等價原理 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [děngjiàyuánlǐ]
等價原理 英文
equivalence principle
  • 等 : Ⅰ量詞1 （等級） class; grade; rank 2 （種; 類） kind; sort; type Ⅱ形容詞（程度或數量上相同） equa...
  • 價 : 名詞1. （價格） price 2. （價值） value 3. [化學] （化合價） valence
  • 原 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （最初的; 原來的） primary; original; former 2 （沒有加工的） unprocessed; raw Ⅱ動詞（原...
  • 理 : Ⅰ名詞1 （物質組織的條紋） texture; grain （in wood skin etc ） 2 （道理;事理） reason; logic; tru...
  • 等價 : of equal value; equal in value; equivalence
  1. In order to maintain the rules conveniently, we make use of the technology of rdbms in managing data, consider the trait of production rules, and then design and realize the arithmetic to check the rules " equipollence and circulation on the basis of our former work - knowledge ordering. all these solve the knowledge base ' s consistency effectively

    為了方便對規則的維護，我們充分利用數據庫管理系統對數據管理的巨大威力，結合產生式知識規則的特點，在原有知識序化的基礎上，對規則的等價、循環做了演算法設計與實現，較好地解決了知識庫的一致性問題。
  2. Whereas " build - operate - transfer ", called bot mode, has been successfully adopted in some foundation fields, such as public traffic, electric power, etc. this article is based on the study of yishui sewage treatment plant application of bot some constructive and valuable recommendations presented may be helpful to other foundations and environmental fields. this article has analyzed the feasibility of yishui sewage treatment plant application of bot, then made a blue print which include construct project item company project financing project, running project and the analyse of benefits to society and economy. the pivotal portion - concessionary agreement, is also studied in this article

    在借鑒國外城市基礎設施bot模式和國內電廠、高速公路等建設項目bot模式的基礎上，總結國內部分採用準bot模式建設污水處理廠的經驗，根據國家目前的環境政策和法律、法規要求和沂水縣社會經濟發展狀況，運用了經濟學、技術經濟學及管理學的一般原理，對沂水縣城市污水處理廠採用bot模式建設進行了方案設計和分析，包括項目建設方案、項目公司組建方案、融資方案、運行方案、項目經濟效益分析及項目各參與方的經濟效益分析等內容，並對項目關鍵? ?特許權協議的有關內容進行了研究，在特許權協議中，對在實際工作中難以確定的收費價格、發票、付款等具體內容提出了解決思路和辦法。
  3. Abstract : based on the principle of mininmum potential and using rayleigh - ritz method, the geometric non - linear analysis of higher bridge piers was solved in this paper. the new concept of equivalent horizontal force proposed by the author may be casily to calculate the second effect, which was produced due to the vertical forces and resisted by the piers and rubber pad bearings incorporately. the simple formula in this paper are applicable to calculate by hand, understood clearly without computation of successive iteration, higher precision and graspable easily for the disigmer therefore it has the practical significance

    文摘:根據最小勢能原理，用瑞雷-里茲法解決了高橋墩的幾何非線性分析問題；其次，提出了等效水平力的新概念，可以方便地解決橋墩和板式橡膠支座聯合抵抗垂直力所產生的二次效應問題.筆者提出適合於手算的簡便計算公式，概念明確，勿須迭代運算，精度較高，易為設計人員掌握，因此具有實用價值
  4. Based on my working experience in beijing trs information technology limited and the particularities and complexity of e - government requirement and purchasing process are studied by using modern marketing theories and methods systematically in the beginning. and the actual status and characteristic of the e - government software market in china was analyzed scientifically through comparing approach of products competing dominance and market share, increscent sales ratio. then competition status of trs e - government system was evaluated by porter five forces model and a conclusion is that trs lacks of competitions power

    本文結合筆者的實際工作，根據政府部門對電子政務軟體產品技術和服務要求的特殊性和其采購過程的復雜性，系統運用了現代市場營銷理論的基本原理和方法，首先分析了電子政務軟體市場發展狀況和特點，運用產品競爭優勢比較、市場佔有率和銷售增長率比較等方法，根據波特競爭力模型對trs電子政務系統的行業市場競爭情況進行了評價，得出了trs電子政務系統市場競爭力不足的基本結論。
  5. By the impact of the special rules of network economics, such as metcalfe rule and positive feedback rule, dot - corns have appears the new forms of commercial mode and mode of growth, and had special source of value

