等效最小值 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [děngxiàozuìxiǎozhí]
等效最小值 英文
equivalent minimum
  • 等 : Ⅰ量詞1 （等級） class; grade; rank 2 （種; 類） kind; sort; type Ⅱ形容詞（程度或數量上相同） equa...
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 最 : 副詞（表示某種屬性超過所有同類的人或事物） most; best; worst; first; very; least; above all; -est
  • 小 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （體積、面積、數量、強度等不大） small; little; petty; minor 2 （年紀小的; 年幼的） youn...
  1. Abstract : based on the principle of mininmum potential and using rayleigh - ritz method, the geometric non - linear analysis of higher bridge piers was solved in this paper. the new concept of equivalent horizontal force proposed by the author may be casily to calculate the second effect, which was produced due to the vertical forces and resisted by the piers and rubber pad bearings incorporately. the simple formula in this paper are applicable to calculate by hand, understood clearly without computation of successive iteration, higher precision and graspable easily for the disigmer therefore it has the practical significance

    文摘:根據最小勢能原理，用瑞雷-里茲法解決了高橋墩的幾何非線性分析問題；其次，提出了等效水平力的新概念，可以方便地解決橋墩和板式橡膠支座聯合抵抗垂直力所產生的二次效應問題.筆者提出適合於手算的簡便計算公式，概念明確，勿須迭代運算，精度較高，易為設計人員掌握，因此具有實用價值
  2. The results show that the genetic diversity of filial generations is higher than self - bred progeny ’ s ， the hybrid vigor has manifested at metabolization level 。 the proportion of polymorphic loci ( p. 99 ) in f1 generations was 30. 77 - 36. 36 % ， the mean observed heterozygosity ( ho ) of jmcf （ japanese male chinese female ） was the highest with 0. 1727, the rest populations were ： jfcm （ japanese female chinese male ） 0. 1536 、 cp 0. 1273 and jp 0. 1055 ， the mean effective number of allels per locus in f1 generations ： cp ’ s was the highest with 1. 7318 ， jp ’ s was the lowest with 1. 6718 ， the filial generations ’ values were in the midle of the cp ’ s and jp ’ s and between them there was no brightly difference, with 1. 6955 ( jfp ) and 1. 6927 ( jmp )

    各組的平均雜合度預期值也表現出該趨勢，即：日自交組最低，為0 . 1786 ，日雄中雌雜交組的平均雜合度最高，為0 . 1964 ，日雌中雄雜交組和中自交組分別是0 . 1891和0 . 1865 。 hardy - weinberg平衡下遺傳偏離指數也是雜交組的小於自交組的，平均每個位點的等位基因有效數目中自交組最高為1 . 7318 ，日自交組最低為1 . 6718 ，兩雜交組群體的這一指數相差不多，分別是1 . 6955和1 . 6927 ，位於兩親本的中間水平。
  3. The asteroids are the most important small bodies in the solarsystem, and they mainly lies in the two locations - a main belt between the mars ' s orbit and the jupiter ' s and the near - earth space. the most feature of the orbits of near - earth asteroids ( neas ) is that the semi - major axes of the orbits are nearly equal to that of the earth or the perihelia distances are approximate to or even less than the mean distance between the sun and the earth, thus they could move into inside of the earth ' s orbit, so that they might close approach or even colliside with the earth ( or other planets, such as the venus, the mars, etc. ). the characteristic brings about some difficulties in the numerical research during their orbital evolution, which leads to the failure of the normalization technique in the general removal impact singularities of celestial mechanics methods and the symplectic algorithm which is successfully applied to the investigation in quality. by comparing the computation effects of several common numerical methods ( including symplectic algorithm ), and considering the nature of the movement of the small bodies, the corresponding treatments are provided here to improve the reliability of the computation

