直線換向 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zhíxiànhuànxiàng]
直線換向
英文
straight line commutation-
The thermal visualizations of jet impingement cooling with single or double row holes inside semi - enclosed channel are measured by using infrared camera and then the impingement cooling heat transfer coefficients are deduced. the effects of flow and geometry parameters on convective heat coefficients are obtained. the results show that : for a single row normal impingement, the impingement cooling effectiveness is enhanced with the increase of impinging reynolds number or the decrease of hole space to diameter ratio, and the best effectiveness is achieved under the jet - to - surface spacing equals to 2 ; when the jet is oblique to the confined wall, the cooling effectiveness is weaken especially under the jet - to - surface spacing ratio is greater than 2 ; for double rows normal impingement cooling, the cooling effectiveness of rear row jet is weaker than the front row under lower impinging reynolds number or bigger jet - to - surface spacing
對于單排垂直射流，沖擊冷卻效果隨射流雷諾數的增加、孔間距與直徑比的減小而得到提高，沖擊間距比為2時換熱效果最好;沖擊孔中心線向通道封閉一側傾斜后，射流沖擊冷卻的范圍變窄，當沖擊間距比大於2時駐點區的對流換熱能力明顯降低;對于雙排沖擊射流，孔排間距與直徑比的增加使沖擊冷卻范圍變大，但在兩排孔之間區域的對流換熱系數有所下降;在較小的沖擊射流雷諾數和較大的沖擊間距比下，後排射流的沖擊換熱效果要遜於前排射流。Due to the short distance among the planes which fly in a group, the conventional low resolution radar can not distinguish them in both distance and azimuth ? if we use the technology of isar to resolve the difference among doppler frequency of the targets and obtain a fine resolution cross - cross image, we may separate them, but a long time of coherent processing is needed <, for the formation targets, it can be approximately divided to rigid body and nonrigid body, so for the formation targets, that can be regarded as rigid which has a relative position and an identical movement, can be approximately considered as a large target, and be compensated by translational phase with the rule of minimum entropy, but for the most those cannot accord with the approximation of rigid, being the doppler - frequency of the aim is linear changed, by the relax method with short data, increases the resolving performance of multiple target to the aim in the frequency domain, since cross - range resolution is based on the accumulative time, so it is greatly improve the resolution to formation targets by the instant cross - range image which produced by radon - wigner transformation
低分辨isan成像及干涉技術應用研究一因此直接無法分辨編隊目標的架數，我們借鑒isar的技術，通過較長時間的相干積累，在多普勒頻域上對目標進行分辨。而對于編隊目標，可分為近似剛性的多目標和非剛性的多目標，所以對于可以近似為剛體的編隊目標相對位置固定，運動方式一致，可以近似看作一個大目標，採用最小墑準則對平動相位的進行補償，但是大多數並不滿足剛體近似的編隊目標，由於目標在相干積累時間的多普勒頻率近似呈線性變化，通過對較短數據利用relax的時頻分析方法，提高了頻率域上目標分辨的性能。由於橫向解析度取塊于橫向積累時間，所以利用radnwigner變換得到瞬時的一維橫向距離像大大提高了對編隊目標的分辨，對模擬和實測數據的大量分析結果表明此方法的有效性和可行。This paper discussed the coordinate transformation method of wgs84 coordinate system to 1954 - beijing gauss grid coordinate. introduced transformation model of wgs84 to beijing 54 and computing method of transformation parameter. according to different model and computing method, computed and compared with the result combine real data
