等效尺度 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [děngxiàochǐdù]
等效尺度
英文
equivalent size-
The spatial condition and both the technical and economic feasibilities for the layout of the light - court for the auxiliary powerhouse under the condition of higher fluctuation of the flood level downstream is basically analyzed ; in which the principles of the layout and both the spatial dimension and configuration are discussed, and then a actual design case is given with the preliminary evaluation on the ventilating and lighting effect of the light - court
初步分析了下游洪水位變幅較大等環境條件下，貫流式水電站副廠房設置自然通風採光天井的空間條件及其技術性和經濟性，討論了天井布置原則和空間尺度與形態處理，給出設計實例並初步評價了天井通風採光的效果。As such, suitable forecasting tools are needed to encompass the full range of vastly different meteorological factors over a broad range of spatial scales, from synoptic systems over the expanse of the continent down to local systems arising from orographic influence
要掌握大如天氣尺度系統小如區內地形效應等不同尺度氣象因素的萬千變化，必須依仗合適的預報工具。The accumulation and transportation of moist available potential energy and the release of the condensation heat offer the material condition for this heavy rainfall. under the condition of the air ' s movement through the stiff moist isentropic surfaces, the development of vertical vorticity of mesoscale low vortex system is accelerated due to the slantwise vorticity development, and to form stronger convective system, so as to result in heavy storm rainfall
濕有效能量的積聚和輸送為強降水的發生、發展提供了充分的物質條件；由於沿陡立等熵面的空氣上滑運動，因傾斜渦度發展造成了中尺度低渦系統垂直渦度迅速增加，促進了低渦的快速加強，形成強對流系統，導致強暴雨過程的發生。In different in terne die travel, the metal flow characterize in warm extrusion forming processes and the affection for the flow of metal stage which made by the difference between the blank bottom altitude and the axial direction limiting size in warm extrusion forming technique have been analysed we have gotten the equivalent strain field and the velocity field and other field variable that the blank in different in terne die travel and the die travel - load curve. at the same time, we have analyzed the contributing factor for the oil pump stator forming process optimized and achieve thereasonable die parameter for the war m extrusion forming finally, the optimized technics parameters were used into pilot production, then the qualified oil pump stator forging were produced, the analog results were compared with those of pilot production
論文具體分析研究了不同成形工藝過程中金屬流動的特點，並對不同凸模行程下溫擠成形過程中的金屬流動特點、坯料連皮厚度（底部高度）與溫擠壓成形工藝中的軸向界限尺寸的差值對金屬變形階段的影響進行了分析，獲得了坯料在不同凸模行程下的等效應變場、速度場等場變量及凸模行程-載荷曲線，同時對油泵定子成形過程的影響因素等進行了分析，優化並獲得了合理的溫擠成形工藝及模具參數。最後，利用模擬優化獲得的各項工藝參數進行生產實驗，得到實際生產出的合格油泵定子件，並將模擬結果與生產實驗結果進行比較。Targets of its perfection are set to develop our contemporary arbitration law into a modern, systematic and workable one. principles for its perfection are given for us to follow and specific suggestions for the revision and perfection of our law both on structure and on speific logal stipulations are made. such contents as arbitral scope of accepting cases, forms of arbitral agreement and the recognition and implementation of arbitrament make reference for the perfection of the abitral stipulation of our state
后又指出仲裁製度完善應堅持的原則，要把握好尺度，把準方向，與國際接軌，反映國際仲裁發展趨勢，體現中國特色等，最後對我國現行《仲裁法》的修改完善從外在結構和具體法律規定兩方面提出修改建議及理由，內容包括仲裁的受案范圍，法院監督，仲裁機構的設立與管理，仲裁協議的形式、內容和效力，仲裁程序規則，裁決的承認和執行，涉外仲裁製度，仲裁形式多樣化等八個方面，為我國仲裁製度的完善提供參考。The application of the b - spline wavelet analysis method to series of climate and external forcing factors is introduced. using lag - correlation analysis method, interpretative variances analysis method, phrase comparing method to the wavelet analysis result, we not only gained the variation at different scales of the global temperature and el nino signals, the location of the jump points and latent scale of these series, but also indicated the magnitude, extent of the effect of external forcing factors on them
利用小波分析方法，輔之以滯后相關分析解釋方差分析及位相對應比較方法，得到了氣溫變化及enso活動在各尺度層次上的變化，突變點位置及特徵尺度，並確定了太陽活動火山活動和溫室效應等外強迫因子對氣溫及enso的影響尺度幅度及響應時間。The feature parameter extraction methods of the underwater target are studied which can improve the performance of the underwater acoustic countermeasure equipments. several feature extraction methods such as the scale invariance feature extraction, target pole extraction fourier - mellin transform etc are investigated by computer simulations. the experimental results demonstrated the efficiency of these feature extraction methods in the applications of underwater target recognition
