Cryptic species have been found in a wide range of marine organisms ; with majority of them are benthic invertebrates. in contrast, marine holoplanktons are thought to have lower diversity and slow speciation due to their strong dispersal potential. this paper reviewed studies on cryptic species and speciation in marine holoplankton. based on findings in 38 studied taxa, it was concluded that : 1 ) cryptic species are pervasive in marine holoplankton, suggesting holoplankton speciation was more active than previously thought ; 2 ) current morphospecies diversity is untenable to reflect true species diversity in marine holoplankton ; 3 ) geographic isolation may facilitate cryptic speciation of marine holoplankton. however, contribution of allopatric speciation is still questionable ; 4 ) ecological speciation may be the prevailing speciation mode in marine holoplankton. cryptic speciation in marine holoplankton is paradoxical, because rapid speciation under strong gene flow is countertuitive. solution of this paradox will help us gain deep insights of marine speciation and biodivesity
隱
種廣泛存在於各類海洋生物中，尤其是底棲無
脊椎動物.然而，海洋終生浮游生物由於具有較強的擴散能力，往往被視為生物多樣性低、物
種形成慢.本文就海洋終生浮游生物隱
種與物
種形成的研究作一綜述.基於研究的38個
種類，結果表明: 1 ）海洋終生浮游生物普遍存在隱
種，其物
種形成要比想象得快; 2 ）由於引
種的廣泛存在，形態
種生物多樣性無法反映海洋終生浮游生物真正的物
種多樣性; 3 ）地理隔離有助於海洋終生浮游生物隱
種的形成，但異域物
種形成的作用仍值得商榷; 4 ）生態物
種形成很可能是海洋終生浮游生物物
種形成的主流模式.海洋終生浮游生物強基因流下快速的物
種形成有悖于生物進化常理，解決該悖論將有助於我們對海洋物
種形成和生物多樣性的理解
The backbone is an articulate structure.
脊椎骨是一
種關節相連的結構。
It is an important that bacteria contaminated vaccine in the biologicals production. we collected 703 samples of cell culture, virus cultivation and harvest which were contaminated by bacteria during poliovaccine production within two years. we checked these samples by bacteriological method and antibiotics sensitivity tests were done. it shows that 1 ) the main contaminated bacteria come from staphylococci, bacilli and streptococci of environment in the poliovaccine production. 2 ） it is effect that antibiotics to contaminated bacteria are doxycycline, albiotic, prescription 2, cefotaxime na salt, gentamycin, neomycin, aureomycin and erythromycin
在疫苗生產實踐中，細菌污染是影響疫苗質量和產量的關鍵性因素，筆者通過了兩年左右的時間，選取正常生產中零星細菌污染的細胞培養瓶、病毒培養瓶及收毒污染樣品等共703份，進行細菌學檢查，並對造成污染的主要細菌
種類進行了各
種抗菌藥物的耐藥性實驗，結果表明：我所
脊灰疫苗生產中主要的污染威脅來自環境中的葡萄球菌，潛在威脅是桿菌和鏈球菌；強力黴素、林可黴素、配方2 、噻孢黴素鈉鹽、慶大黴素、新黴素、金黴素和紅黴素等抗生素對目前引起污染優勢細菌-葡萄球菌有明顯的抑菌效果，可作為疫苗生產后備抗菌手段參考
Anti - keratin auto antibody ( ak auto ab ) is accepted generally as a significant component of natural auto antibody ( naa ) which is found in human as well as vertebrate, and is of characteristic of polyreactivity, low avidity, extensive connectivity and shorting of specificity to the species
天然自身抗體（ naa ）廣泛存在於人和
脊椎動物體內，具有多反應性、親和力低、締和性廣及
種屬特異性差的特點。
2, by detailed studying of sedimentary microfacies, guan 3 - 6 beds mainly belong to high crooked fluvial deposition system, and some parts of guan 5 - 6 show plait fluvial deposition system features : detailed divided them into edge beach, center beach and natural levee etc. 9 deposition microfacies and beach ridge and groove microficies
2 、通過沉積微相多層次逐級細分研究，認為館3 - 6砂層組主要屬于高彎曲度曲流河沉積體系，館5 6部分小層表現為辮狀河沉積體系；並細分出了邊灘、心灘以及天然堤等九
種沉積微相，以及灘
脊和凹槽等微微相。
As a new style of structure, steel - concrete composite spine girder with large cantilever beams has been more and more applied for its advantages such as beauteous build, outstanding mechanics and economical performance
鋼-混凝土組合
脊骨梁作為一
種新型的結構形式，以其結構造型美觀、力學性能好、經濟性等方面的優勢，在橋梁結構中得到了越來越廣泛的應用。
The present dissertation, which including introduction, the history and present situation both in china and abroad, mainly deals with the morphology, phylogenetic analysis and biogeography and taxonomy on the selenocephalinae from asia - pacific area
內容包括緣
脊葉蟬亞科分類的歷史沿革、國內外研究概況、分類特徵、系統發育、生物地理學和
種類描述等方面。
The management of this marine park is similar to other marine parks except that two core areas have been established at the northeastern coast of the island. they cover the part of the coastal area with the highest coverage of stony corals and a diverse assemblage of marine lives. these include fishes like butterfly fish, damsel fish, groupers, and other invertebrates like sea urchin, sea cucumbers and cowries
該海岸公園的管理模式與其他海岸公園相似，唯一不同之處是在東北沿海地區設立了兩個核心區，該兩個核心區的石珊瑚覆蓋率甚高，並有多
種海洋生物，包括魚類如蝴蝶魚、雀鯛和石斑，以及無
脊椎動物如海膽、海參和寶貝。
How would you feel if you got a polio, chicken pox, measles, mumps, flu, and small pox at the same time every year ?