本文詳細討論了wgs84大地坐標轉換到北京54坐標系下的高斯平面坐標的方法，重點介紹了wgs84和北京54的空間直角坐標的轉換模型及轉換參數的計算方法，並根據不同的模型和計算方法結合實際數據進行計算和結果的比較，認為採用基線向量求解的四參數模型具有較高的轉換精度，分區變換和提高控制點精度也能提高轉換的精度。Design engineers now selecting pmbldc motors over conventional dc or induction motor drives for the following reasons : 1 ) the absence of brushes results in an essentially maintenance free operation and eliminates the undesirable effects of commutation such as sparks, brush - loss, radio - frequency interference, etc. 2 ) the low inertia of the rotor enhances the quality of the mechanical response of the motor, shortening the acceleration and deceleration time. 3 ) utilizing rare - earth permanent magnet materials with high coercive force results in substantially higher efficiency than their counterpart with brushes of the same size. 4 ) because of the absence of commutation segments, the stator construction is simple
現在的工程師們更為青睞永磁無刷直流電動機是因為以下幾點原因： （ 1 ）去除了電刷的永磁無刷直流電動機徹底地免除了維護而且消除了我們不希望的由於換向帶來的火花、電刷損耗以及無線電干擾等等； （ 2 ）低轉動慣量的轉子提高了電機機械響應的質量，從而縮短了電機加速和減速的時間； （ 3 ）高矯頑力稀土永磁材料的使用使得同樣尺寸的永磁無刷直流電動機比傳統的直流電動機效率高； （ 4 ）由於沒有機械換向部分定子的結構簡單了。The bias magnetic field of the bias coil driven by bias current and small signal test current, results in the induced signal of the control coil. the terminal voltage of the control coil is detected by the test circuit. then the signal containing the information of rotor displacement is obtained, from which we can get the dc voltage signal proportional to the rotor displacement through half - wave rectification circuit and low pass circuit. this dc signal is put into a pid controller to get the control signal of the rotor displacement
偏置測試電路向偏置線圈輸入偏置電流和小信號測試電流，兩者產生的偏置磁場在控制線圈產生感應信號，檢測電路檢測控制線圈端電壓並提取含有轉子位移信息的電壓信號，該信號經半波整流電路和低通濾波電路后得到與轉子位移成正比例的直流信號，再由pid控制器轉換為轉子位移的控制信號，最後控制信號輸入功放電路產生控制電流，實現閉環控制。In other words, the vertical component of its linear momentum remains zero, since there is no resultant vertical force.
換句話說，因為沒有豎直方向的合力，所以線動量的豎直方向仍為零。Directly painting textures on top of 3d objects in 3d perspective viewport is a new issue of human - computer interface ( hci ). this paper presents a method to solve this issue. it converts the position information of the texture pixels of texture map into color information ， and then transfers both the coordinates and the color of texture pixels into screen through texture mapping at the same time. only is the color information of texture pixels converted into illumination by calculating the normal and the angle of ray incidence of the screen pixel in the method. the texture coordinates are firstly converted into the color information by generating another texture map ， which is called information map whose pixels ' color represents the coordinates information. and then the corresponding texture coordinates are mapped into screen reference frame by texture mapping and stored into information buffer for later use. so we can obtain the texture coordinates of screen pixels correspondingly by decoding from information buffer. after optimizing ， we can paint textures on top of 3d objects in 3d perspective viewport in real time. the paper also gives some examples and related definitions of using additional information of 2d texture map for 3d graph generating