    小行星是太陽系最重要的一類小天體，主要分佈在兩個區域；火星和木星軌道之間的一條主帶和近地空間.近地小行星軌道的最大特點是其軌道半長徑與地球軌道半長徑相近，或近日距離接近甚至小於日地平均距離，其運動可深入到地球軌道的內部，這將導致該類小行星與地球（還有金星、火星等）十分靠近甚至發生碰撞.這一特徵給其軌道演化數值研究帶來一些困難，包括天體力學方法中一般消除碰撞奇點的正規化處理以及對定性研究十分成功的辛演算法都將在不同程度上失效.通過對幾種常用數值方法（包括辛演算法）計算效果的比較，根據小天體運動自身的特性，給出了相應處理措施，從而可提高計算結果的可靠性
  4. First from system aspect, this paper uses voltage sensitivity, pv curves method, equivalent reactive compensation method, back - up generation method to evaluate the reactive value of the generators in seven buses system and ieee 14 buses system. the vs and pv methods can evaluate the source ' s ability of tracking the load ' s variation. the erc and back - up methods can evaluate the availability of replacing other generators. the value determines the cost

    從對系統貢獻角度，採用電壓靈敏度方法（ vs法） 、 pv曲線法、等效無功補償法（ erc ） 、無功備用方法來確定一個七節點系統中的發電機的無功價值和ieee14節點系統的發電機的無功價值，電壓靈敏度法和pv曲線法可比較出不同電源跟蹤負荷變化的靈敏度大小，而等效無功補償法和無功備用方法可比較出不同電源替換其它發電機是否是最有效率的。
  5. Aiming at such problems in combustion system of homemade middle and miniature boiler, as a complex system with the character of dead zone, time variation, serious non - linearity, large time delay, coupling and a lot of disturbance, this paper presents a new set of optimal control resources. by using well - matched control method on system, stable automatic running is realized. having the serious divulgence coals difference a lot from each other in character, instability of chemistry, value of lowest emission of heat, home - made boiler controller is not at all ideal. instead of traditional model that controls the ratio based on proportional control or with the correct signal of the amount of oxygen, this paper, combined with intellect control theory - - fuzzy control and self - optimizing concept, propounded a kind of fuzzy self - optimizing controller to be used in air supplying system of the boiler, and expatiates on the idea of dividing the control process into two parts, dynamic and static to realize, thus meets the demand of homemade boiler economic running

    本設計針對國產中、小型電站鍋爐燃燒系統參數時變、嚴重非線性、干擾因素復雜、耦合嚴重、模型不易確定的特點，提出多變量協調控制方案，解決了系統可控性差，難以實現穩定自動運行的問題；在此基礎上，改變以往以煙氣含氧量控制送風的傳統模式，針對國產電站鍋爐設備主體及一、二次送風迴路泄露嚴重，煤種混雜、成分不穩定、燃燒發熱值低、燃燒效率不高等問題，應用智能控制理論中的模糊控制技術，結合自尋最優控制的思想，設計了一種模糊自尋優控制器，應用在電站鍋爐送風控制系統上，並闡述了動靜態兩種實現途徑，通過在線優化風煤配比，實現最佳經濟燃燒，切實保障了鍋爐的經濟運行。
  6. According to the guidline, two nd : yag lasers have been designed and set up, one is end - pumped by lower output power ld using a selfoc micro lens, and the other is end - pumped by high output power ld using a pair of lenses are designed, and the characteristics such as output power and power stabilization of both solid - state lasers are investigated. thirdly, when an empty liquid crystal cell is inserted in the cavity of the nd : yag laser pumped by high power ld, the laser can operates in single axial mode. finally, according to the relationship between the laser output power and the longnitudinal a ld - end - pumped nd : yag laser sensor for displacement measurement has been investigated theoretically and demonstrated experimently, the results indicate that when the mean radius of pumping inside the laser cavity is far less than that of the oscilating laser mode, the exponential of the output power is a gauss function of the longitudinal positon of focused spot of ld pumping beam, both the measurement range and the sensitivity are dependent on the incident pumping power, as the incident pumping power is increased, the measurement range is enlarged and the sensitivity is improve d

