直接降水量 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhíjiējiàngshuǐliáng]
直接降水量 英文
throughfall
  • 直 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （成直線的; 硬挺的） straight; stiff 2 （跟地面垂直的; 從上到下的; 從前到后的） erect; v...
  • 接 : Ⅰ動詞1 （靠近;接觸） come into contact with; come close to 2 （連接; 使連接） connect; join; put ...
  • 降 : 降動詞1. （投降） surrender; capitulate 2. （降伏） subdue; vanquish; tame
  • 水 : 名詞1 （由兩個氫原子和一個氧原子結合而成的液體） water 2 （河流） river 3 （指江、河、湖、海、洋...
  • 量 : 量動1. （度量） measure 2. （估量） estimate; size up
  • 直接 : direct; immediate
  • 降水量 : precipitation; amount of precipitation降水量計 precipitation gage; 降水量學 hyetology
  1. Being a liquid containing high organic pollutants, brewery wastewater may not only lead to environmental pollution, but also decreas e the utilization ratio of raw material used in beer production. therefore, many sc holars and breweries have paid much attention to developing new techniques for t reating and making use of brewery wastewater. this paper makes a comparison among various new techniques on the basis of analyzing the sources and characteristic s of brewery wastewater. it is concluded that a single technique can not effectiv ely remove the contamination from brewery wastewater, and only the combination of various techniques can achieve great benefits both in economy and in environment. thus, several proposals are put forward for future research

    啤酒廢水中有機物的含量較高，如直接排放，既污染環境，又降低啤酒工業的原料利用率.為此，許多學者和廠家對啤酒廢水的處理與利用技術進行了研究.本文在闡述啤酒廢水的來源及特點的基礎上，對幾種常見的處理利用技術進行了比較，結論是：單一的處理和利用技術不能從根本上解決啤酒廢水的污染問題，只有將多種技術結合使用，才能達到經濟效益和環境效益的統一.最後，對未來的研究方向提出了幾點建議
  2. Tricepstrum equalization algorithm ( btea ) and super - exponential ( se ) algorithm based on block data estimation is studied, and these algorithms use hos explicitly. their performance, such as estimation variance and bias, is analyzed. a kind of sparse cross cumulant and sparse equalizer is proposed to simplify the se algorithm, and the simulating results show efficient reduction in complication

    ?研究了幾種直接使用高階統計量的演算法，包括基於數據段估計的倒三譜演算法和超指數演算法，分析了演算法的估計方差和偏差等性能；由於超指數演算法計算量較大，不利於實時均衡，利用水聲通道的稀疏性，提出了一種基於稀疏互四階累積量和稀疏權的演算法，有效降低了超指數演算法的計算量。
  3. The results indicated that the dimension, shape and purity of base material could meet the functional demand of solid lubricant ; the thermal decomposition temperature of ptfe resin exceeds 400 c, but organic and inorganic packing filler added in ptfe made the water absorption rate of composite material increased, melting temperature and decomposition temperature decreased, in the meanwhile oxidative decomposition reaction was accompanied ; polar groups such as c = o, c - o - c and so on in the carbon fiber surface is advantageous to increase compatibility with other components and interlayer shearing strength ; uniform design experimental method could help to find the relationship between formula and frictional property by relatively small tests. the developing trend of each formula ' s friction coefficient could be showed by fitting curve ; the friction coefficient with no copper powder or graphite in formula was relatively big. this fact showed that copper powder and graphite should be used cooperatively ; it was found that when the ratio of copper powder to graphite by weight is 15 : 60, 30 : 30 - 40 and 60 : 15 - 30 respectively, the friction coefficient was relatively small. the degree of crystallinity of pure ptfe reached maximum by air cooling and the abrasion loss also reached maximum among three ones ; at the same time, the abrasion loss of solid lubricant sample was also the biggest among three ones ; when solid lubricant matched with 45 # steel axle or gcrl5 steel axle, lubricant transfer film could be formed on metal surface, thus direct contact between the surface of metal friction pair rings was reduced. their working life was elongated extremely ; there was mainly much graphite, a little ptff, moo3, feso4, cus and so on in lubricant transfer film

