結構性失業 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jiēgòuxìngshīyè]
結構性失業 英文
structural unemployment
  • 結 : 結動詞（長出果實或種子） bear （fruit）; form （seed）
  • 構 : Ⅰ動詞1 （構造; 組合） construct; form; compose 2 （結成） fabricate; make up 3 （建造; 架屋） bui...
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 業 : Ⅰ名詞1 （行業） line of business; trade; industry 2 （職業） occupation; profession; employment; ...
  • 結構性 : constitutive property
  • 結構 : 1 （各組成部分的搭配形式） structure; composition; construction; formation; constitution; fabric;...
  1. It was restaurant industry graven topic that that of that of from input / output angle said, how advance restaurant kernel ability to compete, with the purpose of advance business economic benefit, as soon as possible brought return, accelerating demonetization end, abaft experience know clearly near twenty year stodgy state look forward to reform mechanism, our state hotel industry be around by babyhood trend maturity, by seller ' s market trend buyer ' s market, such transit should make part rational consumer enjoy to good value for money, too brought ought to part superficial restaurant taste to inevitable ; the government owned restaurant at multinational restaurant bloc and civilian battalion restaurant enterprise " dual impact down, calendar by know clearly reform of monetary system cum bank commercialization, market open cum solution control, market cum competitive mechanism three phase, owing to planned economy belated issues, structure irrationality wrought a matter of and overlapping investment wrought a matter of wait threefold cause, make government owned restaurant at market competition middle gradualness forfeiture competitive edge, in progression appearance hot water, how advance government owned hotel competitive power a matter of, toward me state tourism possess strong operation significance, hunan lotus hotel namely same family pole tool on government owned three stars level hotel behalf of the for the last years, by way of hotel industry occupy quite specific gravity

    從投入產出的角度講，如何提高飯店核心競爭能力，以達到提高企業經濟效益，盡快產生回報，加速貨幣回籠的目的，是飯店業嚴肅的話題。在經歷了近二十年步履艱難的國企改革歷程后，我國飯店業已開始由幼稚走向成熟，由賣方市場走向買方市場，這種轉變將使得部分理性的消費者享受到物有所值，也使部分膚淺的飯店品嘗到必然的失敗；近十年來，作為飯店業占相當比重的國有飯店在跨國飯店集團和民營飯店企業的雙重沖擊下，歷經了金融體制改革及銀行商業化、市場開放及解控、市場及競爭機制三個階段，由於計劃經濟遺留下來的問題、結構不合理造成的問題和重復投資造成的問題等三方面的原因，使得國有飯店在市場競爭中逐漸喪失競爭優勢，相繼出現困境，如何提高國有飯店競爭力的問題，對於我國旅遊業具有強烈的現實意義，湖南芙蓉賓館就是一家極具代表性的國有三星級飯店。
  2. Next, it analyses the theoretic foundations of internal control : theory of clientage and corporate governance, and explain the importance and significance of establishing internal control considering the actual conditions of china. then, starting from the evolution of internal control theories, author brings forward goals framework and elements framework of modern enterprise ' s internal control system linking with connotations of modern enterprise system and characteristics of new economics. last, applying the case of zhengbaiwen, author analyses the problems and causes of chinese listing corporations " internal control system and advances counter measurements

    引言是破題之論，明確了本文寫作的出發點；其次，分析了內部控制產生的理論基礎:委託代理理論和公司治理結構理論，結合現實說明了內部控制體系構建的必要性和意義:然後，從內部控制理論的歷史演進入手，結合現代企業制度的內涵和新經濟時代的特徵，搭建了我國現代企業內部控制體系的目標框架和要素框架;最後，通過鄭百文內控失控的案例分析，引出我國上市公司內部控制體系存在的問題和現狀，分析其成因，並提出相應的對策。
  3. In this paper the writer thinks that there are new competitors coming into being continuously in the industry with the fall of the entrance barrier, while the distemperedness of the quit mechanism hamper the tailed to retreat, which can not lead to death of the weaker. on the other hand the implicit structural factor as well as its evolvement in the circumstance make the competition wild in the industry and the stronger ca n ' t be strong for long. the price war frequently breaking out is an enlace for the sponsor

