粒子通量率 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [lìzitōngliánglǜ]
粒子通量率
英文
particle fluence rate-
By making some assumptions, collision frequency were presented. then the the flocculation kinetics model was established through population balance equation. comparison of experimental data and modeling results indicate that there are the same trend between the two. so the model can predict floes number and size during flocculation of yellow river ' s loess particles without using empirical parameters. the tem and sem were used to obsever floes in the study of floe structure. the flocculation was divided as flocculi, floc and floe aggregate. the floes structure model was established by assumption that particles position in floe accords with tetrahedron. the fractal dimension of model and experimental floes was found to be coincidentso the model can reflect the structure of flocs formed in flocculation of yellow river ' s loess particles by macromolecule flocculant at a certain extent
最後，本文還對絮凝動力學和絮體結構進行了研究，在前人研究的基礎上，針對高分子絮凝黃河泥沙，對絮凝過程作了一些符合試驗條件的假設，建立了顆粒碰撞頻率表達式，應用了顆粒數量平衡方程，從而建立了絮凝過程的動力學生長模型，模型計算結果與試驗數據對比表明，二者趨勢一致，在沒有使用經驗參數的情況下基本上能夠描述黃河泥沙絮凝過程中絮體數量和尺寸分佈的變化過程；對絮體結構的研究中，應用掃描電子顯微鏡和透射電子顯微鏡對絮體進行了觀察，將絮體分為絮粒、絮團和絮網三個不同的生長階段，通過假設顆粒結合位置符西安建築科技大學博士學位論文合正四面體，建立了絮體結構模型，計算得到的模型絮體分形維數基本與試驗中的實際絮體相符，在一定程度上能夠反映高分子絮凝黃河泥沙生成的絮體結構。The activation effect of zn2 + modification, including enhancement of emission intensity, slowing of luminescence decay and increasing of quantum yields, results from the formation of zns shell outside the nanoparticles, which is passivating the surface of nanoparticles, eliminating the surface quenching centers, so as to block the nonradiative transition pathways through these kind of quenching centers
Zn ~ （ 2 + ）表面修飾在納米顆粒表面形成了zns殼層，鈍化了納米顆粒的表面，消除了表面猝滅中心，阻塞了通過表面猝滅中心進行無輻射躍遷的通道，從而使得發光強度增加，衰減變慢，量子效率提高。In this paper, we have studied the transmission of a plane wave through a 1d quasiperiodic or aperiodic chain by numerical method. moreover the heat conduction for these chains is calculated. it is found that the heat flux j ~ n - 1 ( 0. 5 < < 1 ), and depends on the on - site potentials
本文首先用數值方法，計算了各種頻率的平面波通過以上幾種典型的一維準周期和非周期鏈的透射系數，並據此研究了這幾種一維準周期和非周期鏈的熱通量j與粒子數n之間的關系，得出j n ~ （ a - 1 ） ， 0 . 5 1 ，與系統中在位勢的大小有關，並與其他系統的結果作了比較。Time - temperature superposition principle could bee applied to g " dependence on cd, and the dependence of shifted factor at on temperature demonstrated a linear relationship by a plot of in at vs. t - 1. the steady rheological measurements for nanocomposites melts were conducted. the results revealed that the melts of exfoliated nanocomposites with lower loading of org - mmt exhibited shear - thinning even at lower shear rate as compared with polymers filled with common particles, while the melts flow depended weakl
研究結果表明仁復合體系g 『和動態損耗模量寧的對數關系性呀g 『一109夕， _印維乖溫動態模量滿足時溫疊加原理，頻率移動因子（ at ）的對數與塌度的倒攀即種馬與了一『有良好的線性關系?一_面，復合體系熔體的穩態剪切流變行為具有不同於普通粒子填充聚合性。On the basis of theory analysis, the average transmitted light intensity ( correspond to dc value ) was determined as characteristic parameter of raw water using photoelectric method for monitoring the fluctuation of transmitted light and photometric dispersion analyzer ( pda ). the dc value was closely related to both particle concentration and surface area of sand clay simultaneously. the experimental results shows that there is an exponential function relation between dc and surface area of sand clay in unit volume water ( sp ) : dc = asbp in which a and b are empirical coefficients. then the formula of macromolecule flocculant dosage is found to be d = f ( dc ) = e ( dc ) f in which e and / are empirical coefficients and the average correlation coefficient equal to 0. 981. so the model of automatical control system of water treatment plant was established using the formula
