由底向上設計 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [yóudexiàngshàngshèjì]
由底向上設計 英文
bottom-udesign
  • 由 : causereason
  • 底 : 底助詞（用在定語后, 表示定語和中心詞之間是領屬關系, 現在多寫作「的」）
  • 上 : 上名詞[語言學] （指上聲） falling-rising tone
  • 設 : Ⅰ動詞1 （設立; 布置） set up; establish; found 2 （籌劃） work out : 設計陷害 plot a frame up; fr...
  • 計 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算） count; compute; calculate; number 2 （設想; 打算） plan; plot Ⅱ名詞1 （測量或計算...
  • 設計 : devise; project; plan; design; excogitation; layout; layout work; styling
  1. A patch antenna with air holes in the substrate has been designed. the finite - difference time - domain ( fdtd ) method together with the perfectly matched layer ( pml ) boundary treatment has been used to study the performance of the antenna. it is shown that the surface waves are significiently suppressed, the frequency bandwidth is improved, the sidelobe levels are reduced and consequently the gain in the forward direction is improved by 14 db ( about 4 db higher than the value reported previously )

    設計了一種基底鉆周期圓孔結構的電磁（光子）晶體貼片天線，用fdtd方法並結合pml吸收邊界條件對該天線進行了研究，結果表明本文所設計的基底鉆孔型電磁晶體貼片天線取得了多方面的性能改善，與普通天線相比，基底中的表面波受到很大抑制，天線的帶寬增加，遠場方向圖上天線的旁瓣和背瓣被明顯削弱，向前輻射的增益由原來的12db增加到26db ，增加了14db ，比文獻上報道的gonzalo等人的研究結果提高了4db 。
  2. ( 2 ) the stress caused by heat of hydration during construction is mainly distributed in the beams, and girders and stress in slab was smaller ; during service process, the stress caused by difference in temperature in different seasons is mainly distributed in bottom components ; the stress caused by difference of inside and outside temperature is mainly distributed in peripheral components of building ; the stress caused by difference in temperature due to sunlight is mainly distributed in the components exposed to the sun. ( 3 ) the control methods brought forward such as setting the reasonable stripping time reducing cast temperature of concrete setting after - treatment joint inflicting prestress arranging steel for construction requirement and so on are effective and their application may be extended

    在使用期，由季節溫差作用引起的結構內力主要分佈在底層構件上；由內外溫差引起的內力主要分佈在建築物外圍構件上；由日照溫差引起內力主要分佈在向陽面的構件上； （ 3 ）在施工階段，可採取使用導熱性能較好的模板、合理設計拆模時間、降低澆築溫度等措施來減小水化熱引起的結構內力；採用設置后澆帶的措施來減小結構在整體降溫情況下產生的溫度內力。
  3. We suggested one kind of planar metamaterials with periodic patterns tiled by two resonant components, which consist of triangular and pentagonal patch arrays and a metallic ground plate interconnected by via arrays together

    摘要設計了一種由兩種不同諧振單元套構而成並按周期排列組成的平面型異向性材料，該平面結構由三角形和五邊型的金屬貼片周期平鋪構成上表面，並通過金屬化導孔與下底板的金屬底板連接。
  4. We design the chip ftlvds by means of " top - down " and " bottom - up " mixed tecknique

    Ftlvds晶元採用了「自頂向下」和「由底向上」相結合的正向設計方法。
  5. And some design methods of the decision - making subsystem are introduced. secondly, as the important component of the soccer robot system, the decision - making subsystem, the design method of it is discussed. from bottom to top, the paper gives the denotation means of the entity, the design method of the action, the role of the robot and the order that all robots behave, and describe the process of the design

    特別的，論文對足球機器人系統的關鍵組成部分? ?決策子系統的設計方法進行研究，從足球機器人系統中的實體表示、機器人的動作設計、機器人所承擔的角色和整個隊伍在比賽中呈現的隊形等方面進行了詳細地說明討論，由底向上地闡述了設計決策子系統的一般流程。
  6. It emphasize in the macro view that we should enhance the lawmaking, develop association about engineering cost management, and broaden the service field of the organization on engineering cost consultation etc. from the micro view, considering that the architecture ' s price may be totally formed by the market and it may connect with international tradition, we discussed how to ferry stream from quota price to bill - quantity price, how to ferry stream from government making - price to enterprise free making - price. also we discussed how to compile bill - of - quantity, how to determine price of bidding strategies of bidding and how to quote price under the bill - of - quantity model. study of a certain reasonable low price, problems and countermeasures of the lowest bid approach in making bid and inviting bid has been discussed too

    強調：宏觀上，工程造價管理要加強立法、加強工程造價管理協會的建設、拓寬工程造價咨詢機構的服務面等；微觀上，針對建築產品價格完全由市場形成及與國際慣例接軌的要求，討論在剛剛開始推行工程量清單計價模式下，如何使定額計價向工程量清單計價過渡，建築產品如何由政府定價向企業自主定價過渡，以及工程量清單編制、標底價格的確定、施工企業的投標報價；研究在工程招投標過程中， 「合理低價」的確定方法，無標底招標可能出現的問題及對策；最後提出費用組成及計價方式的改革，使得工程造價更符合工程的實際情況，更有利於企業間的競爭。
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