    筆者認為，進入壁壘的降低使該行業不斷出現新的競爭者，而退出機制的不健全又阻礙了失敗者的退出，造成弱者不死；而固有的結構性因素及在環境作用下結構性因素的演變導致行業內的競爭激烈，大者不能恆強。
  4. The thesis is based on income question, forest coverage rate and grop production. to beging with, date envelopment analysis is proved that it can be applicated into grain for green in shan - bei district, and then in view of the fact, seven esential factors which have influence on the project are found out : expense of dam, expense of crop, expense of cash tree, expense of defense tree, other economic crop, expense of grass and graziery ; and the output factors include : income of gdp, pure income per captia, the area of decreasing land loss, graziery income, crop production, income of tree, the totle income of economic crop. after the date of each facts are puted into dea model, unefficiencial decision making units ( dmu ) found. the data that are got through adjusting unefficiencial dmus dy dea can offer guide in shanbei district upgrading of an industrial structure. at the same time, taking into account some possible problems in or after grain for green in shan - bei district, the thesis bring out some propesal to improve the circ umstance, enhance the life level and put the relation of population, resource and circumstance into a healthy orbit

    因此，加快退耕還林還草，調整土地利用結構和產業結構，已成為實現山川秀美工程和可持續發展戰略的必經之路。論文以解決陜北地區的收入問題，植被問題以及糧食產量問題為出發點，首先從理論上分析了包絡分析方法在陜北地區退耕還林（草）中運用的可行性，然後結合陜北地區目前的實際情況，綜合分析出影響陜北地區退耕還林（草）的關鍵的七個因素作為輸入指標：水利水保設施投入，農作物投入，經濟林種支出，防護林支出，其它經濟作物，草類支出，畜牧業投入；以退耕還林所要解決的最終問題作為輸出指標： gdp收入、農民人均純收入、水土流失減少量、牧業總產值、糧食產量、林業總產值、其他經濟作物總產值。將各指標所對應的數據代入模型后，通過分析求解得出非有效的決策單元，再運用包絡分析方法的一些基本原理對非有效的決策單元進行調整，由此所得的數據對陜北地區的實際投入具有很好的指導意義。
  5. Generally, it is best to protect your entire operating system with such a tool, otherwise unprotected libraries called by your program such as the standard libraries can still open the door to stack - based exploit code attacks

    盡管還沒有在商業級軟體中實現，但這一體系結構固守仍然能提供基本服務來響應失敗這一承諾。系統操作的連續性是sitar的主要設計目的。
  6. It also studies the causes of the checkout and the flexibility of employment result. it concludes that the increase of the economy is not the granger cause of nominal employment growth, that is to say, the increase of economy in china doesn ’ t promote of the nominal employment. the decline of the nominal employment elasticity from 1999 is not only because of the improvement of technology, the imbalance of the industry structure, transformation of system and the policy of interest rate, but also because of the inexact statistic data which makes the real employment underestimated

    本文首先利用1978年至2003年的有關數據對我國經濟增長與名義就業的關系作了分析:根據有關計量經濟學理論，對數據作了平穩性檢驗、協整檢驗和格蘭傑因果檢驗，用建立回歸模型的方法測算出名義就業彈性，並對檢驗結果和就業彈性測算結果作了原因解析，認為我國的經濟增長不是名義就業增長的格蘭傑原因，即我國的經濟增長沒有促進名義就業的增長，我國的名義就業彈性自1990年以來呈下降趨勢，其原因除了技術進步、產業結構失衡、體制轉軌和利率政策外，還有由於統計的原因使得真實的就業增長被低估。
  7. Compared with other resources, talent resources is the most important one, espe cially to economy increasing and society advancing. but it is uneasy to us when we face the situation of talent resources. our research reveals that we have abundant human resources but lacking talent resources it is irregular distribution in area, industry and major and resources runs off seriously

