based on different kinds of factors from home and abroad

    第一章揭示了花卉業在全球迅速發展的背景，指出花卉業發展的主要原因，發展的現狀特徵、經驗以及給我國花卉業的重要啟示；第二章運用詳實的統計資料和在武漢市和深圳市進行的調查資料，對花卉生產、消費的現狀特點進行分析；第三章探討了我國花卉產品流通的渠道與花卉交易市場建設的狀況；第四章運用調查資料，分析花卉市場發展的影響因素，並且在綜合國內外各因素的基礎上，對「十五」期間花卉業發展的前景進行預測；第五章針對問題，提出了我國花卉業發展的對策。
  15. In this paper i calculate the reasonable possession quantity of port handling machineries with chance - constrained linear programming. first in the paper is the background and meaning of this research ; then analysis present situation of port machinery management both in practice and theory ; in chapter 3, i qualitatively discusses characters influencing machinery quantity, which include lifting ton, intact rate and using rate, age of machinery, machinery purchase and working cost and so on. in chapter 4, i take the influencing characters to mathematic model of chance - constrained linear programming, aiming to maintain the need of production and reduce machinery cost

    文章首先介紹了選題的背景、意義以及主要工作；第2章介紹了港口機械管理在港口企業管理中的地位與作用，以及我國港口機械設備管理與配置現狀，並簡要介紹目前港機合理擁有量的理論研究方法；第3章從技術與經濟角度定性分析了各種因素對港機擁有量的影響，其中主要包括機械起運量、完好率與利用率、機械設備役齡、購置與營運成本等；第4章將各種影響因素引入模犁，提出以完成生產任務、機械成本最低為目標，應用隨機線性規劃模型計算港口流動機械合理擁有量的方法；第5章以大連港大港區為例對模型進行應用，選擇四種型號叉車為研究對象，對其歷史經濟與技術數據進行統計分析，其中重點對隨機變量單位臺時維修費用進行了正態分佈擬合。
  16. Among direct factors are cost price, quality, brand, otherness. indirect factors are introverted and hidden in the market, which put impact on competitiven ess by interacting with direct factors. indirect factors lies in sessions of agricultural products producing, storing and fresh - retaining, processing, and marketing

    直接因素是在市場上體現出來的，是顯性的，消費者主要依據這些因素決策消費行為，包括價格、質量、品牌、差異性；間接因素是隱性的，不會在市場中直接表現，而是來自農產品的生產、貯藏、保鮮、加工、流通過程中，對直接因素發生作用，進而影響競爭力。
  17. The engendering source of traffic volumes and their general influential factors have been presented, and the situation of nowadays highway transportation has been discussed. according to the introduction of traffic distribution theory and classical assignment method, analysis of traffic flow path selection among cities and that of special influential factors for traffic flow on toll highways, initial analysis to the forming mechanism of traffic volume on road sections has been made, and a probability model for path selection has been set up with the maximum - utility theory and disaggregating model. detailed analysis to impedances on road sections and their functions ( especially to three main composing factors of the impedances as cost of time, transport and toll and to the functional relations with traffic loads ) was made, at the same time, the relative cost calculating model was set up on the basis of the state - of - art achievements in both international and national researches

    主要研究內容包括：交通量的產生根源及一般影響因素分析和當前公路運輸地位討論；從交通分配理論及經典配流方法著手，通過分析城市間交通流路徑選擇行為和收費公路路段交通量特殊影響因素，初步提出路段交通量的形成機理，並採用效用極大原理和非集結模型理論（ disaggregationmodel ） ，建立用戶出行路徑選擇概率模型；對路段阻抗及路阻函數（尤其對行程時間費用、車輛營運費用和道路收費這三個構成路段阻抗的主要因素及其與交通負荷間的函數關系）進行較為詳盡的分析，並以現階段國內外較為先進的研究成果為依據建立相應的成本測算模型，其中，特別提出了兩種確定客貨車輛時間價值的分析方法；離散分析法和時間-費率轉換法，後者是在目前基礎調查、統計數據資料不夠齊全的現實下提出的一種確定道路系統內務車型時間價值的較為實用的新方法；對我國公路收費政策的背景和理論、實踐依據及費率的各種影響因素進行重點分析；從數學的角度證明合理費率的存在性，並以最優化理論為基礎，建立在普通收費公路和擁擠路段交通調控型收費公路兩種模式下合理費率的計算模型等。
  18. As the carrier of knowledge and enterprise production element, human capital is the capital which is cohered to labor, transformed through capital invested fees, and is the representation of the labor skills and technique. or human capital present in the labor and it is the nonmaterial capital which is expressed through the quality and quantity of the labor. so the human capital becomes the key of the enterprise to exist and develop

    而人力資本作為知識載體和企業生產要素，是指凝結在勞動者身上，由資本投資費用轉化而來的，表現為勞動者技能和技巧的資本，是一種體現在勞動者身上，以勞動者的質量和數量所表示的非物質資本，也因此而成為企業賴以生存和發展的關鍵。
  19. Hong kong is rapidly running out of landfill space. the environmental protection department has exhorted people to " reduce, re - use, recycle ". now we are adding a fourth r : take responsibility for the waste they generate

    香港的堆填空間正迅速滿溢，環境保護署環保署過去以英語3r作口號的三大原則勸勉市民減廢再用回收再造，現在再增添第四元素責任：即消費者和生產者要承擔更大責任。
  20. Firstly, it introduced the current policies and laws about the land expropriation compensation, as well as the enforcement effect ; after defining the concept of compensation, it proposed the counter to perfect the land market based on the analysis of flow direction of land income ; and then the defective production factors market make it difficult to decide the land price, it went against the healthy development of society and economy, also it is disadvantageous of the system construction of the land tenure

    首先，本文介紹了我國各地方各個歷史時期有關征地補償的政策法規及其執行效果：並且界定了合理補償的定義，通過對土地收益流向的分析，提出建設和完善土地市場的措施；然後，指出當前不完善的生產要素市場，使得征地過程中土地補償費用的確定存在著問題，也使集體土地的產權制度、利益分配製度面臨著建設和完善。
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