由外而內測試 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yóuwàiērnèicèshì]
由外而內測試 英文
outside-in testing
  • 由 : causereason
  • 外 : Ⅰ名詞1 （外面） outside; external side 2 （外國） foreign country 3 （以外） besides; beyond; in ...
  • 內 : 名詞1. （內部; 里頭; 里邊） inner; inside; within 2. （妻子或妻子的親屬） one's wife or her relatives 3. （姓氏） a surname
  • 測 : 動詞1. （測量） survey; fathom; measure 2. （測度; 推測） conjecture; infer
  • 試 : 名詞（古代占卜用的器具） astrolabe
  • 測試 : test; testing; checkout; measurement
  1. Since the chip has interior sram and it ' s difficult and slow to test sram exteriorly, in chapter four we use the technique of bist in design of testability of sram, which makes it possible to test the memory at normal working speed

    由於片內有sram ，而sram的片外測試比較困難且速度較慢，所以文中第四章採用bist技術對sram進行了可測性設計，完成後可以用正常的工作速度對存儲器進行測試。
  2. Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

    基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。
  3. Ftir, thermal conductivity device and smart digital rounding temperature testing device are used to test the infrared absorption spectrum, thermal conductivity and temperature changes of the title coatings, it is concluded that when hudrotalcite and magnesium sulfate is mixed by 4 to 10, the heat insulation property is the best, and the temperature changes of nizi increased by 5 approximately compared with those without hydrotalcite and magnesium sulfate compound system, but the heat conduction coefficient is hardly increased because of the different mechanism of heat insulation of the fillers, which further prove that heat insulation with fillers is based on infrared barrier

    本文使用傅里葉變換紅外光譜儀、導熱系數儀和智能數字式巡迴檢測溫度測試儀分別測試了添加具有紅外阻隔能力填料的內墻塗料的紅外吸收光譜、導熱系數和溫度變化情況，通過測試結果得出結論：水滑石和硫酸鎂在質量比為4 : 10的時候，紅外阻隔性能最優，其溫差變化較沒有添加水滑石硫酸鎂復合體系時提高5左右，而對內墻塗料的導熱系數幾乎沒有影響，這是由於填料對塗料的保溫機理不同所致，同時也進一步驗證了填料是通過紅外阻隔來達到保溫效果的。
  4. The thermal wave nondestructive testing technology based on emissivity of the object, it can find surface and subsurface flaws in the composites of airplane through measuring difference in temperature between flaws and materials by active heating methods and inspection system

    摘要紅外熱波無損檢測基於物體的熱輻射特性，利用主動加熱技術，通過相關的檢測系統記錄試件表面缺陷和基體材料由於不同熱特性引起的溫度差異，進而判定飛機復合材料表面及內部的損傷。
  5. As testing result indicated that the concentration of benzene in the sample would be lower when benzene was released from it gradually, customs and excise department advised consumers to unpack the purchased goods and expose them in the open air for at least a week before using it indoor

    由於測試結果顯示苯成份水平會隨著揮發而漸見減少，因此海關提醒消費者，在購買塑膠軟地墊時，應在拆封後置于戶外通風處最少一星期才移至戶內使用。
  6. As the traditional navigation system ca n ' t satisfy the requirements of the autonomous underwater vehicles ( auv ) navigation and position. we study a depthometer - doppler - aided strapdown inertial navigation system ( ddsins ) in combination of the developments of periodic navigation technique and some practical problem posed by the mathematical and variation of output data of doppler, furthermore, the digital simulation and semiphysica test are made to verify the validity of the algorithm, the main research work are as follows : design of the strapdown inertial navigation system of auv

    由於傳統的導航系統很難滿足遠程水下航行器精確導航、定位的要求，本文在充分考慮使用特殊性的情況下，結合國內、外導航技術發展的實際狀況和發展方向，研究了水下航行器組合導航系統的誤差，重點解決了因多普勒輸出數據周期長和周期時變而給導航計算和濾波器設計帶來的問題，並進行了模擬和實物測試，模擬和實物測試結果表明本文所研究的設計方案合理，可以達到某型水下航行器導航、定位需要的精度。
  7. In this paper, a image processing method has been presented, with this method mean temperature of testing object can be arrived at from infrared picture and the interior temperature gradient of the test pieces in the situation of transient heat transfer can be got. unsteady - state heat transfer mechanism of wall has also been studied in this paper. on the basis of theoretical analysis and experimental study we can get such conclusions : infrared testing of energy conservation of buildings is rapider and more accurate than heat - flow meter method which is popular at present ; heat transfer mechanism in the situation of unsteady - state heat transfer has been analyzed through experiment ; the interior layers ’ temperature of the test pieces ascent in company with