應用透光率脈動檢測技術和光散射顆粒粒度分析儀（ pda ） ，通過理論分析，將pda的輸出信號之一? ?平均透光強度（對應于dc值）作為原水的特性表徵參數， dc值可以同時反映顆粒濃度和比表面積因素的影響，試驗結果證明， dc值與單位體積水中泥沙顆粒總表面積s _ p之間具有很好的冪函數關系： dc = cs _ p ~ d ，式中c 、 d為經驗系數，進而得到了以dc值為參數的高分子絮凝劑投藥量公式： d = f （ dc ） = e （ dc ） ~ f ，式中： e 、 f為經驗系數，平均相關系數達0 . 981 ，利用所建立的公式，建立了前饋? ?后饋聯合控制的在線自動投藥模型。Through the research of crosslinking of matrix resin, heating treatment of composite and mixing of different polymer, we draw some conclusions : 1 、 percolation theory can explain the phenomenon of the jump of resistance when the content of cb reach a critical volume ; 2 、 based on ohm conduct theory, abounded to the percolation the wbibull statistical theory and other theory, an adapted theory was obtained to explain the jump of resistance and the other phenomenon ; 3 、 the ntc phenomenon was eliminated by crosslinking the matrix of conductive composite, at the same time the stability of composite was improved
通過對基體樹脂的交聯、復合材料的熱處理、聚合物共混物的研究得出了如下的結論： 1 、滲濾理論能夠很好的解釋導電粒子含量達到某一值時電導率劇增的問題； 2 、在歐姆導電模型的基礎上，綜合應用了weibull統計理論模型，結合原來的體積膨脹等理論，成功的解釋了ptc復合材料在基體材料熔點附近的跳變問題、 ntc現象以及熱循環穩定性等問題； 3 、有機ptc導電復合材料經硅烷交聯以後能夠消除ntc現象，改善了導電復合材料的穩定性能。A monte carlo algorithm was presented to model the relation between the scattering phenomenon, depolarization changes and sea water depth, it is discovered that the radius of scattering point and the degree of depolarization increase with increasing of the sea water depth. at last, a optical engineering software ( lighttools ) is introduced to simulate optical scattering in the deep sea water, and studys the corelation between scattering and relative refractive index, particle density and particle size in the sea water. the experiment results show that the intensity of scattering will increase evidently with the increasing of particle size, particle density and relative refractive index. the methods and results in the article provide the basic theory and experiment validation for improving performance of communication, detection and imaging under sea water
本文以球形粒子的mie散射理論、 stokes矢量法以及mueller矩陣來研究海水的散射特性和散射中的退偏振度變化;通過montecarlo方法模擬藍綠激光在海水傳輸過程中的散射現象以及散射中的退偏度變化與海水深度的關系，發現隨著海水深度的增加，散射后的光斑半徑、退偏振度將逐漸增大。最後通過光學工程軟體（ lighttools ）對海水中的散射進行模擬實驗，研究散射與海水中粒子密度、粒子大小和相對折射率的關系。實驗結果表明，隨著粒子半徑、粒子密度和相對折射率的增加，散射的強度將顯著增加。This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory
本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。8 - 1. 2g / min, and collection efficiency achieve 8 - 10 % under these parameters. through the study on the dispersion process of the nanoparticle tio2 in water, the author finds out that whisk time, dispersant types, dispersant concentration, dispersing time, ph value, temperature and electrolyte concentration have significant influence on dispersing effects. through contrastive and orthogonal experiments, the author obtains that composite dispersants have better results than single dispersants
研究表明，液料等離子噴塗制備的納米tio :顆粒平均粒徑為10 ~ 50nln ，其晶型以銳欽礦為主，且隨著電弧功率的增大，銳欽礦含量減少;在本次實驗工藝參數下，收集速率為0 . 8一1 . 29 / min ，收集效率為8一10 % o通過對納米ti02顆粒在水介質中的分散性研究，發現機械攪拌時間、分散劑種類及濃度、分散時間、 ph值、溶液溫度和電解質濃度對納米tio :顆粒的分散穩定性有很大的影響。A linear theory of rbwo with inner - slot coaxial structure is analyzed detailedly, and the equation of dispersive relation is deduced and computered numerically. 4. particle simulation is used in rbwo respective with coaxial and partial structure. in the simulation, the output parameters of rbwo such as phasespace, contour, vector, voltage, current, output power, interaction efficiency and microwave radiation
