等高線地形圖 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [děnggāoxiàndexíngtú]
等高線地形圖 英文
contour chart
  • 等 : Ⅰ量詞1 （等級） class; grade; rank 2 （種; 類） kind; sort; type Ⅱ形容詞（程度或數量上相同） equa...
  • 高 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （從下向上距離大; 離地面遠） tall; high 2 （在一般標準或平均程度之上; 等級在上的） above...
  • 線 : 名詞1 （用絲、棉、金屬等製成的細長的東西） thread; string; wire 2 [數學] （一個點任意移動所構成的...
  • 圖 : Ⅰ名詞1 （繪畫表現出的形象; 圖畫） picture; chart; drawing; map 2 （計劃） plan; scheme; attempt 3...
  • 等高 : equal altitude [height]; accordant
  1. The basic concept of terrain information content is proposed after an overall review of existing research achievement. applying a series of analysis and data processing method, like math - analysis, mathematical statistics, comparative, error visualizing, this paper carefully investigated the terrain information content characteristic of dems of 1 : 50000 map scale of loess plateau area

    本文在對前人已有研究成果進行系統總結的基礎上，首先明確了dem地形信息容量的基本概念，並運用數學分析、數理統計、比較分析、誤差地圖等方法，以海拔高程與等高線為研究對象，以1 ： 1萬比例尺dem為參考真值，探討了黃土丘陵溝壑區1 ： 5萬dem的地形信息容量特徵。
  2. In this paper, the main research works are as follows : 1 ) survey and analysis previous work in auv navigation and summarize : as the cumulate error, the dead - reckoning and inertial navigation systems ca n ' t be used without other modified system ; the acoustic navigation system is used only in small range, and is very expensive. 2 ) two important approaches in geophysical navigation techniques are summarized, one is terrain contour based navigation, this approach is investigated keystone today ; the other is image based navigation, due to no perfect image sensors and image seabed map, this approach has seldom been practised. 3 ) two important terrain contour based navigation algorithms has been applied to auv, one is match algorithm - based terrain contour match ( tercom ) ; the other is kalman filter - based sandia inertia terrain - aided navigation ( sitan )

    主要研究內容包括：一、總結分析了當前水下導航的常用方法和不足之處，指出基於航位推算的導航方法，存在著最大的問題就是導航誤差的積累問題，如果沒有修正系統，這種方法很難滿足使用要求；其次指出基於聲學的導航方法，造價昂貴，導航范圍有限，難以滿足自主水下航行器大范圍導航的需求；二、總結了當前水下地形輔助導航的主要技術路線，一是基於地形高程的匹配方法，這是當前研究的重點；二是基於地形圖像的匹配方法，由於缺乏良好的圖像傳感器，和可用的海底圖像地圖，目前這種方法還有待研究發展；三、將兩種地形高程匹配的常用方法應用到自主水下航行器上：以相關演算法為前提的地形輪廓匹配（ tercom ）方法和以卡爾曼濾波為基礎的桑迪亞慣性地形輔助導航（ sitan ）方法，前者演算法簡單可靠，但是導航精度不高，後者雖然精度比較高，但存在著演算法較為復雜、有可能發散和出現奇異值等問題。
  3. Contour lines recognition from scanned topographic maps

    掃描地形圖中等高線的識別
  4. When catchment area, average channel gradient and catchment shape factor of designed culvert or bridge are known, a user can be convenient to get local parameters c, e and b from standard contour charts and easy to calculate flood flow just by a calculator. design period of flood flow is enormously shortened as well as a high precision. estimated flood flow through culvert or small bridge by new calculation model is generally less than by traditional methods, so that much cost is cut down a s reducing the span of culvert or small bridge

    以75000km ~ 2的川中丘陵地區為試點研究區，繪制了該地區新模型的參數等值線圖，率定了不同設計頻率的改正系數，使設計者只需在地形圖上獲取集水面積，河道平均坡降和流域形狀系數，在參數等值線圖上查得橋涵所在地的相應參數，使用計算器即可迅速計算出設計流量，大大縮短了設計周期，且精度較高，設計的洪水流量一般低於傳統方法，從而可減小橋涵跨徑，節省投資。
  5. Meanwhile, we built models of data collection, soeciai point ' s altitude handling, grid point ' s altitude handling, designed a method which can rapidly collect and process terrain data by descripting the contour line with mouse, and designed corresponding software by c + + builder5. 0. therefore, military digital maps can be facilitly and quickly made and computer - aided terrain analysis can be realized, thus the system can effectively help the commanders or staffs make their decision