針對三維逶視投影視圖中對三維物體表面紋理直接進行噴繪，以獲得復雜紋理圖這一計算機圖形交互技術這一新問題，研究了一種將紋理圖的象素位置信息轉換成彩色信息，然後利用紋理映射將紋理坐標連同該點上的顏色值一起傳遞到與屏幕象素對應的可見點上的方法，其中顏色值依該點處的入射光線方向和表面法向被進一步轉換為光強值，而紋理坐標則被解碼后還原成與該可見點對應的紋理坐標，被存入信息緩沖器中，供以後使用，通過解碼，可根據屏幕點直接得到對應紋理象素點的坐標，經過演算法優化，實現了對三維物體表面紋理的實時噴繪；同時闡述了在三維圖象生成技術中使用附加紋理信息的應用實例以及相關定義As a non - linear and multi - coupled system, the control of the ac induction motor ( acim ) has long been challenging. thanks to the vector control algorithm, acim can offer the same control capabilities and dynamic performance as traditional high - performance dc motors. with the vector control algorithm, the stator current of acim can be expressed in two orthogonal axes, and thus the rotor flux part and torque are de - coupled
交流感應電機難于控制是因為它是一個非線性、多耦合的系統，矢量控制演算法通過坐標變換將異步電機的定子電流分解為轉子磁鏈方向和與之垂直方向的兩個分量分別進行控制，從而實現轉子磁通和轉矩的解耦，使得交流感應電機的動態性能可以和直流電機媲美。Third installation at laporte, indiana. earliest use of switch with semi - cylindrical bank and shaft with vertical and rotary motions. invention of earliest dial - type calling device
印第安納州拉波特完成史端喬系統第三次安裝。最早使用具有半圓形排線架的交換機和具有垂直和旋轉運動方向的軸。發明早期撥號型呼叫設備。When the direction of the line movement which we already know or we can get the direction by using other methods is not horizontal, we can use line transformation to transform the horizontal direction
如果我們事先知道或者通過其他方法確定出來的直線運動方向不是水平方向時，我們可以通過坐標旋轉變換到水平方向。So the mirror and mechanical part can be fabricated in a one - level mask step by bulk micromachning of ( 100 ) with koh etching. we can on off the light path and switch the light exchange by controlling the movement of mirror
本論文使用傳統的koh腐蝕液，利用硅材料的各向異性的特點，加工出了垂直於襯底表面的微鏡結構，利用這種微鏡結構可以完成光線的切換，實現光路的開關功能。Then, taking into account the effect of the compression of the approach roadway and the differential slope of the bridge slab, the author analyzes the dynamic response of man - vehicle - road system when the vehicle approaches and leaves the bridge by means of laplace transform, the curve of man ' s acceleration versus time, the vertical force between the vehicle and road versus time, the man ' s maximum transient vibration value and the maximum force between the vehicle and road are got, and the program about the calculating progress above are edited. based on the analysis above, the influence on the maximum transient vibration value of some parameters about the vehicle and road such as the movement direction and speed and weight of the vehicle, the differential slope of the bridge slab and the length of the approach slab, are studied, and some conclusion are given
分上橋和下橋兩種情況，考慮車路耦合和橋面沉降坡差的影響，對車輛通過設和不設搭板的路橋過渡段時「人?車?路」系統的相互作用用拉普拉斯變換法進行了動力響應分析，得到了人的加速度及路面對車的垂直作用力隨時間的變化曲線、人的加速度最大瞬態振動值和路面對車的最大作用力，分析了車輛的行進方向、速度和載重，橋面沉降坡差和搭板長度等車和路各參數對計算結果的影響，並編制了相應的計算程序。Telecommunications - installation interfaces - direct - inward - dialing analog voicegrade switched access using loop reverse - battery signaling
電信.網路與用戶裝置介面.利用環路反向電池信令的直接向內撥號模擬音頻轉換訪問線路A last tip for the upward transition halt to trot : in your training, teach the horse to move off straight into trot, using plenty of impulsion
立定向上變換到快步的最後一項指導：訓練的時候，教你的馬充滿動力地向前走直線進行快步。This machine is specially designed for rotor winding of mini - engine, and is suitable for rotor winding with hook or opened - slot adapter for electrical tool engine, mini - dc engine, etc.