    試驗結果表明：所選原料的尺寸、形狀及純度可滿足固體潤滑劑的性能要求；聚四氟乙烯樹脂熱分解溫度超過400 ，但在ptfe中加入無機填料會使復合材料吸水率提高，熔融溫度及分解溫度降低，且伴有氧化分解反應；碳纖維表面含有c = o及c - o - c等極性基團，有利於提高其與其它組分的相容性，提高層間剪切強度；均勻設計試驗方法能夠用較少的試驗次數找出配方與摩擦性能間的關系，擬合曲線基本能表示各配方的摩擦系數發展趨勢；配方中不加銅粉或不加石墨，其摩擦系數均較高，說明銅粉和石墨應該配合使用；當銅粉15份、石墨60份時，銅粉30份、石墨30 - 40份時，銅粉60 、石墨15 - 30份時，摩擦系數均具有較低值；純聚四氟乙烯樹脂在空氣冷卻時結晶度最大，磨損量也是三者中最大的；同時，固體潤滑劑試樣在空氣冷卻時的磨損量也是三者中最大的：不論是固體潤滑劑與45 #鋼軸配副或是固體潤滑劑鑲嵌入銅套后與gcr15鋼軸配副，在金屬表面均可形成潤滑轉移膜，從而減少金屬摩擦副表面間的直接接觸，大大延長其使用壽命;轉移膜中主要含有較多的石墨、少量聚四氟乙烯、 moo 。
  4. Ii ) runoff erosivity reflects relationship of water erosion forces and sediment yield more directly than rainfall erosivity. it intergrated ability of runoff volume and flood peak on detaching soil and transporting sediment and is more reasonable than single runoff depth or flood peak volume

    （ 2 ）以徑流侵蝕力代替降雨侵蝕力來反映水蝕營力與產沙量的關系更加直接，而且綜合了徑流量與洪峰在剝蝕土壤和搬運泥沙能力，比單獨運用徑流深或洪峰流量更加合理。
  5. The collapsible loess is often met during the construction of the high - grade highway in the loess area, and the main failure is the uneven subsidence of the roadbed and the culvert, which affects the safe usage of the roadbed and the culvert, etc. directed against this, based on the chankou - lanzhou freeway construction, the paper analyzes the application of the composite ground formed by lime - soil pile under the bridge and designs the project, discusses the rules of the contact pressure, the stress ratio of the pile and the soil, compares the p - s curves of one pile, the composite ground formed by one pile and the composite ground formed by two piles based on the in - situ plate loading test, evaluates the bearing capacity of the composite ground of the project

    黃土地區的高等級公路建設中經常遇到濕陷性黃土問題，其病害類型主要是地基土受水浸濕后引起路基、橋臺、涵洞等的不均勻沉降，直接影響路基、構造物等的正常使用。針對此問題，本文依託甘肅讒口至蘭州柳溝河高速公路建設工程，對橋基灰土樁復合地基應用的可行性進行了深入分析，根據具體工程進行了合理的設計與計算，並配合現場靜載荷試驗及壓力盒實測數據，探討了基底應力分佈規律，樁土應力比，變形模量的變化關系，對比分析了單樁、單樁復合和雙樁復合的p ? s關系，對橋基灰土樁復合地基承載力進行了整體評價。
  6. As compared with the conventional straight well, the horizontal well can greatly increase the contact area between well and reservoir, change the filtrational mode in the vicinity of wellbore in the reservoir and reduce filtrational resistance, thus obtaining higher oil and gas production by a relatively low producing pressure difference