    本文首先介紹了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的發展狀況、主要特性及其應用，從四能級速率方程出發，推導了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的閾值、輸出功率和斜效率的表達式，並簡述了激光器的工作原理、結構型式和倍頻方法；其次，以空間相關的速率方程為基礎，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光器的設計方法，給出了一定泵浦耦合方式下，振蕩光模尺寸、最佳輸出耦合率、泵浦光模尺寸、泵浦光焦斑位置等參數的選取依據，以此為依據，設計了自聚焦透鏡耦合小功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器和透鏡組耦合高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器，對激光器的輸出功率和功率穩定性等特性進行了實驗研究；再次，在帶尾纖輸出的高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光腔內插入一隻空液晶盒，觀察到了激光器以單縱模運轉；最後，根據泵浦光焦斑端面位置對激光輸出功率的影響規律，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光位移傳感新方法，並進行了理論和實驗研究，研究結果表明：當激光晶體內泵浦光平均光斑半徑遠小於振西安理工大學碩士學位論文蕩光束腰半徑時，激光輸出功率的自然指數與泵浦光焦斑的縱向位置成高斯變化規律，測量范圍和靈敏度依賴于泵浦功率，隨著泵浦功率的增加，測量范圍擴大，靈敏度提高，當端面泵浦功率為7 . 24w （最大輸出功率為1 . 926w ）時，激光位移傳感器的測量范圍和靈敏度分別是13 . 045mm和0 . 148mw / pm 。
  7. It can acquire the voltage on the test appliance and current in the circuit. and it can see these electrical signals as its input and calculates based on the data and gives the parameters and waveform that user needed. the parameters we can get through calculation include power factor, joule ' s integral, available value, maximal value, minimum value, time constant etc. recently, there are many scholar is studying the algorithm that calculate the parameter using test data, but many of them adopt the heuristic method, not using the test data directly

    本課題研製一套電器試驗參數高速採集系統，能夠檢測試驗迴路中試品上的電壓信號和迴路中的電流信號，並根據這些電信號的數值利用計算機進行在線計算，並給出用戶需要的各種電參數值和用戶需要的波形圖，通過計算得到的電器參數有功率因數、焦耳積分、有效值、最大最小值、時間常數等。
  8. This paper illustrates detailedly the thin groupware auto - adaptive recognition system ; it also illlustrates the procession of capture image and take indispensable foreclose to wipe off noise in order to get boundary easilyer. the recognition system uses " hough " transform method to make the recognition area orientation, and according to the unstable environment such as lights which leads to the change of the image ' s brightness, thresholds picture using an iterative selection method and then growing process for cell image segmentation based on local color similarity and global shape criteria, adaptively gets the best threshold to divide the washer off the background. the recognition system uses the classifier based on minimal - error - ratio bayes method to make decision after getting image characteristic

    本文詳細介紹了薄形組合件自適應識別系統；闡明了圖像的分通道自動採集過程，以及對採集到的原始圖像所進行的預處理方法。通過採用哈夫變換去除偽邊緣點的方法，有效地解決了識別區域的定位問題。針對裝配零件（主要是墊片）薄、小導致圖像信息少、識別難度大，以及材質不一導致採集到的組合件圖像亮度波動等問題，提出了使用最佳閾值迭代法和使用種子填充的圖像串列分割技術，自適應地找出最佳閡值，使墊片和背景分離，從而提取墊片數目信息。
  9. First, introduce the reasons and character of current banking m & a, then summarized the former studies of the three ways of m & a to efficiency gaining : size versus size economy, m & a versus banks efficiency, and m & a versus shareholders wealth. then introduce the research approaches of m & a efficiency gaining, especially the approaches of m & a versus banks efficiency, such as parametric frontier approaches and non - parametric frontier approaches. in the following, through roe model and dea model to study the relations between size and efficiency, finding : middle size banks efficiency is higher, larger banks have n ' t scale economy, small banks have low em, and through directly analyzing m & a efficiency of four commercial banking m & a case in china, finding : the past - merged efficiency of shanghai pudong development bank has been improved, and others have been deduced, but after three years the efficiency increased little by little

