真實經濟成本 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhēnshíjīngjìchéngběn]
真實經濟成本 英文
real economic cost
  • 真 : Ⅰ形容詞（真實） true; genuine; real Ⅱ副詞1 （的確; 實在） really; truly; indeed 2 （清楚確實） cl...
  • 實 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （內部完全填滿 沒有空隙） solid 2 （真實; 實在） true; real; honest Ⅱ名詞1 （實際; 事實...
  • 經 : 經動詞[紡織] （把紡好的紗或線梳整成經紗或經線） warp
  • 濟 : 濟名詞1. （古水名） the ji river2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 真實 : true; real; authentic
  • 經濟 : 1 [經] （社會物質生產和再生產的活動） economy 2 （對國民經濟有利或有害的） economic; of industria...
  1. Because along with the liberalization of china ’ s capital account, once the economic developing speed slows down, capital account and current account ’ s surpluses reverse to deficits, the appreciation expect of renminbi will be changed. at the same time, the high quota savings in china ’ s banks will also bring us inflation pressure, inapparent currency substitution may be turn into visible currency substitution. also, the great deal of currency substitution inclining may convert into real currency substitution because of the vulnerable financial system

    但另一方面，它又離我們那麼近，因為隨著中國資本賬戶開放的逐漸深入，一旦我國經濟不能保持高速發展，資本賬戶和經常賬戶雙順差現象出現逆轉，人民幣升值的預期將被改變，而我國高額的人民幣儲蓄也將給我國帶來通脹壓力，隱性的貨幣替代將有轉為顯性貨幣替代的可能，由於金融體系脆弱性所造成的大量貨幣替代傾向也很可能轉化為真實的貨幣替代。
  2. Some problems with regard to the development of urban public transportation are taken apart seriatim in the base of many internal and international research productions analysis, combining some actual employments in xi ' an urban public transportation, according to the basic idea of system engineering, using system analysis, system design and system decision - making technical method, cooperating theories and methods of some basic subjects such as economics, mathematics and operational research. favorable research productions are acquired and it can coach practice production

    本文在分析大量國內外關于城市公共交通方面研究成果的基礎上，結合我們對西安城市公共交通做的許多實際工作，依據系統工程的基本思想，運用系統分析、系統設計和系統決策的技術方法，配合經濟學、數學、運籌學等基礎科學的理論和方法，對城市公共交通系統發展所涉及的問題進行了逐一剖析，取得了良好的研究成果，能真正指導實際生產。
  3. Practice the " three representatives " strugglingly, while leading all people construct our nation ' s economy, to construct the party into a party that can represent the developing requirement of china ' s advanced productivity, the progressing orientation of china ' s advanced culture, and the ultimate interests of the most extended people

    在帶領全國人民進行經濟建設的同時，努力實踐「三個代表」 ，把黨建設成為一個真正的，能夠代表中國先進生產力的發展要求，代表中國先進文化前進方向，代表最廣大人民根本利益的黨。
  4. Here a low cost optimal position system with speed - loop open and position - loop closed based on fuzzy control is presented, it employs fuzzy controller to verdict rotor velocity approximately and a fuzzy switching curve is substituted for real one to achieve bang - bang switch, no limit - loop or oscillation occurs. at the end of this chapter, a dc break curve is discussed

    為了實現經濟實用的點對點快速定位系統，實際系統採用速度開環、位置閉環結構，速度量從模糊控制器得到，既不實測也不軟體估計，用模糊開關線代替真實開關線進行控制量狀態切換，無極限環或振蕩現象，而成本則大大降低。
  5. Therefore, a model of three sectors, respectively referring to domestic sector, manufacturing export sector and primary product export sector, has been established here to measure the technology spillover effects of export on domestic sector. finally, based on a broader framework, this dissertation went on to investigate the relationship between openness and china ' s economic growth, while the result shows that though there exists a notable dispute about how to measure the degree of china ' s openness, the index of trade dependence still maintains the better one to reflect china ' s economic openness. in the meanwhile, impulse response function ( irf ) method and forecasting errors variance decomposition ( fevd ) method, both of which are based on the vector auto - regression ( var ) system, are used here to investigate the dynamic relationship between openness and china ' s economic growth