    在網路經濟的特有規律，諸如梅特卡夫定理、邊際效用遞增和邊際成本遞減原理、正反饋原理等的作用下，網路公司表現出了全新的經營模式和成長模式，並產生了特有的價值形成和實現方式。
  6. Based on the development of " modeling design of mechanical kinematics scheme ( md - mks ) system based on feature function ", the dissertation mainly focuses on the application of module design methods used in the mechanical kinematics scheme. with the use of cad technology and database management theory, the function model design and the management of model database are carried out

    本文結合「基於功能特徵機構運動模塊化設計系統」的開發，著重對現代設計方法學在機構運動方案設計上的應用進行了研究，通過藉助cad技術和數據庫管理原理實現了功能模塊設計、功能模塊數據庫管理、模塊組合設計、運動方案評價等系統功能。
  7. Next analyzed were the characteristics of natural gas pipeline transmission ; cost, ratemaking principle, method of acquiring the pipeline transmission fee, constitution, calculate, management and control after that, wt ; compared service cost methods with economic evaluation methods and the one - part pricing method with the two - part pricing method. later on was introduced the regulate coefficient of pipeline transmission fee structure, established the modificatory two - part pricing method, and found out a natural gas pipeline transmission pricing method that is fit for china ' s current situation. finally, we validated the rationality and applicability of this metho j by the demonstrational analysis on the natural gas pipeline transmission price of " the gas transmission from west to east " pipeline this paper ' s research fundamental is : the fundamental of natural gas pipeline transmission pricing should reflect the characteristics of natural gas pipeline transmission

    本文首先論述了自然壟斷行業的價格理論，然後分析了天然氣管輸的特點、定價原則及管輸費的收取方式、成本、構成、計算及其管理與調控；在此基礎上比較了中外天然氣管輸定價的服務成本法與經濟評價法，一部制定價法與兩部制定價法等；針對目前我國天然氣管道運價的制定現狀，本文深入研究了國際通用的天然氣管輸定價方法，引入「管輸費結構調整系數」的指標，建立修正的兩部制定價方法，找出了一套適合於我國當前國情的恰當的天然氣管輸定價方法，並通過「西氣東輸」管線加以實證分析，驗證了方法的合理性和適用性。
  8. Lagrange multiplicator method is introduced in the numerical computation to release the constraint. galerkin method based on the variation principle is used to solve differential and integral equations

    Galerkin方法是基於變分原理基礎上的一種把微分方程或積分方程轉化為等價的變分方程，通過離散變分方程求原方程數值解的方法。
  9. Based on research progress on economic value of ecosystem services, taking shenzhen for instance, the authors analyze the functions of ecosystem services such as conditioning climate, fixing carbon and releasing oxygen, preserving soil, keeping waterhead, purifying environment, and restraining noises. economic values of all the six kinds of ecological service functions are calculated

    綜述國內外生態系統服務功能價值評估相關研究進展，以深圳市為例，運用生態經濟學原理與方法，闡釋了生態系統調節氣候固碳釋氧保持土壤涵養水源凈化環境和減弱噪聲等生態服務功能，對其經濟價值進行評估。
  10. Based on theories and methods of ecological economics, we explain the functions of ecosystem services in chengdu city, sichuan province of china such as conditioning climate, fixing carbon and releasing oxygen, preserving soil, keeping waterhead, purifying environment, and restraining noises, and estimate the economic value of it

    摘要運用生態經濟學原理與方法，闡釋了成都市生態系統調節氣候、固碳釋氧、保持土壤、涵養水源、凈化環境和減弱噪聲等生態服務功能，對其經濟價值進行評估。
  11. According to finite element segmentation principle, by combining test with observation, the author has measured the air streamline and speed distribution of burning equipment in dally situation, which provides some guide for research of air field in hearth on cold and hot conditions. and the law is found of air speed distribution by measuring its speed and distribution of upper and lower deck on cold condition, thus it lays the foundation for analysis on hot condition. under four burning states, we measure the air speed in single, double - deck, and find out its corresponding distribution law

    5 .根據有限元分割原理布置測點，採用降溫方法，用k五江9106等儀器分別測出單雙爐排燃燒方式4種不同工況下，該燃燒設備爐膛內coz 、 02 、 co氣體濃度，並找到了隨爐膛高度方向及深度方向變化規律;從燃燒原理分析評價了2種燃燒方式爐膛內coz 、 02 、 co氣體濃度場分佈特點及相應燃料層內乾燥、干餾、氧化、還原、灰渣層厚度，肯定了雙層爐排燃燒方式爐膛中c02 、 02 、 co氣體濃度場分佈合理性，從燃燒理論找出了最佳濃度場分佈狀態及燃料層內各反應層厚度。
  12. In manganite perovskites, substitution of divalent ions ( alkaline earth metals viz. ca, sr, ba ) in the a sublattice, introduces mn4 + ions or holes into the system. it is generally considered that the concentration of holes is equal to the concentration of divalent cations because of the charge compensation by controlled valencies