    摘要同常規的垂直井相對比，採用水平井開采能夠大幅度增加油氣井與油氣藏的接觸面積，改變油氣藏中井筒附近區域的滲流方式，降低滲流阻力，進而可以利用較低的生產壓差來實現更高的油氣產量。
  7. The automation of coal flotation has been wandering for many years in china. the production efficiency is relatively low because of the feed forward control which adds the flotation reagent based on the fine coal in feed slurry, ignoring the quantity and quality of the products. aiming at this problem, method of measuring the flotation technical parameters was studied, the slurry level meter and the slurry ash - measuring device were worked out, and the computer control system of the coal flotation was designed. the feedback control was realized by using the fuzzy logic control control technology to regulate the reagent addition and the slurry level in the flotation tank according to the concentrate ash content detectedby the coal slurry ash - measuring device developed. the industrial experiment indicates that the performance inedxes of the coal slurry ashmeasuring device have come up to the advanced levek of the world. the application of the detection and control system in huaibei coal preparation plant results in a high concentrate recovery, a decrease of the reagent consumption, ensuring a highly efficient operation

    浮選自動化在我國多年來徘徊不前，一直採用根據入浮煤漿中的干煤泥量來確定加藥量的前饋控制方法，而不直接以產品的數質量指標作為控制目標，導致浮選生產效率較低.針對上述問題，研究了浮選工藝參數的檢測方法，開發了浮選漿位儀和煤漿測灰儀，設計了浮選計算機控制系統，它根據煤漿測灰儀旁線檢測的精煤灰分，運用模糊控制技術，通過調整浮選藥劑添加量和浮選機漿位，來實現浮選過程的反饋控制.工業性試驗表明，煤漿測灰儀的性能指標接近國外先進水平.煤泥浮選測控系統在淮北選煤廠的現場使用，使浮選生產在精煤灰分合格的前提下，得到了較高的產率，並降低了藥劑用量，從而保證選煤廠高效率地運行
  8. Abstract : the automation of coal flotation has been wandering for many years in china. the production efficiency is relatively low because of the feed forward control which adds the flotation reagent based on the fine coal in feed slurry, ignoring the quantity and quality of the products. aiming at this problem, method of measuring the flotation technical parameters was studied, the slurry level meter and the slurry ash - measuring device were worked out, and the computer control system of the coal flotation was designed. the feedback control was realized by using the fuzzy logic control control technology to regulate the reagent addition and the slurry level in the flotation tank according to the concentrate ash content detectedby the coal slurry ash - measuring device developed. the industrial experiment indicates that the performance inedxes of the coal slurry ashmeasuring device have come up to the advanced levek of the world. the application of the detection and control system in huaibei coal preparation plant results in a high concentrate recovery, a decrease of the reagent consumption, ensuring a highly efficient operation

    文摘:浮選自動化在我國多年來徘徊不前，一直採用根據入浮煤漿中的干煤泥量來確定加藥量的前饋控制方法，而不直接以產品的數質量指標作為控制目標，導致浮選生產效率較低.針對上述問題，研究了浮選工藝參數的檢測方法，開發了浮選漿位儀和煤漿測灰儀，設計了浮選計算機控制系統，它根據煤漿測灰儀旁線檢測的精煤灰分，運用模糊控制技術，通過調整浮選藥劑添加量和浮選機漿位，來實現浮選過程的反饋控制.工業性試驗表明，煤漿測灰儀的性能指標接近國外先進水平.煤泥浮選測控系統在淮北選煤廠的現場使用，使浮選生產在精煤灰分合格的前提下，得到了較高的產率，並降低了藥劑用量，從而保證選煤廠高效率地運行
  9. By the use of parameterized modeling technology to carry out design directly facing the product may enhance the design quality, shorten the designing period, lower the cost of trial - produce, reserve the designing experience and raise the level of management, thus provided support for the whole life cycle of product ' s design and manufacturing

    應用參數化建模技術來直接面對產品進行設計，可以提高設計質量，縮短設計周期，降低試製成本，保存設計經驗和提高管理水平，為產品的設計和製造的整個生命周期提供支持。
  10. Annual precipitation series about 50 years is stable and no period ; further, the climate drying and desertification are n ' t caused directly by the decrease of precipitation during the period of the research according to the relational analysis among precipitation temporal - spatial change, runoff, evaporation, potential evapotranspiration and soil water ; longyangxia reservoir which was built in 1986 does n ' t have influence on precipitation up to now ; but annual temperature series in gonghe is unstable, having a linear upward trend, and it increases about 0. 0247, 0. 0422 and 0. 0272c per year, and temperature rise must be having an influence on desertification, but there is a very little temperature change, so that the effect is very small ; annual potential evapotranspiration series is stable too, so climate change has little influence on plant water consumption. 2