4 .對同軸和偏心返波管分別進行了粒子模擬，通過改變電壓、電流、電子注位置、磁場等參數來觀察返波管加了內開槽前後相位空間、等位線、矢量、電壓、電流、輸出功率、工作頻率的變化。The properties of cn thin films such as their morphology, component, crystal structure and the bonding structure and the relation between those properties and the gas - phase reaction parameters were discussed, showing that the deposition of p - c3n4 thin film is the compete result of various reaction processes in the dynamics balance conditions ; the process of cn films depo sition is diagnosed in situ through the optical emission spectra technique, the effects of experimental parameters on the concentration of the precursors and the gas - phase reactions in the plasma have been obtained ; the main reaction precursors for film deposition identified ; the relation between the characteristics of cn thin films and the reaction process in the plasma is analyzed. the cn thin films deposition under different substrate temperatures in high pressure pe - pld shows that the si atom of the substrate has participated the cn films growth process, based on this the growth mode of cn thin films on the si substrate is proposed. the further experiment of cn thin films deposition on si substrate scratched by diamond as well as covered with fe catalyzer has been attempted, which indicates that changing the dynamics conditions of the surface reaction can alter the growth characteristic of the cn thin films and can enhance obviously the films growth rate
採用pld技術進行了碳氮化合物薄膜沉積，得到了含氮量為21at的cn薄膜；研究了襯底溫度和反應氣體壓強對薄膜結構特性的影響，給出了cn薄膜中n含量較小、 sp ~ 3鍵合結構成分較少和薄膜中僅含有局域cn晶體的原因；引入脈沖輝光放電等離子體增強pld的氣相反應，給出了提高薄膜晶態sp ~ 3鍵合結構成分和薄膜的含n量可行性途徑；應用pe - cvd技術以ch _ 4 + n _ 2為反應氣體並引入輔助氣體h _ 2 ，得到了含n量為56at的晶態cn薄膜；探討了cn薄膜形貌、成分、晶體結構、價鍵狀態等特性及其與氣體壓強和放電電流的關系，證明了- c _ 3n _ 4薄膜沉積為滿足動力學平衡條件的各種反應過程的競爭結果；採用光學發射譜技術對cn薄膜生長過程進行了實時診斷，得到了實驗參量對等離子體中活性粒子相對濃度和氣相反應過程的影響規律，給出了cn薄膜沉積的主要反應前驅物，揭示了cn薄膜特性和等離子體內反應過程之間的聯系；採用高氣壓pe - pld技術研究了不同襯底溫度條件下cn化合物薄膜的結構特性，揭示了si原子對薄膜生長過程的影響，給出了si基表面碳氮薄膜的生長模式；在金剛石研磨和催化劑fe處理的si襯底上進行cn薄膜沉積，證明了通過控制材料表面動力學條件可以改變碳氮薄膜結構特性，並可顯著提高晶態碳氮材料的生長速率。Further measurements for the deposited films indicate that the appearance and the deposition rate of the films also vary. after we simulate the magnetic field in such case with c program, these variations are owed to distributed change of magnetic field near the target surface and in the discharging space, which can influence the motion of charged particles in the plasma obviously
進一步對沉積薄膜的測量表明，薄膜的沉積速率等發生了變化，通過對空間磁場進行模擬計算發現，由於空間外加的縱向磁場引起了放電空間中以及靶面附近磁場分佈的改變，影響了等離子體中帶電粒子的運動並最終導致了上述變化。In this paper, we applied the vapor - liquid - solid three - phase circulating fluidized bed evaporator to condense glucose solution considering its advantage. in the experiment, we changed the parameters such as evaporation temperature, difference in temperature of the fluid heating and heated, liquid flux, liquid thickness and the ratio of inert particles to analyze and study this kind of equipment ' s heat transfer properties in different operational conditions
通過改變蒸發溫度、傳熱溫差、料液流量、料液濃度以及惰性粒子的體積分率等參數，研究了其在不同操作條件下的傳熱性能，並給出了汽-液-固三相循環流化床蒸發器沸騰傳熱的數學模型，模型預測值與實驗值吻合較好。In chapter ii, a scheme for probabilistic teleporting unknown quantum pure state of two 2 - level particles state of general formation by partly pure entangled four - particle states is proposed
在第二章，我們用一個部分糾纏的四粒子糾纏純態為量子通道，實現了對二能級二粒子一般態的概率傳輸。Series of aligned metal nano - arrays with controlled diameters, length, volume fractions and density are obtained by electrodepositing the metal in the corresponding aao membranes which have the same structure parameters, or adopting different depositing conditions, such as voltage, time and ph. 3. ordered co nano - arrays have been prepared via electrodeposition of the metal within the nanoporous aao template
金屬aao納米有序陣列復合結構的金屬組分含量、納米粒子的長徑比、納米粒子的間距和分佈密度等重要結構參數，都可以通過選用不同的aao模板和改變電化學液相沉積工藝參數（如電壓、頻率、時間、濃度及ph值等）加以調控； 3Probabilistic teleportation of an arbitrary three - particle entangled state via three pairs partly entangled particles
利用三對糾纏粒子作為通道實現任意三粒子量子態的概率傳送分享友人