    首先，分析了當前銀行並購的主要原因、特徵以及我國銀行並購的現狀與特點；接著對銀行效率水平的概念進行分析，綜述了國外對銀行並購與效率獲利的三方面的研究（考察銀行的規模與效率這種間接方式、比較並購行並購前後的效率以及並購行與非並購行的效率和考察上市銀行並購前後股東財富的變化這兩種直接方式）的有關文獻；再次對銀行並購與銀行效率獲利的分析方法進行了介紹，其中詳細地研究了前沿分析法：參數分析法和非參數分析法，並指出了這些方法的特點；然後運用財務比率分析法和dea方法對我國商業銀行規模與效率從間接角度對銀行並購產生的效率獲利進行了實證研究，結果發現：中等規模的商業銀行的效率最佳，而小規模的銀行的em值較低，同時大規模的商業銀行的規模無效；同時利用我國已發生的四個銀行並購案從直接的角度對我國商業銀行並購的效率獲利進行分析，結果發現：除上海埔東發展銀行在並購後效率提高，其他三家銀行並購后的效率都有所下降，但並購后第三年效率又逐漸回升。
  10. The discussion of cultural construction mode in baibuting community is developed as following : the first part presents author ' s motivation in carrying out the research, defining some concepts and introducing a few common modes of cultural construction in urban communities. the second part is a detailed description of fundamental ideas and content, advocating the notion of " human oriented, moral centered, law abiding, trying to creating a modern community with the capacity of sustainable development ", introducing its unique homestead culture. the third part sets forth the innovation of community culture construction modes in baibuting community : in order to create a, human - oriented community culture, establish a peaceful and content environment for the socialism ideology, the baibuting community made innovation on community management system ; by the analysis of the occupational statistics and object groups, the author found out that most of residents come from the middle class ; then, the author gives the definition of middle class and its general features in a sociological perspective ; finally, the thesis analyses the characteristics of the community residents " pursuit of culture and the harmonious development of community culture in aspects like value system, consumption habits, cultural needs

    本文通過理論學習，對百步亭花園社區文化建設的模式進行了探索研究，在現狀調查過程中，筆者發現百步亭的社區文化建設之所以成功，除了開發商和物業管理中心的組織建設外，還有小區居民的積極參與合作，三者密不可分，而這又與居民所屬的階層文化訴求密切相關，於是，本文就百步亭社區文化建設模式作了論述，思路如下：文章的第一部分：提出本文研究的緣起，並對一些與本文有關的概念作了界定，還介紹了幾種城市社區文化建設的一般模式；文章的第二部分：介紹百步亭花園社區文化建設模式的基本思想和內容，提出了「以人為本、以德為魂、以法為行，努力創造可持續發展的現代文明社區」的口號，並介紹了其獨具特色的家園文化；文章的第三部分：對百步亭社區文化建設模式的創新作了論述：百步亭社區為了營造以人為本的社區文化，構建社區安居樂業工程，為社會主義思想道德體系提供良好的社會文化環境，在社區管理體制上作了創新；還通過對百步亭社區居民的職業統計，來源群體，分析出其從屬的社會階層主要是社會的中間階層；再次，從社會學角度，定義了中間階層及一般特徵；最後從價值觀、認同感，消費觀念、文化需求等方面，分析了其文化訴求的特徵和與社區文化的協調發展；文章的第四部分：從整合功能和導向功能兩方面總結了百步亭社區文化建設的社會效應；並對百步亭社區文化建設模式的不足提出了意見和建議。
  11. In chapter two, under non - lipschitz condition, the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the second kind of bsde is researched, based on it, the stability of the solution is proved ; in chapter three, under non - lipschitz condition, the comparison theorem of the solution of the second kind of bsde is proved and using the monotone iterative technique, the existence of minimal and maximal solution is constructively proved ; in chapter four, on the base of above results, we get some results of the second kind of bsde which partly decouple with sde ( fbsde ), which include that the solution of the bsde is continuous in the initial value of sde and the application to optimal control and dynamic programming. at the end of this section, the character of the corresponding utility function has been discussed, e. g monotonicity, concavity and risk aversion ; in chapter 5, for the first land of bsde, using the monotone iterative technique, the existence of minimal and maximal solution is proved and other characters and applications to utility function are studied