    在類鈣鈦礦型晶體結構中通過摻入二價堿土金屬（如ca ， sr ， ba ）可以在系統中產生mn ~ （ 4 + ）或氧空位，由價格補償的原理，理論上摻入的二價離子的濃度和氧空位的濃度相等。
  13. On the basis of previous research works, new exploration wells, new appraisal wells and 3d seismic material are added to new research work in which rock and mineral, sedimentary facies and oil bearing characters are studied deeply by employing the methods of petroleum geology, sedimentary geology and reservoir geology. the results of reservoir prediction on fluvial sandbody in the upper of formation of guantao group obtained by using coherent analysis and acoustical impedance inversion bring good effect to the exploration and development of chengdao oilfield

    本文在以往工作的基礎上，補充新鉆探井、評價井和三維地震資料，運用石油地質學、沉積地質學、儲層地質學等原理方法，對埕島油田主力含油層系館上段地層的巖礦、沉積相及油氣富集特徵進行了深入的研究，對館上段河流相砂體進行了以測井約束地震反演為主的儲層預測研究，研究成果為繼續開展埕島油田的勘探開發提供了重要依據。
  14. Chapter 2nd is on the relationship between the nb and tax. first, in the frame of classicism, we debat on the ricardo equivalence theorem, claim that the theorem is failure in our realistically society and draw the conclussion that the nb can promote the instant consumption

    第二章國債與稅收，首先在古典經濟理論框架下討論了李嘉圖的等價原理，並結合我國現實指出：做為組織財政收入的國債與稅收，在經濟效應上不是等價的。
  15. Therefore, the writer of this paper plans to discuss the theory and method of integrated evaluation for projects combining an actual investment project. combining the functional vegetable oil investment project, this paper will evaluate the market, technology, operation and management ability, economy profits and social profits, etc. with the vague evaluation method, delphi technique, as well as a mixed qualitative and quantitive analysis, and then organically combine the various aspects of investment project evaluation, finally establish the integrated evaluation model, in order to obtain the conclusion of integrated evaluation

    論文首先對項目綜合評價的理論進行闡述，說明綜合評價的原則、程序、內容和建立指標體系的方法;其次，結合功能性植物油投資項目，採用模糊評價法、德爾菲法、定性和定量相結合等方法，對該投資項目的市場、技術、經營管理能力、經濟效益和社會效益等方面進行評價;最後，將投資項目評價的各個方面進行有機結合，建立綜合評價模型，得出功能性植物油投資項目可行的綜合評價結論。
  16. Contents of this course include : basic concepts of financial management, atternative forms of business organization, financial statement analysis, break - even analysis, operating & financial leverages, managing working capital, short - term financing, financial mathematics, capital budgeting & risk, discounter - cash - flow model, fundamentals of securities valuation, cost of capital, capital structure, dividend policy, long - term financing, leases, mergers & acquisitions, holding companies, restructure and liquidation

    課程涵蓋了財務管理的基本概念，企業組織型態，財務報表分析，損益平衡分析， ?桿原理，營運資金管理，短期融資，財務數學，資本預算及風險，現金流量折現模型，證券評價基礎，資金成本，資本結構，股利政策，長期融資，租賃，並購，握股公司，重整及清算等重要課題。
  17. ( 2 ) development of tourism market should go on according to the procedure : first, analyzes the tourist behaviour features and relations between the supply and demand of tourism market ; second, select target market ; third, makes correct developing strategies of tourism market, including images designing on tourist destinations, rich and varied marketing activities, flexible price strategies, high quality service, etc. ( 3 ) surburbs tourism products should be designed on principles of meeting market demands, resources features, characteristic, structure bettering, comprehensive benefits, rational distribution, and surburbs tourism routes should be designed under principles of rational time arrangement, appropriate space arrangement, equal in value, etc. ( 4 ) development of tourism commodities is of great significance to surburbs tourism, which can enhance comprehensive tourism economy benefits, promote the development of interrelated fields, provide more jobs, increase the utilization ratio of resources etc. so, we should take some measures : speeding up developing tourism commodities ; promote the creativeness and cultural connotation ; establish management institution of tourism commodities market ; build right - the - spot enterprises that produce tourism commdoties