    同時建立了數據採集、特殊點高程處理、網路交點高程處理等模型，設計了一種可通過鼠標器描繪等高線而實現地形數據的快速採集、處理和賦值的方法，運用c + + builder5 . 0設計了相應的軟體，能夠方便、快捷地生成數字化軍用地圖並進行計算機輔助分析地形，從而能夠有效地幫助指揮員或者參謀人員進行決策。
  6. In the part of 3d modeling, some theories and technologies was discussed. then, how to build 3d terrain was analysis. this dissertation presented two new methods of terrain building : lofting based on contour and random terrain building based on fractional brown motion

    三維地形是虛擬環境的基本要素，本文總結了各種地形建模方法，提出了兩種地形建模方法：根據等高線地圖生成地形的「沿截面法線放樣法」和生成隨機地形的分形曲面法。
  7. The intersection design is very important. but in the vertical design, the designer could n ' t use the form of contour lines to express accurately his design intension. he could only write few elevations of the pavement board corners because of the complexity in design progress and the bother in calculation

    平交口立面設計，由於其設計過程復雜和計算麻煩，設計者很難以等高線等形式來準確地表達設計意圖，只能是稀疏地手工計算標注若干高程式控制制點，設計成果對施工的指導及約束作用遠不能滿足要求。
  8. After the discussion of the numerical simulation method based on the fdtd method and the pml technique, the motions of the charges and the electrical field lines were first employed to describe the radiation procedures of the pulse electromagnetic waves. then the causes of how the charges are accelerated and how the motion status of the charges are maintained were further studied from the angle of interaction of charge and field. after these analyses, it was pointed out that the pulse radiation is due to the suddenly occurred time - varying electrical field ( displacement current ) in the open space. this view was further evidenced by two examples : one is the partly resistance loaded antenna, the other is the partly curved antenna. the radiation procedures of the pulse electromagnetic waves of many different situations were simulated throughout this paper with the contours and waveforms of electric field given. these figures are very helpful to the understanding of the radiation mechanism of the pulse electromagnetic waves

    在討論了基於時域有限差分法和完全匹配層技術的數值模擬方法之後，首先從運動電荷和電力線的角度直觀地描述了脈沖電磁波的輻射過程，然後進一步從場與電荷相互作用的角度分析了天線上電荷是如何被加速以及如何維持其運動狀態的，指出了開放空間中突然出現的時變電場（位移電流）是脈沖電磁波輻射的根本原因.文中還對局部電阻加載的天線和局部彎曲的天線進行了研究，以進一步說明上述觀點.對多種情況下的脈沖輻射過程進行了數值模擬，並給出了電場的等高線和空間波形圖，這些圖形對理解脈沖電磁波的輻射機理非常有益
  9. In this paper an effective method for extracting contour lines from color scanned topographical maps is proposed. it focuses on reconnecting gaps of contour lines

    本文主要研究從彩色掃描地形圖中自動提取等高線的方法，重點解決由彩色分割造成等高線斷裂的問題。
  10. This thesis studies the method about the military map data fusion based on mapinfo : first, it introduces the classifies, the encoding and the formats of the military map data, and how to unify them ; then by programming and using the operations which maplnfo provides to realize data conversion including element stratums, attribute encoding and data formats. by this way can realize the unity in these three aspects ; finally, by using graphics clipping and contour line tracing to realize the military map data fusion

    本文重點研究了基於mapinfo平臺的軍用地圖數據融合方法：首先研究了各種軍用地圖數據的分類、編碼和格式統一的途徑；然後通過編製程序和利用mapinfo平臺的各種操作功能實現了包括要素層、屬性編碼和數據格式在內的數據轉換，實現了三種軍用地圖數據在這三方面的統一；最後，通過圖形裁剪和等高線的追蹤等演算法實現了軍用地圖的數據融合。
  11. Topographical maps are the principal frame form of gis, and realization map digitizing and offering gis basic spatial data is one of the important research fields in surveying and gis, which is also necessity of development of science and technology. based on building gis - oriented topographical mapping system theories, this themes apply the advanced objectarx technology, aim at topographical mapping and exporting to gis, and resolve several key problems, such as symbols analysis and building, dtm and contour line automatic drawing, topographical map adjoining, digital image rectifying etc. and it offers models and arithmetic, realizing the general functions of gis - oriented topographical mapping system

    本文以建設面向gis的測量繪圖平臺理論為基礎，以autocad平臺下objectarx開發技術為核心，圍繞地形圖的成圖和入庫（ gis數據庫）這一課題，對其中的關鍵技術難題? ?符號庫的建立與實現、 dtm與等高線的自動繪制、地形圖接邊、數字化柵格圖像的定向與糾正、介面數據文件的生成等進行了研究分析，提出了相應的模型和演算法，實現了面向gis的測量繪圖系統的基本功能。
  12. Using latest visual software idl ( interactive data language ) and combining trigrid function with triangulate function in idl, regular network terrain model and 3 - d shallow and deep sliding surface model of zhafangping landslide body based on delaunay triangular network is set up. it makes the sliding surface turn from " recessiveness " into " dominance ", and gets numerous different three - dimensional cubic chart, contour topographic map, the combine model of terrain model and contour topo - graphic map. and every visual model has analysed and compared in detail

