算定損害賠償 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [suàndìngsǔnhàipéicháng]
算定損害賠償 英文
liquidated damages
  • 算 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算數目） calculate; reckon; compute; figure 2 （計算進去） include; count 3 （謀劃;計...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 損 : Ⅰ動詞1 （減少） decrease; lose 2 （損害） harm; damage 3 [方言] （用尖刻的話挖苦人） speak sarcas...
  • 賠 : 動詞1. （賠償） compensate; pay for 2. （做買賣虧本錢） stand a loss
  • 償 : 動詞1. （歸還; 抵補） repay; compensate for 2. （滿足） meet; fulfil
  • 損害 : harm; damage; injure; damnify; [生物學] lesion; blight
  • 賠償 : compensate for; make compensation; pay for; satisfaction; penalty; reparation
  1. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  2. The injurer not only injures the body, health and life of the injured, but also hurts the spirits of the injured by conducting the injury intentionally or negligently. it consults advanced experience that legislate abroad at the same time propose about perfecting of our country spiritual damages compensation several point of system legislate to be proposed

    文章重點結合最高人民法院《關于確定民事侵權精神損害賠償責任若干問題的解釋》 ，闡述了精神損害賠償的范圍，研究了精神損害賠償金額確定的原則和計算方法，參考國外立法例以及我國現行精神損害賠償制度存在的不足之處，提出了關于完善我國精神損害賠償制度的幾點立法建議。
  3. The basis of assessment includes the expectation and the reliance interest. the expectation interest is of principle and the reliance interest is supplementary. the reliance interest mainly appears in contracts which are profitless and where profits are difficultly ascertained

    違約損害賠償的計算基礎有二，一是期待利益，一是信賴利益;其中，期待利益居於原則性地位，信賴利益居於補充地位，信賴利益主要存在於利潤難于確定場合和虧本合同場合。
  4. The third chapter of the article mainly studies issues concerning determination of the liability for medical damages. firstly, it elaborates factors to be considered in determination of the liability for medical damages and grounds for exemption. meanwhile, it points out that medical institutions should compensate for other damage besides medical accident, and exemption clauses in medical contracts is invalid

    第三章主要研究有關確定醫療損害賠償責任的幾個問題，分析了確定醫療損害賠償責任應當考慮的因素和免責事由，提出醫療機構對醫療事故以外的損害也應當賠償，醫患雙方約定的免責條款無效，繼而明確了醫療損害賠償的范圍，討論了損害賠償數額的計算方法和標準以及損害賠償金的支付方式。
  5. In addition, liquidated damages to be paid by the contractor as compensation to the government for any works delayed are usually specified in works contracts

    一般合約亦會訂明逾期不能完成的工程，承建商所須要作出的算定損害賠償以彌補政府的損失。
  6. The compensate for blood - transfusion - infection should include : medical treatment fee, benefits losses, meals allowance for hospitalization period, nursing fees, transportation fees, room charges and direct property loss, each of the items should be fixed accordingly and use lump - sum payment

    D輸血感染丙肝的損害賠償應當包括：醫療費、誤工費、住院伙食d補助費、護理費、交通費、住宿費和財產直接損失，這些項目應當按d照實際情況確定一次性結算或者分期支付。
  7. This article makes a full research on this theory. first it analyzes the basic implications of this theory and explores the accurate legal meaning of some relative concepts, then it point out the defect in the relative theories view and that in the present law. and it point out that the injuried party ( person or legal person ) have right to claim mental compensation for damages, ect

    而不只是在損害結果實際發生后，才能尋求法律救濟:五、結合案例探討了締約過失責任在司法實踐中的適用問題，討論了締約過失責任賠償范圍的認定，賠償標準及限制等問題:六、結合案例闡述了締約過失責任賠償計算的相關規則。
  8. The author makes a comparative analysis of the provisions of the prc maritime code regulating the liability of the carrier for the death of or personal injury to a passenger and the corresponding solutions of foreign laws and international conventions. she seeks to establish to what degree the solutions of international conventions have been incorporated into the prc maritime code and predict to what degree the amendment of athens convention will impact the domestic law. at the international level the carrier ' s liability has been stated by the 1974 athens convention relating to the carriage of passengers and their luggage by sea ( athens convention )