    在青海共和盆地，近50年的年降雨量序列是平穩的、無周期，其時空變化與徑流、蒸發、潛在蒸散和土壤水分的關系表明，氣候乾燥和嚴重的荒漠化不是由於降雨量減少直接引起，龍羊峽水庫對共和盆地年降雨量變化沒有影響；但是年氣溫序列是非平穩的，茶卡、恰卜恰和貴南的年氣溫平均每年升高0 . 0247 、 0 . 0422和0 . 0272 ，且氣溫升高2 ，年潛在蒸散增加57mm ，盆地內氣候逐漸變乾燥，但影響比較小；由於歷年潛在蒸散序列是平穩的，因此氣候變化對盆地的作物潛在蒸散的影響在研究期內是較小的。
  11. Results of experiment b demonstrate that a convergence zone of wind vector and water vapour with dense pressure gradient is formed alone the coast after tc ' s outer circulation encountering land, which results in more precipitation

    試驗b的結果顯示，熱帶氣旋外圈環流與陸地接觸後到中心登陸前後，沿海岸線一直存在一條氣壓梯度相對密集的風矢量、水汽輻合帶，引起該處降水增多。
  12. The author validate that precipitation is the source of juzhai valley by using of isotopic. changhai in the recharge area receives the precipitation and thawing water, which drains along the rupture towards rize valley and jiuzhai valley so changhai has the important effect on the whole area

    運用回歸方法得山位於補給區的長海之水來源於大氣降水的冰雪融水，並沿斷裂補給到日則溝和九寨溝，因此長海水量多寡來源直接到本區湖泊水體的穩定。
  13. Secondly, in combination with basic physical experimentation of the henan item “ study on embankment settlement mechanism and development rule for highway in the silt soil region ”, the mechanics speciality of silty soil is completely cognized and realized, through the laboratory experimentation of three kind of classical silty soil in puyang city. the experimentation include laboratory physical mechanism test, static compaction test, direct shear test, permeability test. and also analysis the influence of water content on soil ’ s shear strength, permeability and other mechanism character

    其次，結合河南項目「粉砂土地區高速公路路基沉降機理及其發展規律研究」課題的基本物理試驗部分，通過對濮陽市三種典型的粉質土的室內物性力學性質試驗、標準擊實試驗、直接剪切試驗、滲透試驗等一系列試驗研究，對粉質土的各力學特性進行全面系統的認識和了解，分析了含水量對粉質土的抗剪強度、滲透性等力學性質的影響。
  14. There is no direct relation between the o2 flux, crystal type and reaction rate. with the o2 flux rising, the photocata lysed efficiency decreases while the hydrophilicity increases

    氧氣流量對晶體類型和反應速率沒有直接的影響，隨著氧氣流量的增加，薄膜的光催化性能下降，親水性上升。
  15. With the utilization of oil - methanol - water composite fuels, constructions of diesel engines which are existing in our country, especially in the countryside, need not to be modified so that the investment of equipment can be reduced, and coarse methanol containing impurities can be utilized to cut down the costs

    使用柴油-甲醇-水三元乳化燃料，可以不改變發動機的結構，直接利用社會上，特別是農村現有的大量的柴油機，減少設備投資費用；而且可以使用工業甲醇，降低使用成本，同時降低了大氣污染，有利於社會推廣。
  16. Therefore, there is a whole significance to study the soil erosion mechanism and to explore methods and measures to reduce the soil loss of hillslope of