如果你每年的同一時間都要接
種脊髓毀質炎，水痘，麻疹，流感的疫苗你會作何感想？ 」
There are about 45. 000 species of chordates, occupying marine, fresh and brackish water and terrestrial habitats
有大約45 . 000
種脊索動物，它們占據著海、淡水或淡鹹水和陸地的生態環境。
Compared with the former study of interaction between varieties of vertebrates hemoglobin and human hemoglobin, human fetal hemoglobin ( hb f ), the results support the conclusion about the boundary of interaction between vertebrates hemoglobin and kinds of protein molecule in the electric field is the reptilia animals and enrich the theory of hemoglobin molecular evolution
同前面所進行的各
種脊椎動物血紅蛋白分別與人血紅蛋白、胎兒血紅蛋白相互作用的研究對照比較，進一步驗證
脊椎動物血紅蛋白與各
種蛋白分子在電場中的相互作用的分水嶺可能位於爬行綱動物，豐富了血紅蛋白分子進化理論。
Walker, senior land use adviser to the british columbia ministry of environment, said british columbia listed only 4 of more than 700 vertebrate species in the province as endangered and another 41, including the marbled murrelet, as at risk
他說，不列顛哥倫比亞僅把本省的700多
種脊椎動物中的4
種列為瀕危的，另外把帶大理石斑紋的小海鴨等41
種列為處于危機之中的。
One of the polio vaccines is a killed vaccine
一
種脊髓灰質炎疫苗就是死病毒疫苗。
Recommends kymdan latex mattresses to his patients. dr. rowe believes that natural latex mattresses have many advantages over traditional mattresses because they offer the optimal level of support that s required, combined with softness and comfort
經過了解后，我認為以天然橡膠製成的kymdan床墊產品，充分滿足了人體對柔軟和彈力要求的標準，對醫治各
種脊椎病有很好的作用。
In all, data for 695 terrestrial, 344 freshwater and 274 marine species were analyzed
這1 ， 300
種脊椎動物總共包括695
種陸生動物344
種淡水動物以及274
種海洋動物。
The text computes the eigenvalue of double ridged waveguide, single ridged waveguide and unsymmetry ridged waveguide, transmission of three kinds of ridged waveguides with ridge on the narrow wall are solved for and the useful curves on cutoff wavelength, bandwidth and field pattern are presented
編程計算了雙
脊、單
脊和不對稱
脊波導的特徵值，求解了三
種脊位於窄邊的
脊波導的傳輸特性，並給出了截止波長和單模帶寬曲線以及場結構變化。
It is caused by 1 of 3 types of poliovirus 1, 2 and 3
小兒麻痹癥由三
種脊髓灰質炎病毒i ii及iii其中一
種所引致。
Mhc is an extended cluster of genes with extraordinary polymorphism, which consists of three classes of genes ( class i, class ii and classiii ). they are different from each other in their structure, expression, mode of evolution and so on. class ii genes are further divided into two subclasses and the mhc genes spread over nearly all vertebrates extensively
Mhc基因是一個高度多態的基因群，主要包括三大類基因?類（ class ） 、類（ class ）和類（ class ）基因，它們無論在結構組成、表達組織的類型、刺激特定t細胞的類群及長期進化等方面都有所不同；類基因還可進一步分為a 、 b兩個亞類：各類基因廣泛分佈於各
種脊椎動物體內。
Reaction of macrophages in three kinds of spinal cord injuries
三
種脊髓損傷類型中巨噬細胞反應情況的觀察
However, with the mtdna sequences have been increasingly determined for vertebrate genomes, the rearranged and repeated genes had been found in many taxa. based on the complete mitochondrial genome
在我們測定的澤蛙線粒體基因組基礎上，通過研究genbank中200多種脊椎動物的線粒體全基因中發生基因重排的類群，總結出脊椎動物線粒體基因重排的特點。