    《海商法》及其配套法規僅就海上旅客運輸合同中承運人對旅客人身傷亡損害賠償限額作出明確的規定，我國法律和實務界對海上旅客人身傷亡損害的賠償范圍沒有作出明確規定，故作者對運輸過程中應由承運人負責的旅客人身傷亡的金錢損害賠償和精神損害賠償展開討論，參照外國和國內的相關法律制度，明確其賠償范圍和具體的計算方法。
  9. Focused on assessment & compensation for oil pollution damage from ships in dalian bay, the dissertation first makes a deep analysis of the inflection factors to oil pollution damage and then evaluates respective mathematical model, such as measurement of oil property, general models for diffuse and volatilization of such substances according to the numerical simulation of the tidal dynamics in the water of dalian bay. based on the corresponding oil pollution regulations, the scope and judgment criteria of oil pollution compensation are laid out. respective compensation measurement methods are developed after those of more mature international practice

    文中剖析溢油事故可能造成損害程度大小的影響因素，包括建立石油化學數據庫並將油品特性進行量化及通過對大連灣潮流和潮位的計算，建立溢油擴散、揮發模型等；依據現行油污賠償法規，確定油污損害應予賠償的范圍和判定標準；吸收和借鑒國際上相對成熟的評估技術，建立各項損害的賠償計算方法；運用visualbasic6 . 0對損害評估部分進行了計算機編程實現。
  10. In the course of assessing environmental pollution, a sensibility assessing method is introduced and limited dualism of fuzzy maths is applied to decide the proportion of respective sources, then educes a damage assessment formula. as to profits and gain losses, the model of remanent data discriminating of grey theory is applied to measure the anticipated interests. furthermore, a deep research and careful analysis are made about the legal matters of compensation for oil damage, and a general juristical criterion of whether compensation for respective losses should be made is defined

    筆者引入環境敏感度評價方法對環境損害進行評估，採用模糊數學的有限二元法理論確定各項資源權值，進而確定受污染區域環境綜合敏感度值；吸收華盛頓州損害評估思想，建立大連灣溢油對環境的損害評估公式；應用灰色理論中數據殘差辯識模型計算各受害人的期得利益；分析圍繞油污損害賠償的法律問題和界定各項損失應否予以賠償的一般標準。
  11. The conception for the institution of a civil liability system against the manipulation of the securities market is : acts of manipulating the securities market belongs in the category of infringement of rights ; the principle for the liability system is the presumption of fault ; the third party suffering losses as a result of the manipulation can raise claims of compensation ; the cause - effect relationship between manipulation of the market and losses are to be established through two links ; and there must be a reasonable method for calculating the compensation for losses

    摘要我國證券市場操縱行為民事責任制度建構設想是：市場操縱行為民事責任屬于侵權責任；其歸責原則是過錯責任原則，實行過錯推定；在人為操縱市場時，因買入或賣出該種有價證券而受損的善意第三人可提起賠償之訴；市場操縱與損害之間的因果關系是通過兩個關系鏈建立的；損失賠償額須有合理計算方法。
  12. Where the buyer so notifies the seller after 15 days of the agreed date of delivery, damages will run from the date of the notice

    如果買方從約定的交貨之日起15日內向賣方發出這樣的通知，損害賠償金從通知之日起算。
  13. Where the buyer so notifies the seller within 15 days from the agreed date of delivery, damages will run from the agreed date of delivery or from the last day within the agreed period of delivery

    如果買方從約定的交貨日起15日內向賣方發出這樣的通知，損害賠償金從約定的交貨日起或在約定的交貨期限內的最後一日起算。
  14. When parties have agreed with liquidated damages in contract, or disposed of their substantive rights, the rule does n ' t apply

    當合同雙方預先約定了損害賠償金或損害賠償的計算方法，或者對實體權利行使了處分權時，可預見性原則並不適用。
  15. Thus there are two areas of concern : firstly, although criminal prosecutions or administrative means have already been carried out, the infringement has occurred and the interests of the obligee has been violated. without setting definite areas of indemnification due to the infringement, the interests of the obligee cannot be assured and on the other hand, it can not prevent further torts. secondly, in evaluating the indemnification of the torts, there is no standard or scope which can cause difficulty in judicial judgment, especially in the evaluation of the intangible injury or the injury which cannot be enumerated, and in the evaluation of the evidence that causes injury

    在過去多年的司法實踐表明，單憑刑事和行政手段，未必能完全保護知識產權權利人之利益，這里有兩個方面思考：第一，即使作出了刑事和行政手段，有關的侵害行為可能已經作出，並導致權利人利益受損，在沒有規范侵權人需要為侵權行為所承擔的賠償范圍，一方面未能保障權利人之利益，另一方面也未能產生阻嚇作用，提升預防功能；第二，對侵權行為進行損害賠償計算時，並沒有統一標準和范圍，對于司法審判造成一定難度，尤其是對于非財產損害之計算、造成損失之舉證和無法列明之損失各個方面，也使法官在確定損害賠償金額時，需要考慮和注意的問題。
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