    相對其他資源而言， 「人才資源是第一資源」 ，在知識經濟時代，對經濟增長、社會發展至關重要，但是我國人才資源現狀不容樂觀：人力資源豐富但人才資源缺乏；人才資源結構性矛盾突出，人才資源在地區、產業、專業分佈十分不均；人才資源流失非常嚴重。
  8. On one side, tncs " m & a practices constitute a external force pushing china ' s further soes " reform, such as diversification of corporate ownership, enhancement of corporate governance structure, effective incentives mechanisms for corporate managers, upgrade of domestic enterprise ' s international competitiveness, introduce of competition mechanisms in monopoly industries, and so on. on the other side, tncs " m & a practices may bring some potential risks, such as soes " losing dominant position in strategic industries, costs of m & a failures, less employment opportunities, risks of embezzlement of stated owned assets, and tncs " abuse of market power

    五、跨國公司對中國企業的並購猶如一把雙刃劍，一方面它將有利於國有產權的多元化、公司治理結構的完善、控制權市場的形成、經營者的有效激勵約束、企業國際競爭力的提升、以及壟斷行業競爭機制的引入；另一方面，它也會產生各種風險，如國有經濟戰略性地位喪失的風險、整合失敗的風險、就業減少的風險、國內資產流失的風險、以及跨國公司非競爭性行為發生的風險等。
  9. Three - dimensionally braided structural composites have distinct structure that is fully integrated, continuously spatial fiber - network impregnated with ductile material. the new innovative materials have not plies as conventional composites have, and put an end once and all to low interlaminar strength showing in laminate materials. because of their enhanced stiffness and strength in the thickness direction, near - net - shape design and manufacturing, superior damage tolerance and specified aerospace function, the braided composites are gaining more and more attention of industry and academia

    三維編織結構復合材料是完全整體、連續、多向的紡線（纖維束）的網路，充填以延性材料，這類新材料已失去通常復合材料的層合板概念，由此，層合板復合材料層間脆弱的致命弱點在編織結構復合材料中得到克服，所以編織結構復合材料具有高的強度和剛度（包括在厚度方向） ，接近實際形狀的製造，高的沖擊韌性、高的損傷阻抗，和按實際設計要求的特定的航空航天方面的使用功能，因而廣泛地受到工業界和學術界的關注。
  10. The tax treatment is unfair among different businesses and different tax - payers. the abnormal taxation certainly results in the abnormal development of the bank and securities industry. the difference between the taxation of china bank and securities industry and the foreign taxation that include the taxing scope, the abstraction and materialization of taxation, the taxation operation, the sanction and transparency of tax law, the seriousness of taxing administration and tax policy choice, not only provide the opportunity for the foreign finance institution which can carry out tax planning, moreover tax equity, but also likely lead to that the foreign finance institution lack confidence to china market and policy, finally affect its investment and result in tax unfairness among tax - payers

    長期以來，我國財政與金融的特殊關系使得財政對銀行業實行「特殊」的稅收政策，銀行業整體稅負高於製造業以及非金融性的服務業，中資金融企業稅負高於外資金融機構，過重的稅負使得銀行資本充足率難以保證，發展失去后勁；二是我國銀行業和證券業稅制結構不合理、稅制不規范、不科學，銀行和證券業內部不同行業、不同納稅人之間稅收待遇不公平，畸形的稅制必將導致銀行與證券業的畸形發展；三是我國銀行業和證券業稅制與外國稅制的差異，包括征稅范圍大小、稅制的抽象化與具體化、稅制的可操作性、稅收法律約束力和透明度、稅收執法的嚴肅性等差異，不僅給外資金融機構進行稅務籌劃甚至偷逃稅提供了可乘之機，而且還可能使得外資金融機構對中國市場、對政府政策缺乏信心，而影響其投資，也導致納稅人之間稅負不公。
  11. Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