    利用可視化軟體idl中的triangulate函數和trigrid函數相結合，建立了基於delaunay三角網的榨坊坪滑坡體規則格網地面模型和淺層、深層滑動面三維可視化模型，實現了該滑坡體的三維模擬與再現，使滑動面由「隱性」變為了「顯性」 ，且獲得了眾多不同角度的三維立體圖、等高線地形圖和地面模型與等高線地形圖的組合圖等，並對各可視化模型進行了詳細地分析與比較。
  13. Firstly, an eigenvector - fitting algorithm is used in contour lines color segmentation for extracting the color keys of map features ( include contour lines ) in order to reduce the phenomena of color - alias and color - misalignment

    具體工作如下:第一，採用本徵向量擬合演算法提取各類地圖符號（包括等高線）樣本的顏色特徵，用以克服掃描彩色地形圖中的顏色混淆和假彩色現象。
  14. Making full use of the correlated space information of multi - beam bathymetric data, the author put forward a method of gaussian surface approximation to build the grid net of regular digital terrain model ( dtm ) of surveyed seafloor, which is more accurate than other approximation methods

    本文充分利用了多波束數據的空間相關信息，提出了一種基於高斯地形曲面擬合的數字地理模型數據網格化方法，準確快速地得到標準等深線圖。
  15. In this thesis, the contour track method faced to dem data, which is based on the thought that translates the contour information to dem data, is put forward, and one effective inserted inside algorithm that relates on the contour interpolation generating dem data is found

    本文旨在將地形圖中等高線信息快速轉化為格網dem數據，提出了面向dem數據提取的等高線跟蹤方法，以及一種利用等高線內插生成dem數據的有效演算法，最後實現了一個完整的dem數據提取與誤差分析系統。
  16. In topographic maps, contour lines are the most important features to characterize three - dimensional terrain on two - dimensional map sheets, so its vectorization is in urgent

    而在地形圖中大量的等高線被用於描述三維地形信息，其矢量化工作更為緊迫，並且它也是生成dem數據的一種有效方法。
  17. First in chapter 1, we introduce the background of the 3 - d digital terrain map, discuss the resolution of the data source of the 3 - d digital map and propose an idea that retrieving 3 - d data with b - spline surface interpolation based on the contour line distilled from paper map

    首先在第一章中介紹了三維電子地形圖系統的研製背景，簡要介紹了解決目前三維顯示數據來源的方法，提出了從紙地圖的等高線提取三維數據的思路，並對整個方案的實現框架作了簡要的介紹。
  18. Then 3d gis and its construct is introduces briefly, and the relevant background and theory are studied, such as picture segmentation, pattern recognition and vectorization technology, etc. it is discussed in detail how to realize the data entry of contour lines ( include extraction, pretreatment, vectorization and making dem ) in 3d gis by using computer graphics, image processing and visualization programming technology, and a complete set of concrete scheme to design a system recognizing automatically contour lines from scanned data of map is put forward

    論文從地理信息系統領域研究應用的歷史和現狀入手，簡要介紹了三維地理信息系統及其構成，研究了相關的背景與理論知識，如圖像分割、模式識別和矢量化技術等等。論文重點闡述了如何運用計算機圖形學、圖像處理、可視化編程技術等實現三維地理信息系統等高線要素的數據輸入（即提取、預處理、矢量化和網格化生成dem數據高程模型這幾個基本內容） ，並提出了地圖掃描數據等高線自動識別系統設計的一整套具體方案。
  19. 5. this thesis materializes the united processing for the error - checking function in digitalization of relief maps information and dem producing. in other words, the error - checking mechanism, considering the topological relation, is embedded in the process of producing dem. this progress provides automatic error - checking method for high - quality terrain data acquisition, and greatly improves the efficiency of digitalization for relief maps

    實現了地形圖地形信息數字化的錯誤檢查與dem建立的一體化處理，即在建立dem過程中，嵌入了充分考慮地形邏輯關系的錯誤檢查機制，為獲得高質量的地形等高線數據提供了自動化檢查手段，從而大大提高了地形圖數字化的生產效率。
  20. This paper covers four key points in the 3d visualization study of terrain, including the technology of image pretreatment with contour lines, the approaches of establishing three - dimentional terrain models, the real - time reflection of geographical data and the fast display of the terrain

    論文對等高線數據圖像的預處理技術、地形三維建模的方法、地形數據的實時渲染和地形真實感快速顯示都進行了較為深入的研究。
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