    與傳統理論不同，新增長理論和新貿易理論都強調技術進步的作用，因此本文構建了一個三部門的技術外溢效應模型（國內部門、工業製成品出口部門以及初級產品出口部門） ，考察了工業製成品出口和初級產品出口對國內非出口部門不同的技術外溢效應；第四，從更加廣闊的視野就貿易開放度與中國經濟增長問題進行研究，有關貿易開放度如何度量一直是存在較大爭議的問題，本文首先對該類研究文獻進行了較為詳盡的述評，然後運用生產函數方法對所選取的5個貿易開放度度量指標進行了檢驗，結果發現盡管一些已有研究認為外貿依存度無法真實度量一國經濟開放水平，但是本文研究結果表明外貿依存度仍是度量我國貿易開放度的較好指標，進一步採用基於var系統的脈沖響應函數法以及預測誤差方法分解法對貿易開放促進經濟增長的作用進行了動態刻畫。
  6. However, it is a prevailing practice in highway projects in our country that the feasibility studies in the preliminary investigation and the appraisal of operation cost in later stage fail to carefully and thoroughly analyze the impact of those indeterminant factors on a proposed project and the probability of those factors. furthermore, in construction period, only those major uncertain factors ( say, wars ) are written in the contract as a part of unpredictable risks so as to rectify the responsibilities of the parties as named in the contract, but the minor factors ( say the change in drawings ) are not singled out but included in other contrast articles

    在國內公路項目前期可行性研究和後期評估運營經濟成本時，只簡單地對一些影響項目的不確定性因素羅列出來而沒有認真分析這些不確定性對整個項目影響的大小和其發生的可能性大小；在項目實施過程（施工階段） ，只是把一些大的不確定性（如戰爭）作為不可預見風險成為合同條款雙方分清責任的一部分，而一些小的（如施工圖紙的變更）一般不單獨列出，而包含在其它合同條款中。
  7. On the view of situation, the thesis settles the position, characteristic and the development of the primary state of the socialism in china, which is to analyze the history position and characteristic of the primaiy state of the socialism in china and to point out the general plan of the construction on the basic of sum up the thought way of the theory of social economy state of marxism. the mainly used methods of analysis are : ( 1 ) the research of the process, construction and the layer level are associated. the thesis not only analysis the historical formation, but also analysis the constitution and the layer level, so as to consolidate the various theories of the marxism, and to understand the theoiy of social economy state of marxism systematically

    本文的主要分析方法是:把社會經濟形態的過程論、結構論、層次論相結合，不僅分析社會經濟形態的縱向發展歷程，並且分析其橫向構成形式，還分析其歷程和構成的內部層次，從而使馬克思相關的豐富而多樣的論述統一到一個整體中來，以便全面、系統地理解和把握馬克思的社會經濟形態思想;把理解馬克思的論著資料與體會其思想邏輯相統一，既廣泛引用馬克思論著的眾多原文原句，又充分領會馬克思的整體思想內涵，在研究其論著資料中體會其思想內容，在分析其思想邏輯中運用其論著資料，以達到客觀、完整地理解和把握馬克思的社會經濟形態思想;注重理論研究與現實實踐相一致，既尊重馬克思的真實思想，又聯系社會實踐，特別是當今時代的現實和中國社會主義初級階段的建設。
  8. To implement the cost management really, we must establish the ideas of reducing cost and increasing effects in thoughts ; and accomplish " four wants " in operation : firstly, to establish three cost control groups, that is, water and electricity, operation, material ( maintenance ) ; secondly, to set up strict cost control system ; thirdly, to set up and amplify the internal economic responsibility system ; fourthly, to set up management and examining group of cost control