本機是專為微特電機轉子繞線而設計的專用繞線設備，適用於電動工具電機，微型直流電機等帶鉤或開槽型換向器的轉子繞制。However, the traditional dc motor uses brush so as to switch the phases, so there are relative mechanical frictions. then it comes out many fatal failing, such as yawp, spark, wireless disturb, etc. what " s more, its making cost is high, its maintain is also difficult, therefore its application is greatly limited
直流電動機具有運行效率高和調速性能好等諸多優點，但傳統的直流電動機均採用電刷，以機械方法換向，因而存在相對的機械摩擦，由此帶來了噪聲、火花、無線電干擾以及壽命短等致命弱點，再加上製造成本高及維修困難等缺點，從而大大地限制了它的應用范圍。E xperiments show that the amended method is better than that in reference 12. as the same time the method can combine with the wavelet transformation to locate the characters. by multi - resolution analysis and pyramid decomposition, the edge components with different spatial resolutions and different directions can be acquired, among which, the detail components have the most distinguished texture features standing for the object region, then by further morphological operations, the useless information is greatly decreased and the last object text region is acquired
分析了各個方向邊緣經小波變換后的特點，用具有良好時頻局部和變尺度特徵的小波分析方法提取出不同空間解析度，水平和垂直及對角線方向的邊緣子圖像，把滿足水平和垂直方向能量閾值區域進行合併，經過去噪后，用對角線方向能量閾值即高高頻能量作為判斷標準，確定是否是真正的字元區。The main work of the thesis is as follows : we design a novel omni - mirror more applicable in robocup, which is made up of an isomeric horizontal mirror and an isomeric vertical mirror and can make the resolution of the imaging of the objects near the robot on the field constant and make the distortion of the imaging of the objects far from the robot small in vertical direction ; we select a 1394 digital color camera and complete the development of its software program for data acquisition ; we design a image processing algorithm for the panoramic image, which can segment the image by color, extract the features of image fast and effectively and complete the recognization of target ; according the character of the imaging, we design a new fast hough transform algorithm for line detection, which can detect the white mark lines of the field realtimely, and then design a robot ’ s self - localization method based the mark lines, which only uses the information of omni - vision system ; finally we design a monte carlo localization method based on the information of omni - vision system and odometry, and present the localization results of two localization methods and analyze the experiment results and get the conclusions
本論文的主要工作如下:設計了一種新的更適用於機器人足球賽的全向反射鏡面，該鏡面由水平等比鏡面和垂直等比鏡面組合而成，能夠使機器人近處一定范圍內水平場地上的物體成像解析度不變，遠處物體成像高度上變形較小;選擇了一款基於1394介面的數字攝像機，並完成其數據採集程序開發;針對全景圖像設計了圖像處理演算法，能夠快速有效的實現圖像顏色分割和圖像特徵提取，完成目標識別;根據全景圖像的成像特性，設計了一種新的用於直線檢測的快速hough變換演算法，能夠實時的提取出場地的白色標志線，並在此基礎上設計了完全利用全向視覺信息的基於標志線的機器人自定位方法;最後設計了一種基於全向視覺信息和里程計信息的montecarlo定位方法，給出兩種方法的定位結果，並分析實驗結果，給出結論。The contributions of this dissertation is listed below. aiming at existing defects of traditional beeline detection by hough transformation ( ht ) arithmetic, such as large storage space consuming, imprecise beeline detection effect and information loss of image feature pixels etc, we suggest two new beeline detection methods. ( 1 ) based on infinite symmetry exponential filter and its recursion arithmetic, new beeline detection methods can get exact direction of image edge pixels in advance, so it reduces highly the calculation quantity of the conventional ht, and improves the speed and the precision of beeline detection greatly
本論文的主要研究成果列舉如下：針對傳統直線檢測霍夫變換（ houghtransform ， ht ）所存在的參數空間存儲量大，直線檢測不精確以及圖像特徵點信息丟失等缺點，提出兩種新的直線段檢測演算法： （ 1 ）提出一種基於無限對稱指數濾波的ht直線段檢測演算法，在進行邊緣檢測的同時，提前精確定位邊緣點的方向，減少了ht的運算量，提高了運算速度和檢測精度，而且整體演算法便於硬體的并行執行，使得實時處理成為可能。Semiconductor convertors - general requirements and line commutated convertors - self - commutated semiconductor converters including direct d. c. converters
半導體變流器.一般要求和線路換向變流器.包括直流變換器的自換向變流器分享友人