對多種特徵提取方法如目標相對不變尺度特徵提取、目標極點特徵提取、目標信號的傅里葉?梅林變換特徵提取等進行了模擬研究，結果表明了這些特徵參數提取方法的有效性，具有良好的應用前景。From the experiment results, it indicates that, after the watermarked mpeg - 4 video suffer filtering, rotation, scaling and transcoding, the watermark possesses good imperceptibility and robustness
實驗表明，演算法在mpeg - 4水印視頻經過濾波、旋轉、尺度變化、代碼轉換編碼等處理后，水印在可見性和魯棒性等方面取得了良好的效果。Owing to the extremely small dimensions, nanometer materials are structurally characterized by a large volume fraction of grain boundaries or interphase boundaries, which exhibit some unique structural characteristics and novel properties with respect to the conventional coarsegrained polycrystalline materials
由於納米粉體材料尺度極小，使之表面原子數、表面能急劇增加，產生了宏觀物體所不具有的表面效應、小尺寸效應、量子效應及宏觀量子隧道效應等新的性能。Secondly, the effectiveness and limitation of the classical perturbation, such as the method of multiple scales and the poincare - lindstedt method, are discussed in detail through a duffing oscillator with delayed velocity feedback. it is shown that the two perturbation methods are effective only in solving the approximate solution of the first two orders. an ambiguity or paradox will be encountered when they are used to seeking for the third or higher order approximation of solution
其次，以一具有時滯速度反饋的duffing系統為例，研究了經典攝動法如多尺度法， poincar - lindstedt法等在求解時滯微分方程級數解時的適用性和局限性問題，指出利用這些方法只能有效求得系統的前兩階近似解，而在求系統的三次以上近似解時會出現矛盾或二義性。With the simulated results of the high resolution of space - time, from the aspects of thermodynamic, dynamical, moist available energy and moist potential vorticity, the direct effect mesoscale system was analyzed to this weather process, including mesoscale low level jet, mesoscale vortex etc. meanwhile, its features and physical mechanism of the formation and development are further discussed to seek for some basis for deeper research and storm rainfall forecast
運用高時空解析度的模式結果，從熱力、動力結構、濕有效能量和濕位渦等多個角度，著重分析討論了對這次天氣過程有直接影響的低空急流、中尺度低渦等中尺度系統，探討了影響這次天氣過程的中尺度系統的發生、發展特徵和物理機制，試圖為更進一步的研究和暴雨預報提供一些依據。Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants
文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映The results of pure cu show ecap can produce bulk material of submicrometer level indeed. as the number of passes increases, the initial structure of pure cu has been refined largely. after six passes, i. e. the equivalent true strain of 4 ~ 5, the grain size gradually becomes stable and uniform
對純銅室溫ecap晶粒超細化行為及組織穩定性的研究表明： ecap技術的確能制備出亞微米級的塊體材料，隨著ecap道次的增加，純銅的組織被大大細化， ecap六道次（即等效真應變4 5 ）后，晶粒尺寸趨于穩定，硬度基本飽和。The ultra - low carbon steel ( 0. 001 % c ) is subject to a strain of ~ 10 by utilizing equal channel angular pressing of ten passes with route c at room temperature. the grain size is refined to ~ 0. 3m and the resultant steel exhibited the yield strength over 678mpa with a reasonable good elongation of 47. 4 %
本研究成功實現了室溫下超低碳鋼c方式下的ecap變形，累計等效真應變達到10 ，獲得了晶粒尺寸為0 . 3 m超細晶試樣，其屈服強度達678mpa ，是普通熱軋態的兩倍多，並保持高的塑性。Biodiversity exists among am fungi and is influenced by numerous factors including soil properties and plant species. if am fungi are to be used in sustainable agricultural systems it is necessary to study native am fungi in the target areas and then select efficient isolates that can be applied as inocula in the field to improve crop growth. the objectives of this study were to investigate the germplasm of am fungi, to understand the distribution pattern of am fungi in different ecological conditions such as area, soil factor and host plant, to select isolates effective in nutrient acquisition by the host plant sweet potato, to test their effectiveness under field conditions, and to monitor amf after their introduction into the field