    1 、旅遊資源開發主要採取興建、利用、提高和改造四種方式，並且遵循科學的開發程序。 2 、旅遊市場開發應首先分析旅遊者行為特徵和旅遊供需模式，然後進行旅遊市場的分析和目標客源市場的選擇，制定正確的旅遊市場開發策略：進行旅遊地形象策劃；開展豐富多彩的促銷活動；採取靈活的價格策略；提供優質服務等等。 3 、旅遊產品開發應依據市場需求原則、資源特徵原則、特色原則、結構優化原則、綜合效益原則、布局合理化原則等，進行旅遊產品設計，並且根據時間安排合理原則、空間安排適宜原則、等價原則等進行了郊區線路設計。
  18. ( 2 ) because of t he variability of rock subjected to outside action, three new conceptions : postive damage basic damage and negative damage, are suggested, which can deal with the condition that rock density became large. ( 3 ) the present damage variables based on ct number mostly include ct average number of the rock without damage, which is difficult to measure, so a new damage variable, which includes the average ct number is proposed, on the other hand, strain equal theory is generalized because the one put foreword by lemaitre is not good enough to use. ( 4 ) a axial damage constitutive equation is proposed and testified. ( 5 ) with the circle times, the damage propagation laws of two different rocks, subjected to circle of freezing and thawing, are studied, and in the analysis process, traditional analysis method including average ct number and is used, some important conclusions are reached : inner damage of soft rock containing a large mount of apertures is largely propagating with the time increasement of circle, however, at the preliminary time, the hard rock containing a small mount of aperture is a little propagating, at late time, the influence become large ; ( 6 ) zone separation and statistics frequency put forward is used to analysized the three different damage propagation in the open circumstance, when they are subjected to the different circle times of freezing and thawing, in which the temperature variability is linear, different freezing rate, and different freezing temperature, and no water is supplied during the test

    在研究過程中本文主要做了以下工作： （ 1 ）針對巖石損傷變化較小時，運用ct均值和方差分析不方便的缺陷，本文提出運用對ct數范圍劃分區段的方法，根據各區段統計頻率的變化規律來分析損傷擴展狀況； （ 2 ）針對巖石受到外部作用的多變性，本文提出了基準損傷，正損傷，負損傷的概念，在某種程度上考慮了巖石受到外部作用時的壓密情況； （ 3 ）現有的基於ct數的損傷變量大多需要用到巖石基體的ct均值，這實際上是很難觀測到的，因此本文建議了一個可運用巖石初始狀態ct均值的損傷變量，由於現有的勒邁特教授應變等價原理使用上的不便，本文在其基礎上進行了推廣； （ 4 ）建議了一個可用巖石初始狀態ct數和彈性模量的單軸損傷本構方程，並用算例進行了驗證； （ 5 ）對兩種不同巖石在開放環境下受到凍融循環作用且融化過程中補水時，內部損傷隨凍融循環次數增加的擴展規律進行了探討，主要運用了常規的ct均值和ct方差的分析方法進行分析，試驗發現：對于孔隙率和含水率較高，密度和強度較低的軟弱巖石，凍融循環次數對損傷結構的擴展有明顯的影響，而對于孔隙率和含水率較低，密度和強度較高的硬巖，凍融循環次數對其損傷結構擴展初期由於含水率低的原因，影響不是太大，而後期由於水補給后，含水率較高的原因，凍融影響逐漸增大； （ 6 ）運用了本文提出的區段劃分和統計頻率的方法，深入地分析了開放環境下的線性溫度變化的凍融循環次數，凍結溫度，凍結速度不同巖石作用時，其內部損傷隨凍融循環次數，凍結速度和凍結溫度變化的擴展規律，需要指出的是除了在試驗前飽水外，凍融過程中沒有補水。
  19. Besides, this chapter also mentions about the reason why lecanto ' s equal principle lost its effects

    同時，還分析了李嘉圖等價定理失效的原因。
  20. In this thesis, main research is described as following : 1 ) according to the principle of system science and resemble technology, we systematically discussed the basic theory of simulation technology. combining with several simple but typical examples, we put forward morphism principle and equal principle which based on morphism system and equivalent system and expounded the inherent meaning of simulation and emulation. some vocabulary related were clarified definitely and the interrelationship between simulation, experiment and analysis was expounded. the developing veins of the simulation technolo. gy were elaborately carded. the modern meaning of simulation technology was explained further

    本文的工作主要包括以下幾項內容： 1 ）從系統科學和相似技術的角度出發，系統地總結及論述了模擬技術的基礎理論；結合幾個簡單的典型實例，提出了以同型系統和等價系統為基礎的同型原理和等價原理，並以此為基礎闡明了模擬和模擬的內在含義；對與模擬相關的一些詞匯作了明確的界定，闡明了模擬方法與試驗方法、理論分析方法的相互關系；對模擬技術的發展脈絡作了細致的梳理；對模擬技術的現代含義作了進一步的說明。
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