    首先，第二章在非lipschitz條件下，研究了第二類方程的解的存在唯一性問題，在此基礎上，又證明了解的穩定性；第三章在非lipschitz條件下，證明了第二類bsde解的比較定理，並在此基礎上，利用單調迭代的方法，構造性證明了最大、最小解的存在性；第四章在以上的一些理論基礎之上，得到了相應的與第二類倒向隨機微分方程耦合的正倒向隨機微分方程系統的一些結果，主要包括倒向隨機微分方程的解關于正向隨機微分方程的初值是具有連續性的，得到了最優控制和動態規劃的一些結果，在這一章的最後還討論了相應的效用函數的性質，如，效用函數的單調性、凹性以及風險規避性等;第五章，針對第一類倒向隨機微分方程，運用單調迭代方法，證明了最大和最小解的存在性，並研究了解的其它性質及在效用函數上的應用。
  12. The retaining wall reclining on the slight slope built on soft foundation is usually used in protecting the shore of river, the contradiction between the lack of impartiality in stress of the base and the small stress allowed by the foundation as well as the lack of stabilization of the breast wall is a hard nut to crack in the engineering. in the paper, a tenon - base is added under the base of the retaining wall, on the study of the choice of the parameters and formulas used in calculation and the research of theory used in calculation, method used to deal with the load, etc, the writer gives a way to crack the nut mentioned above paragraphs and presents a qualitative and quantitative analysis about them, such as the equivalent inner friction - angle ( d ) and the passive press of the clay ( ep ), etc. in the end of the paper, using modern optimization method, a design of the retaining wall reclining on the slight slope built on soft foundation is done, the result is economical, and accords with the fact

    軟基上的仰斜式擋土墻在水利工程河道護岸中經常遇到，仰斜式擋土墻基底偏心應力較大和軟基土地基容許承載力偏小的矛盾以及擋土墻抗滑穩定不足是工程中難以解決的難題。本文在對仰斜式擋土墻設計中有關計算參數的選擇、公式的選用應該注意的問題進行了研究，對河道護岸軟基礎上的仰斜式擋土墻採用凸榫基礎處理的方法，就其計算理論、設計驗算中各荷載的具體處理方法進行了較為細致的研究，提出了解決軟基礎上的水工仰斜式擋土墻難以解決的難題的方法，並對有水情況下粘土等效內摩擦角_ d 、凸榫被動土壓力e _ p等在計算中的取值提出了定性和定量的分析。最後利用現代優化方法對軟基礎上的水工仰斜式擋土墻進行了結構優化設計，得出了符合實際的結果，與其它重力式擋土墻形式進行比較，取得了明顯的經濟效益。
  13. Considering the fuzziness of some boundary conditions enviroment media, and especially some loads in the engineering structure analysis, we go further into the computation based on the dynamic problem of fuzzy finite element ( ffe ), study further and systematically the analysis and solution. the principle of fuzzy minimum potential energy is established, and the balance equation of fuzzy finite element is reasoned by making fuzzy variation. at the same time, the dynamic balance equation of stochastic by making stochastic variation ， also the fuzzy stochastic dynamic balance equation is deduced. based the theory that the degree of the fuzziness and probability can be measured, in the other word, by using the concept of fuzzy entropy and entropy, pure fuzzy dynamic structure is given through transforming the probability to fuzziness. for the fuzzy parameter can be regarded as a fuzzy vector with dimensions, the structure ' s eigenvalue, by the theory of small parameter