    本文在理論分析和試驗研究的基礎上得出以下結論:本文研究的紅外檢測建築節能的方法比目前存在的熱流計法更快速、更準確;用試驗分析了墻體在非穩態傳熱情況下的傳熱機理;試件各層溫度隨著受熱面環境溫度的上升而上升，只是上升的程度不同，響應時間不同，這是由於試件內部有一個蓄熱過程;通過傳熱理論和建築熱工計算推導出了非穩態傳熱情況下的傳熱系數的計算公式;本文用matlab進行紅外圖片的處理，進而得到被測物的平均溫度;用數據處理軟體擬合溫度熱流。
  8. ( 2 ) because of t he variability of rock subjected to outside action, three new conceptions : postive damage basic damage and negative damage, are suggested, which can deal with the condition that rock density became large. ( 3 ) the present damage variables based on ct number mostly include ct average number of the rock without damage, which is difficult to measure, so a new damage variable, which includes the average ct number is proposed, on the other hand, strain equal theory is generalized because the one put foreword by lemaitre is not good enough to use. ( 4 ) a axial damage constitutive equation is proposed and testified. ( 5 ) with the circle times, the damage propagation laws of two different rocks, subjected to circle of freezing and thawing, are studied, and in the analysis process, traditional analysis method including average ct number and is used, some important conclusions are reached : inner damage of soft rock containing a large mount of apertures is largely propagating with the time increasement of circle, however, at the preliminary time, the hard rock containing a small mount of aperture is a little propagating, at late time, the influence become large ; ( 6 ) zone separation and statistics frequency put forward is used to analysized the three different damage propagation in the open circumstance, when they are subjected to the different circle times of freezing and thawing, in which the temperature variability is linear, different freezing rate, and different freezing temperature, and no water is supplied during the test

    在研究過程中本文主要做了以下工作： （ 1 ）針對巖石損傷變化較小時，運用ct均值和方差分析不方便的缺陷，本文提出運用對ct數范圍劃分區段的方法，根據各區段統計頻率的變化規律來分析損傷擴展狀況； （ 2 ）針對巖石受到外部作用的多變性，本文提出了基準損傷，正損傷，負損傷的概念，在某種程度上考慮了巖石受到外部作用時的壓密情況； （ 3 ）現有的基於ct數的損傷變量大多需要用到巖石基體的ct均值，這實際上是很難觀測到的，因此本文建議了一個可運用巖石初始狀態ct均值的損傷變量，由於現有的勒邁特教授應變等價原理使用上的不便，本文在其基礎上進行了推廣； （ 4 ）建議了一個可用巖石初始狀態ct數和彈性模量的單軸損傷本構方程，並用算例進行了驗證； （ 5 ）對兩種不同巖石在開放環境下受到凍融循環作用且融化過程中補水時，內部損傷隨凍融循環次數增加的擴展規律進行了探討，主要運用了常規的ct均值和ct方差的分析方法進行分析，試驗發現：對于孔隙率和含水率較高，密度和強度較低的軟弱巖石，凍融循環次數對損傷結構的擴展有明顯的影響，而對于孔隙率和含水率較低，密度和強度較高的硬巖，凍融循環次數對其損傷結構擴展初期由於含水率低的原因，影響不是太大，而後期由於水補給后，含水率較高的原因，凍融影響逐漸增大； （ 6 ）運用了本文提出的區段劃分和統計頻率的方法，深入地分析了開放環境下的線性溫度變化的凍融循環次數，凍結溫度，凍結速度不同巖石作用時，其內部損傷隨凍融循環次數，凍結速度和凍結溫度變化的擴展規律，需要指出的是除了在試驗前飽水外，凍融過程中沒有補水。
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