    要想真正把成本管理工作落實到實處，在思想上必須樹立降本增效的觀念；在操作中做到四個要：一要成立水電、作業、材料（維修）三個成本控制小組；二要建立嚴格成本控制制度；三要建立健全內部經濟責任制；四要設立成本控制管理考核小組。
  9. This article has been divided into five chapters, the contents of five chapters respectively are : the contents of the first chapter are about pollution compensation that oil leakage of the ships lead to in " maritime law " ; the contents of the second chapter are about delay delivery of the goods in " maritime law " ; the contents of the third chapter are about the cargo lien that the marine carriers have in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fourth chapter are about the rights that the shippers can change and terminate the contract unilaterally in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fifth chapter are about the limitation of liability for maritime claims system in " maritime law ". the contents of each chapter of this article are about a flaw of " maritime law ". as a result of the limit of article length and the limit of author ability, it is impossible to analyze the article of " maritime law " gradually, the article is only about five quite important flaws of " maritime law " to form five chapters, then we will introduce them gradually

    但是，隨著我國加入wto ，國際貿易和海上運輸迅速的發展， 《海商法》在實施中暴露出很多不足。因此，有必要遵循科學性、適時性和法制統一性等立法的基本原則，對《海商法》及時進行修改。筆者認為，應當認真總結《海商法》成功的經驗和失敗的教訓，從目前和今後一個時期海上和與海相通的內陸水域的運輸和經濟貿易的現實和發展對法律的需要出發，參照和借鑒其他民商立法、國際海事條約、民間規則和合同格式，以及國外先進的立法例，吸收海商法理論研究成果，並考慮國際海事立法的發展趨勢，在船舶油污損害賠償的規定，遲延交付的規定，海上貨物留置權的規定，托運人變更解除合同權利的規定，海事賠償責任限制制度的規定等幾個方面修改現行《海商法》 。
  10. This paper began from the definition gender and analyzed the traditional concepts of equality and tried to explain that the former what - is - called equality wrong point of view which wanted to efface the existing difference between man and woman and wanted to get the absolute equality. with the help of some postmodern terms and views, the writer tries to descontruct the traditional mode of equality and tries to take advantage of the individual characters of man ' s and woman ' s to make them can enjoy differential equality on the basis of admitting the i nfluence of gender on man and woman. the writer also suggests that the party that take more duties or lossed because of the differential equality should be compensated by the government through the laws, policies and economic approaches

    然而，現實生活中，女性得到的平等權仍是形式上的平等，離真正的男女平等還相差甚遠，造成此現象的原因是多方面的，本文僅從「社會性別」這一概念入手，通過對傳統平等觀的剖析，說明以往的平等權是一種企圖抹殺客觀存在的男女性別差異和社會性別的影響，要求男女絕對一樣的平等的錯誤觀點，筆者藉助后現代主義的部分觀點試圖解構這種傳統固定的平等模式，以期在承認社會性別對男女影響的基礎上，發揮、利用男性與女性各自的優點和特點，對其實行有差別的平等，對由於實行「有差別」的平等給女性（或男性）造成的損失或對多承擔義務的一方，國家從法律、政策、經濟等多方面對受損害者和多承擔義務者給予救濟，以此達到女性平等權的真正實現。
  11. Analyzes the existing problems of the central heating systems, such as, the fees cant reflect the real heat consumption, the room temperature of some consumers cant reach design demand and the heating cost is too high, it also puts forward the solutions according to the present energy - saving policy and economytechnology conditions, such as heat measure, pipenet resistance balance and heating regulation