    建立了模糊瞬時最小勢能原理，運用模糊變分原理導出了模糊有限元動力平衡方程；同時，利用隨機變分原理導出了動力問題的隨機有限元方程，同時得到了模糊隨機動力問題的有限元平衡方程。根據模糊度和概率度可以度量的原理，即利用模糊熵和概率熵的概念，把結構的隨機性等效地轉化為結構的模糊性，得到純粹模糊性的動力結構。把結構所具有的模糊參數看作一個維的模糊向量，利用小參數攝動原理，把結構的特徵值，特徵向量和位移都在模糊向量的均值處進行泰勒展開，得到一組遞歸方程，即可以求得結構的模糊特徵值，特徵向量和模糊位移。
  14. Abstract : a new method, collaborative allocation ( ca ), is proposed to solve the large - scale optimum allocation problem in aircraft conceptual design. according to the characteristics of optimum allocation in aircraft conceptual design. the principle and mathematical model of ca are established. the optimum allocation problem is decomposed into one main optimization problem and several sub - optimization problems. a group of design requirements for subsystems are provided by the main system respectively, and the subsystems execute their own optimizations or further provide the detailed design requirements to the bottom components of aircraft, such as spars, ribs and skins, etc. the subsystems minimize the discrepancy between their own local variables and the corresponding allocated values, and then return the optimization results to main optimization. the main optimization is performed to reallocate the design requirements for improving the integration performance and progressing toward the compatibilities among subsystems. ca provides the general optimum allocation architecture and is easy to be carried out. furthermore, the concurrent computation can also be realized. two examples of optimum reliability allocation are used to describe the implementation procedure of ca for two - level allocation and three - level allocation respectively, and to validate preliminarily its correctness and effectiveness. it is shown that the developed method can be successfully used in optimum allocation of design requirements. then taking weight requirement allocation as example, the mathematical model and solution procedure for collaborative allocation of design requirements in aircraft conceptual design are briefly depicted

    文摘:探討了一種新的設計指標最優分配方法- -協同分配法，用於處理飛機頂層設計中的大規模設計指標最優分配問題.分析了飛機頂層設計中的設計指標最優分配特徵，據此給出了協同法的原理並建立了數學模型.協同法按設計指標分配關系將最優分配問題分解為主系統優化和子系統優化，主優化對子系統設計指標進行最優分配，子優化以最小化分配設計指標值與期望設計指標值之間的差異為目標，進行子系統最優設計，或對底層元件（如飛機翼梁、翼肋和翼盒等）進行設計指標最優分配，並把最優解信息反饋給主優化.主優化通過子優化最優解信息構成的一致性約束協調分配量，提高系統整體性能，並重新給出分配方案.主系統與子系統反復協調，直到得到設計指標最優分配方案.兩層可靠度指標分配算例初步驗證了本文方法的正確性與可行性，三層可靠度指標分配算例證明了本文方法的有效性.最後，以重量指標分配為例，簡要敘述了針對飛機頂層設計中設計指標協同分配的數學模型和求解思路
  15. A new method, collaborative allocation ( ca ), is proposed to solve the large - scale optimum allocation problem in aircraft conceptual design. according to the characteristics of optimum allocation in aircraft conceptual design. the principle and mathematical model of ca are established. the optimum allocation problem is decomposed into one main optimization problem and several sub - optimization problems. a group of design requirements for subsystems are provided by the main system respectively, and the subsystems execute their own optimizations or further provide the detailed design requirements to the bottom components of aircraft, such as spars, ribs and skins, etc. the subsystems minimize the discrepancy between their own local variables and the corresponding allocated values, and then return the optimization results to main optimization. the main optimization is performed to reallocate the design requirements for improving the integration performance and progressing toward the compatibilities among subsystems. ca provides the general optimum allocation architecture and is easy to be carried out. furthermore, the concurrent computation can also be realized. two examples of optimum reliability allocation are used to describe the implementation procedure of ca for two - level allocation and three - level allocation respectively, and to validate preliminarily its correctness and effectiveness. it is shown that the developed method can be successfully used in optimum allocation of design requirements. then taking weight requirement allocation as example, the mathematical model and solution procedure for collaborative allocation of design requirements in aircraft conceptual design are briefly depicted