    基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。
  12. At last, we have some advises about how to bellowing human capital gini coefficient : region a should let the high rank human capital to flow out, cultivate the middle rank human capital, support and ensure the low rank human capital and make the structure of college education more rational. region b should reduce human capital gini coefficient basing on improving the level of people been educated. region c should strengthen the support of nine years duty education, develop the career technique education and whole life education, reduce the human capital being

    最後，本文對不同區域分別提出了減小其人力資本基尼系數的建議:區域a應該積極引導高層次人力資本的向外流動，繼續堅實中等人力資本的培養，對低層次人力資本應給予有力的支持與保障，同時注意高校安排教育結構的合理性;區域b應該在普遍提高全民受教育水平的基礎上逐步縮小人力資本基尼系數;區域c應加強政府對普九工作的支持力度，注意發展職業技術教育和終生教育的教育系統以及減緩該區域的人才流失現象。
  13. The vulnerability there depends not only on the potential direct damage such as damages of engineering structures and infrastructures, losses of property and the death or injury of victims, but also on the potential indirect damage such as interruption of business, reduction of output, induced fires and emotional stress on victim families

    城市的易損性不僅由可能產生的工程結構和生命線系統破壞、財產損失和人員傷亡等直接損失確定，還要考慮潛在的商業活動中斷、停（減）產、次生火災和受災者的情緒壓力等間接損失。
  14. In this paper, some research has been done on the city - residential buildings with commercial facilities on ground floor as a special architectural form based on practical attitude and systematic method : the historical origin of its arising and developing ; under the basis of a large number of surveys on real built residential tier buildings, the theses at first analyzes and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of them, second, find the factors which determines the property and the scale of commerce, third, make a deeper research on the aspects of ways of flat - combination the using of space, the feasible flat - form of the residential buildings the lay - out of passageway the traffic disposal and exterior space and environments

    本文以現實的態度，用系統的觀點與方法對底層帶商店（場）這?特殊類型的住宅建築進行了較為詳細的闡述。對其產生與發展的歷史淵源進行了論證；在大量實例調研的基礎上，對其目前的現實狀況和利弊得失進行歸納總結，並提出確定底商行業性質與規模的因素；對其平面組合方式、空間使用、適宜的住宅平面、出入口布置、交通處理等平面設計和結構選型、技術處理以及外部空間與環境作了進一步的探討，並提出結論與建議。
  15. In the second part of the paper, we illustrate the importance of the state - owned commercial banks in chinese financial system and the necessity of strengthening the alm in the state - owned commercial banking system. after analysing the current situation of the state - owned banks " alm and the existing problems of the unclear property rights, the inequilibium of the asset - liability structure, the imperfect risk control system, and the unsatisfactory computer systems for the asset - liability management. the paper analyzes the existing situation and main disadvantages, and gives some suggestion to improve the level of the alm of the state - owned commercial banks

    要完善國有獨資商業銀行資產負債管理，首先要了解我國銀行業現狀，本文下半部分從我國銀行體系入手說明國有獨資商業銀行的重要性和完善國有獨資銀行資產負債管理的必要性，在分析國有獨資商業銀行實行資產負債管理現狀及存在的產權不明晰、資產負債結構失衡、風險控制系統不完善、計算機系統不能滿足資產負債管理要求等問題后，根據相關問題提出完善國有獨資商業銀行資產負債管理的對策。
  16. Firstly, the paper retrospects the development of eso and tries to probe into the theoretical field : the explanation of it ' s definition, the conclusion of it ' s characters, the comparison of eso and other stock inspiration system, followed by the analysis of it ' s theoretical basis and incentive effect ; meanwhile, the paper probes into the realistic situations of eso in usa and china in order to seek the regulation and draw the advantages and disadvantages ; to this part, the paper takes the following four items as the main barriers to eso ' s implementation in china : the over restriction of current law system, the low efficiency of the market, the poor corporate governance structure and a lack of a reasonable performance index system, and elaborately analyze the impacts of the obstacles on eso ; after the analysis made above, the paper gets down to taking some methods to solve the problems in accordance with the characteristic of the barriers. as far as the internal defects of the mechanism are concerned, the paper begins with the scientifically design of the key components, studying the aspects of bestowal, change, loss, the executive method and the executive time. then the paper focuses on designing a performance index system which is an essential part of eso, introducing the bsc to improve the present performance index system, under the reasonable guidelines resigning it at both the levels of company ' s and employee ' s levels. finally, as regards how to perfect the outside surrounding of eso, the thesis makes some suggestion