    分析了我國城市集中供熱存在的諸如：收費不能反映用戶真實耗熱量；部分用戶室溫達不到設計要求；供熱成本高等問題的原因及危害，並結合我國節能政策和目前的經濟技術條件提出了諸如；熱量計量，管網水力平衡，供熱調節等解決辦法。
  12. Of nonferrous metal, productive metal and metal reproduction resources garments, textiles, hardware and mine products, animal products, fruits, agricultural products and the relative by - products, necessities, all kinds of foodstuffs, food oil, art products as well as the deputizing of all kinds of products except for the national prohibited and limited ones

    是集鋁箔袋高溫蒸煮袋抽真空袋冷凍食品包裝袋及各類食品牛皮紙包裝袋的設計製作印刷覆膜等專業化生產企業。本公司成立於80年代，憑借雄厚的經濟技術實力和服務八方客戶的經營理念，在業界贏得良好的信譽。
  13. Analise the motivation of this system, including tax motivation and non - tax one. this discussion of the legal theory of transfer pricing tax system is based on the principle of equal tax, it also discuss the criterias of many other country ' s related enterprises. examine, evaluate the principles of current transfer pricing law control, including total profit principle, arm ’ s length principle, comparable principle, as well as the solution provided by foreign country ' s related enterprises, such as comparable uncontrollable pricing method ; resale pricing method ; cost - plus method, and analise their advantages and disadvatages. it compares the transfer pricing tax system amoung development countries, and therefore putforword the related problem of china and provide solutions

    本文從國內外存在的真實案例出發闡述了跨國公司的轉讓定價行為對我國經濟的影響，分析了轉讓定價存在的動機包括稅務動機和非稅務動機，從稅收公平性原則、稅收法定主義、實質課稅原則來談轉讓定價稅制的法理基礎，以及各國關聯企業的判定標準，並審視、評價現行轉移定價法律控制的原則，包括總利潤原則、正常交易原則、可比性原則等，以及各國對關聯企業之間不合理轉讓定價進行調整的方法，如可比非受控價格法、再銷售價格法、成本加價法，分析了它們之間的優缺點。
  14. But it also bring some important questions which affect the safety and economy running of the units, such as frequency regulation, long running with low loads, electric equipment and assistant equipment friction, oil wasting etc. the text apply differential increcent rate of equilateral discharge to analyze deeply the economy of hydro - power plant according to the practice data of the plant, putting forward the resolvation, providing indeed the theoretic feasibility investigation of engineering

    但由此帶來的水電機組的頻繁調節、長時間帶低負荷運行以及電氣設備和輔助設備的磨損和油耗的增加等，都成為影響水電機組長期安全、經濟運行的不可忽視的重要問題。本文根據安徽陳村水電廠實際資料，運用等微增率方法對agc投入后水電站廠內運行經濟性作了深入的分析，提出了解決辦法，為在工程上真正實現提供了理論上的可行性研究。
  15. Under the special background of transitional economy in china, however, the cost of equity financing of listed companies, besides the general explicit cost, also contains rather high implicit cost, which covers the real expense paid by listed companies, and makes it difficult for capital market to exert the function of allocating resource at full

    然而，在我國轉軌經濟的特殊背景下，上市公司股權融資成本除包含一般的顯性成本外，還包括相當高的隱性成本，從而掩蓋了上市公司進行股權融資所付出的真實代價，使資本市場配置資源的功能難以有效發揮。
  16. There are inevitable connections and essential distinctions between statement review and audit. there are both components of independent audit principles, and they are both used to assure the legitimacy of accounting statement but statement review is that cpa, accepting the entrusting, mainly executes inquiring and analyzing program to illustrate whether there are the circumstances that statement review offend the enterprise accounting rules and other financing accounting laws and rules. while accounting statement auditing is that cpa, entrusted according to the laws regulating, executes auditing and gives opinions to the statement and other data and economic activities reflected by these data