    探討了一種新的設計指標最優分配方法- -協同分配法，用於處理飛機頂層設計中的大規模設計指標最優分配問題.分析了飛機頂層設計中的設計指標最優分配特徵，據此給出了協同法的原理並建立了數學模型.協同法按設計指標分配關系將最優分配問題分解為主系統優化和子系統優化，主優化對子系統設計指標進行最優分配，子優化以最小化分配設計指標值與期望設計指標值之間的差異為目標，進行子系統最優設計，或對底層元件（如飛機翼梁、翼肋和翼盒等）進行設計指標最優分配，並把最優解信息反饋給主優化.主優化通過子優化最優解信息構成的一致性約束協調分配量，提高系統整體性能，並重新給出分配方案.主系統與子系統反復協調，直到得到設計指標最優分配方案.兩層可靠度指標分配算例初步驗證了本文方法的正確性與可行性，三層可靠度指標分配算例證明了本文方法的有效性.最後，以重量指標分配為例，簡要敘述了針對飛機頂層設計中設計指標協同分配的數學模型和求解思路
  16. For shutters, the results show : 1 ) according to the formula p =, the theoretical value of is calculated by the effective velocity of the flow, and its engineering value is calculated by the arriving velocity of the flow, the relationship between the theoretical value of and its engineering value is 2 ) the smaller value of declining angle will result in the smaller pressure loss and smaller outlet velocities. as a result, the declining angle of 30 擄 or less is recommended in some places which need small wind velocity, such as broadcasting studio and library, and the declining angle of 45 擄 or less is recommended in places which need big wind velocity, such as cinema and office ; 3 ) the larger value of ratio between the wide of the shutter b and the space between two boards h ( b / h ) will result in the larger pressure loss and smaller outlet velocities. the range of b / h from 0. 8 to 2. 0 and the optimum value 1. 2 is recommended ; 4 ) the range of b from 10 mm to 50 nun and the optimum value 40 mm is recommended ; 5 ) the proper thickness of the boards 8 of the shutters is 1. 5 mm ; 6 ) cuneiform boards should replace the rectangle inlet boards of the shutters in order to obtain better ventilation

    數值模擬採用fluent軟體，計算結果用excel進行處理，通過對大量數值工況進行數值模擬計算，結果表明：對于單側百葉風口，計算表明： 1 ）對于公式p = （ ~ 2 ） 2 ，的理論計算值中定義為流體流經百葉風口內部時的速度，即有效速度，而工程上常使用流體的來流速度來計算，計算表明，的理論計算值與工程應用值的關系為（ _ （理論） ） （ _ （工程） ） = 0 . 813 ； 2 ）當來流速度一定時，擋板傾斜角度越小，壓力損失越小、出口速度越小；因此在要求進口風速比較小的場所，如播音室、圖書館等，宜採用擋板角度30的百葉風口；在要求進口風速比較大的場所，如電影院、辦公室等，百葉擋板的角度應選45 ； 3 ）當來流速度一定時，百葉擋板的擋板寬度b與擋板間距h的比值b h越大，壓力損失越大，出口速度越小，計算表明，鑒于壓力損失、出口風速、板間形成渦流區的大小，百葉擋板的b h值取0 . 8到2 . 0之間， b h = 1 . 2為最佳值； 4 ）當來流速度一定時，在計算的條件下，當百葉擋板寬度b = 40mm時，百葉擋板的阻力系數最小，考慮到渦流區等的影響，建議選用10mm b 50mm的百葉擋板；西安建築科技大學碩士學位論文5 ）百葉擋板的厚度取為1 . sinln為好; 6 ）百葉擋板的入口側可選用具有傾斜度的楔形擋板來代替矩形擋板，利用其較好的導流作用，可得到更好的出流效果。
  17. Chapter four control the stock investment risk, aims at the different types of risks discussed above, has constructed a systematic scheme to control the investment risk effectively. firstly, it utilizes basic analytic approach, the technological analytic approach and index system of the risk measurement to control individual stock ' s unsystematic risks in minimum ; secondly, it uses modern investment theory to dispel the unsystematic risks through combination investment. finally, our country should introduce the stock price index futures and so on in good time, utilize stock price index futures to hedge the stock portfolio and control the systematic risks of the stock portfolio, thus can finally realize the effective systematic controls on stock investment