本研究通過調查我國北方部分地區的am真菌資源，研究了am真菌的種群組成及其在空間、土壤利用方式和宿主植物類型等不同環境條件和空間尺度上的分佈規律；在此基礎上，根據它們對甘薯的生長、吸磷效應篩選出高效菌株，在大田條件下研究了am真菌菌絲的分佈特性、代謝活性及其對甘薯產量和品質的影響；並通過分子探針跟蹤調查了引入am真菌在共生體中的發育和表達，以期為菌根真菌的生產應用提供技術支持。Using the microwave selective heating property for materials, by setup equivalent equation, and first time inducing the electromagnetic field perturbation theory to the design of heating materials for substrate in mpcvd, three temperature distribution modes were established, including temperature distribution comprehensive mode of inhomogeneous plasma, temperature distribution composite mode of composite substrate materials, temperature distribution perturbation mode of composite materials, which ii provided an whole new technology route to the design of substrate heating system in mpcvd and guided the preparation of heating materials for substrate. and then the heating materials for substrate were designed and optimized to obtain large area homogeneous temperature distribution even larger than substrate holder ' s diameter. as an important part, this thesis researched the nucleation and growth of diamond films in mpcvd, systematically researched the effects of substrate pretreatment, methane concentration, deposition pressure and substrate temperature etc experimental technologic parameters on diamond films " quality on ( 100 ) single crystal silicon substrate in the process of mpcvd, characterized the films qualities in laser raman spectra ( raman ), x - ray diffraction ( xrd ), scanning electron microscopy ( sem ), infrared transmission spectra ( ir ), atomic force microscopy ( afm ), determined the optimum parameters for mpcvd high quality diamond in the mpcvd - 4 mode system
該系統可通過沉積參數的精確控制，以控制沉積過程，減少金剛石膜生長過程中的缺陷，並採用光纖光譜儀檢測分析等離子體的可見光光譜以監測微波等離體化學氣相沉積過程；利用微波對材料的選擇加熱特性，通過構造等效方程，並首次將電磁場攝動理論引入到mpcvd的基片加熱材料的設計中，建立了非均勻等離子體溫度場綜合模型、復合介質基片材料的復合溫度場模型及復合介質材料溫度場攝動模型，為mpcvd的基片加熱系統設計提供了一條全新的技術路線以指導基片加熱材料的制備，並對基片加熱材料進行了設計和優選，以獲取大面積均勻的溫度場區，甚至獲得大於基片臺尺寸的均勻溫度區；作為研究重點之一，開展了微波等離體化學氣相沉積金剛石的成核與生長研究，系統地研究了在（ 100 ）單晶硅基片上mpcvd沉積金剛石膜的實驗過程中，基片預處理、甲烷濃度、沉積氣壓、基體溫度等不同實驗工藝參數對金剛石薄膜質量的影響，分別用raman光譜、 x射線衍射（ xrd ） 、掃描電鏡（ sem ） 、紅外透射光譜（ ir ） 、原子力顯微鏡（ afm ）對薄膜進行了表徵，確立了該系統上mpcvd金剛石膜的最佳的實驗工藝參數。Then, this thesis concerns with the wavelet transform and its application in power system and compare the deficiency vs strongpoint between the fourier transform, short - time fourier transform. this article point out that wavelet transform fit for non - stationary signals analysis and put it into the measurement of voltage sag. based on the comparion of several algorithm of voltage sag measurement in the literature, the thesis put up a new voltage sag measurement algorithm - - - combination of wavlet transform and root - mean - square. the thesis validate the algorithm according to simulation and actual measuring data
並將小波分析用於電壓凹陷的測量中。在詳細對比了現有文獻上已有的幾種凹陷檢測演算法的基礎上，提出了有效值與小波分析相結合的電壓凹陷測量演算法，文章對小波函數的選取，處理時的去噪，分解尺度的確定等問題進行了詳細的論述，從而實現了本文提出的電壓凹陷定義的測量。根據實測數據和模擬數據，對該演算法進行了驗證，證明該演算法是可行的。It is built as an open platform for scientific research on groundwater circulation at different scale, resource and environment effects, water - salt flux variation at interface and effects on the global climate induced by human activities, assessments of regional groundwater and the detective technology, isotopes during the groundwater evolution, numerical simulation and predict technique
發揮我所尖端科研資源優勢，建設開放式創新研究平臺，主要支持開展不同時空尺度地下水循環演化過程、資源與環境效應及其動力學，層圈間不同界面水鹽通量變化及其對全球氣候變化和人類活動影響的響應機制，區域含水層系統探測技術與評價理論，地下水演化的同位素與數值模擬、預測技術等研究。These models, such as city pressing model, time assisting model, income forcing model, resource attracting model, are the reification of the mode. as the result of the typical investigation of the consumer behavior of vacation tourists is shown, consumer behavior of vacation tourists, compared with that of sightseeing tourists have its own characteristics : smaller trdi, stronger mental effects, more individualized and self - oriented behavior, deeper involvement, and the higher possibility of the relationship establishment
基於度假旅遊者消費行為模式的典型調查分析結果顯示：度假旅遊者消費行為與傳統的觀光旅遊消費行為相比，具有中尺度旅遊空間中trdi較小、個體心理效用強、個性化和自我性較重、高強度投入與參與體驗、互動性強和深入建立關系的可能性及傾向性大等特點。Main features of the position - pay system are : " pay by position, when position changes, pay changes correspondingly ", with position as basis, fully embodies the conformity of position responsibility, technique, labor intensity, position environment and rewards, set up the multi - combination pay system which takes position labor as main body, 4 labor factors such as position responsibility as scale, labor efficiency and performance as distribution basis. this system proved to be very useful
崗薪制的主要特徵是： 「以崗定薪、崗變薪變」 ，以崗位為基礎，充分體現崗位責任、技能、勞動強度、崗位環境與報酬的一致性，建立了以崗位勞動為主體，以崗位責任等四大勞動要素為尺度，以勞動效率額工作實效為分配依據的多元化組合工資制度，具有比較好的應用價值。分享友人