    報表審閱與報表審計有著必然的聯系和本質的區別：報表審閱和報表審計都是獨立審計準則的組成部分，都是為了保證會計報表的合法性和真實性；但是會計報表審閱是指注冊會計師接受委託，主要通過實施查詢和分析性程序，說明是否發現會計報表在所有重大方面有違反企業會計準則以及國家其他有關財務會計法規規定的情況，而會計報表審計指注冊會計師依法接受委託，對被審單位的會計報表和其他資料及其所反映的經濟活動，進行審查並發表意見。
  17. Being an important component of the state - owned economy and fiscal revenue, the collective enterprise needs appropriate property right reformation, namely the reformation of joint stock system. the dissertation aims to design a set of feasible models for the joint stock system reformation of chengdu hf storage & transport corporation, which is a subordinate collective enterprise of sichuan petroleum management bureau. with the implementation of the joint stock system reformation, the collective enterprise will transit from settlement - and welfare - oriented corporation to management - and benefit - oriented enterprise

    本文以四川石油管理局下屬集體經濟企業? ?成都hf儲運公司為研究對象，為其設計了一套符合公司改革與發展要求的股份制改造模式，目的是通過推行股份制，建立現代企業制度，使集體經濟多種經營實體轉變為多元投資主體，實現集體經濟企業由安置型、福利型定位向經營型和效益型轉變，成為市場經濟下真正獨立、活躍的經營主體。
  18. Through all - sided theory analysis and demonstration study of rising and developing of university town in china, this paper tries to explore how it should veritably bring into play its diffuse function and eradiated function of economics, culture, education, society and so on toward city and how it should become the center of the city and so on, hoping more people will discuss this topic

    本篇論文通過對大學城在我國的產生、發展進行全方位的理論分析和實證研究，試圖探索大學城如何真正發揮它對城市、經濟、文化、教育等的巨大擴散和輻射功能，如何成為城市發展中心等問題，以期拋磚引玉。
  19. Then, based on the summarization and evaluation of the fruits and shortage other scholars made, this paper brings forward the research hypotheses. on the base of fully understanding of various research models of value relevance, this paper chooses the feltham - ohlson model and the balance sheet model as the basic mod els and adjusts the two models to test the value relevance of accounting data of listed a share corporations in china. the research result shows : ( 1 ) in the period from 1996 to 2001 the value relevance of accounting information in china is falling with the implementation and changing of every financial accounting standard ; ( 2 ) when testing listed corporations suffering loss the feltham - ohlson model is invalid ; ( 3 ) compared with 2000, the accounting data of 2001 is n ' t more conservative but more aggressive ; and ( 4 ) this paper ca n ' t judge whether the book value of corporation assets after computing the asset reduction required by " accounting regulation of corporations " is closer to that before computing, and it needs further researching

    在對各種價值相關研究模型充分理解的基礎上，本文有針對性地選擇feltham - ohlson模型和資產負債表模型作為研究的基本模型，並根據所研究的具體問題對模型進行了修正，用以檢驗我國a股上市公司會計數據的價值相關性，研究結論如下： 1 、 1996 2001年我國會計信息的價值相關性沒有隨各項具體會計準則的頒布和變更逐年提高，反而逐年降低； 2 、 feltham - ohlson模型在檢驗虧損上市公司時失效，這可能是我國資本市場中特有因素造成的； 3 、與2000年相比， 2001年會計數據不但沒有更謹慎，反而更「激進」 ； 4 、本文檢驗結果無法判斷計提《企業會計制度》新要求的四項資產減值準備后計算出的企業資產帳面價值是否比未計提資產減值準備計算出的資產帳面價值更接近企業真實的經濟價值，有待今後做進一步的研究。
  20. This paper deals with the principles of a market economy as it pertains to fertilizer usage and compares real economic opportunities gained from fertilizers against the costs of maintaining the status quo

    本文討論了與肥料施用有關的市場經濟原理，並針對維持現有狀況的成本比較了從肥料施用中可獲得的真實經濟效益的機會。
分享友人
分享到 Line

分享到臉書