    第四章「證券投資風險的控制」 ，針對前面討論的不同種類的風險，構造k碩士學位論文物篇夕m引皿』 s 」 l 」 i壓引s一了個有效控制投資風險的系統方案：首先，利用基本分析法、技術分析法和風險度量指標體系，將單個證券的非系統性風險控制在最小；其次，利用現代投資理論，通過組合投資來消除非系統性風險；最後，我國應適時推出股票指數期貨等衍生余融工具，利用股指期貨對證券組合進行套期保值，就能控制證券組合的系統性風險，最終實現對證券投資風險的有效系統控制。
  18. Least square method is used to eliminate linearity errors of system as result of asymmetric illumination and fitting. averaging method of neighborhood and medium filtering method are used to effectively overcome thermionic noise as result of courses of image transferring, gathering and quantization and so on

    對由於光照不均以及安裝等存在的系統線性誤差，採用最小二乘法線性擬合加以消除；對由於圖像採集、傳輸、量化過程中產生的熱電子噪聲，利用了鄰域平均和加權中值濾波方法來有效地減小。
  19. Later on, after elaborating the disadvantages of the old methods in detecting and recognizing moving objects, a series of corresponding approaches are proposed, such as grid scan, local tracking bug and dynamic window in object tracing to reduce the huge data needed to be processed, maximum and minimum for selecting a proper segmentation threshold and improved conversion from rgb model to hsv and so on to decrease the influence of inhomogeneous lighting and the color noise, a bilinear interpolation in each quadrant to eliminate the bad effect on the recognition precise because of the distortions of the camera. after that, much emphasis is given on application study in pattern recognition with a feed - forward neural network. both the basic bp algorithm and improved bp algorithm in the study process are described in detail, and the later is used to quicken convergence speed and improve validity of the network

    然後，分析和闡明了傳統的運動目標檢測方法的不足，並在此基礎上結合研究中的實際實驗環境，提出了一系列解決方法，包括針對降低龐大數據量而提出的網格掃描、局部「跟蟲」追蹤和動態窗口掃描等目標檢測方法，針對實驗環境中光照不均和顏色干擾提出基於人機交互的最大最小值閾值選取方法和引入改進的rgb模型到hsv模型的轉換方法，為消除圖像畸變對識別精度的惡劣影響而採用的通過控制點進行雙線性插值進行畸變校正的方法；緊接著，概述了神經網路的發展歷史和幾種常用神經網路模型的特點，重點研究了前饋型神經網路在模式識別中的應用問題，詳細闡述了基本的bp演算法和學習過程中bp演算法的改進，從而使網路收斂速度更快，解決問題更有效，並在此基礎上，設計了一個基於bp神經網路的運動目標識別系統，給出了實驗結果。
  20. 2. to the problem that the data table will be searched many times in mining of associative rules, an algorithm using with equivalence classes concept of rough analysis in the mining of single - dimensional boolean associative rules is introduced. the algorithm uses multiple minimal support thresholds instead of single minimal support threshold to settle with its limitation in the finding of frequent items, which makes the resultant rules set more proficiency, and including more significant rules

    針對關聯規則挖掘過程中多次搜索數據表的問題，將rough分析的等效類概念引入到關聯規則挖掘中，針對單維布爾關聯規則問題提出一種挖掘演算法，同時針對單一的最小支持度閾值的缺點，提出使用多個最小支持度閾值來進行頻繁項集挖掘，可使得結果規則集合更加精練，包含更多的有意義規則。
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