    研究發現壕中流的產生與降雨強度無直接關系，而與土壤前期含水量和地面坡度有關
  17. Through the statistics and analysis of runoff and amount of sand lost in the downstream of weihe in recent years, it is discovered that in the downstream of weihe the magnitude sand season was ahead of the main flood season relatively within the year ; variation tendency of annual runoff and amount of sand lost was identical basically, and the quantity of water and sand at huaxian gauging station was tailing - off continuously from the 1960 to 2005 ; there was direct relation between the situation of rushing or silting deposits and rainfall at this section of the river : the river depositing in the year which is rich rainfall, the eroding in the poor rainfall

    摘要本文通過對近6年渭河下游水沙量數據的統計和分析得出，渭河下遊河段年內多沙期較河流主汛期有所提前；年徑流量和年輸沙量的變化趨勢基本一致，而且自60年代至2005年華縣站的水沙量持續呈遞減趨勢；河流的沖淤情況與該河段的降雨量有著直接的關系，當年平均降雨量小的時候河流以淤積為主，當年平均降雨量大的時候河流以沖蝕為主。
  18. With the disturbance of random wave the ship will inevitably roll and result in the ship ' s incline, especially, for small ships which the most obliquity of the ship is likely to reach above degree 15. in the actual combat the rolling movement of the ship will result in difficult control of the artillery for the artillerymen on the ship, reduce the artillery ' s probability of shots, and affect the power of the artillery by direct control of the object ( artillery ) fixed on the ship it can be kept horizontal state all the time

    尤其是對大量的小型艦船，船體的最大傾角甚至可達到15以上。在實戰中，船舶的搖蕩將造成炮手對船載火炮的操縱性能降低，降低火炮的發射命中率，影響到船載火炮威力的發揮。通過直接控制固連于船體的火炮，使其始終保持在水平狀態，可以提高實戰中火炮的操縱性能，提高火炮的命中率。
  19. The assimilation experimentation results indicate that after assimilating radar wind field of small spatial scale, mesoscale and small - scale precipitation prediction can be improved and mesoscale and small - scale information which ca n ' t appear by tradition datum can be gained, which is valuable to analyze the mesoscale and small - scale system structure ; the effect assimilating radar humidity field is n ' t obvious, which is perhaps correlation with precipitation types and assimilating time. the results also show that adding radar humidity field to initial condition at initial time can supply the gap of the regular data in reflecting the mesoscale and small - scale systems, strengthen the humidity in the initial field, and eventually help to improve precipitation. the experiment of assimilating radar wind field and radar humility field at the same time shows that vapor transportation and local vapor divergence play more significant role in causing excessively heavy rain than only high wet center

    同化試驗結果表明：同化空間解析度很高的雷達風場后，能改善中小尺度降水的預報效果，並且能夠得到常規觀測資料所不能得到的中小尺度信息，對分析中小尺度系統結構具有重要意義；同化雷達濕度場效果不明顯，可能與降水類型和同化時刻有關；而直接在初始時刻加入雷達濕度場，補充了常規資料在反映中小尺度系統方面的不足，增強了初始場中的水汽，有利於降水量的增加；同時同化雷達風場和雷達濕度場的試驗表明，水汽的輸送和局地的水汽輻合對于產生特大暴雨的貢獻遠大於僅有高濕中心的貢獻。
  20. The utilize and popularization of the internet and electronic technique make the interior and exterior information mostly symmetrical. the corporation endeavor to gain the cost advantage on the basis of satisfaction with the technology, quality, service and function for existing and development. the ability to reduce production cost, improve the competent status will be the best check for the corporation management and technology level, also be the powerful weapon to make the corporation at the favorable situation

    但是，隨著電子信息、網路技術的普及與利用，使得市場中企業面臨的外部環境與信息相對對稱，企業為了生存和發展，在保證滿足用戶對產品技術，質量，功能和服務的要求的前提下，都在不遺餘力地為獲得成本優勢而努力，能否在提高（或不損壞）企業競爭地位的前提下降低產品成本，將是對企業的管理水平和技術水平的直接檢驗，也是提升企業競爭力，使企業在市場運作中立於不敗之地的有力武器。
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