    本文首先回顧了股票期權制在國內外的發展及較為詳盡的分析了股票期權制度的相關理論：闡述了其涵義，特徵，理論基礎，激勵效應並於其他幾個較易混淆的股權激勵機製作逐一的比較，以進一步澄清人們對其的錯誤認識；同時，對股票期權制在美國和我國的現狀進行深入的實證研究，探求其內在規律，在肯定其成果時指出其不足；至此，筆者認為，我國上市公司要推行股票期權制度將主要面臨以下四類障礙：公司治理結構不完善、市場有效性差、現行法規體系不完善及缺乏客觀的業績考評指標體系，並詳細分析了各類障礙的現狀及對股票期權制的負面影響；在此基礎上，針對各類障礙的不同性質，著手探討消除這些障礙的措施：對于股票期權制內部的缺陷，本文先對各個關鍵要素進行科學設計，系統的剖析了贈與、變更、喪失、執行方式、股票來源等技術性問題，再以大量篇幅研究了如何構建出一套與實施股票期權制相配套的業績考核指標體系，引進平衡計分卡的思想對國內現有的指標體系加以改進，以一組合理的評價原則為指導，從公司及員工個人業績考評兩個層面上來設計該指標體系。
  17. Generally, it is difficult to form enterprise innovative mechanism, and likewise, it is also hard to form market structure benefiting innovation under traditional nation ' s property rights ; but realization of the industrial coordination need public ( nation ' s ) property right, for example, in some industry such as infrastructure, it is indispensable to entry of ( nation ' s ) property right. comparatively, private property rights may form enterprise innovative mechanism, and market structure benefiting innovation, but could lead to over - competition, as a result, inefficiency of allocating resources

    一般而言，傳統的公有（國有）產權制度下較難形成企業創新機制，也難以形成一個有利於創新的市場結構；但產業協調也離不開公有產權制度，如基礎性產業和某些高技術產業需要公有（國有）產權制度進入；而私有產權制度可能形成企業創新機制，也可能形成一個創新的市場結構，但私有產權制度下將會出現過度競爭，造成生產要素配置失效。
  18. However, because of a short development time and inferior position, etc., there is the structure out - of - balance for the western real estate

    但是，其發展時間的短暫性、西部區域大環境的區位劣勢等等原因都導致了西部房地產業存在著結構性失衡。
  19. Based on detailed analysis, 7 weaknesses of sichuan tv industry was listed as follows : personnel structural deficiencies, the lack of industry chain management coordination mechanism, the lack of professional specialization and outsourcing, industry chain to be upgraded, lower local sourcing rate, rail transportation dissatisfaction and the role of industry associations not fully exploited

    本文通過分析列舉了四川彩電產業存在的以下七點不足:人才結構性缺失、缺乏產業鏈管理的協作機制、缺少專業化分工外包意識差、產業鏈有待升級、本地配套率低、鐵路運輸不盡如人意以及行業商會的作用沒有得到充分的發揮。
  20. Thirdly, the paper analyzes the reasons of un - balance of demand and supply from the aspect of quality and construction, and argues that the situation of demand and supply is characterized by total surplus and structural deficiency. t he large scale of population and the high rate of labor participation lead to that the total supply surpass the demand. the capital structure, the improving technology and capital - dominance industrialization way result in the deficient demand, so they become the key reasons of unbalance situation

    再次，從總量和結構兩方面分析我國勞動力供求失衡的原因和影響因素，認為我國勞動力供求態勢的特徵是總量過剩與結構性短缺並存；從供給角度看，人口規模過大以及勞動參與率高是勞動力供給總量大於需求的主要原因：從需求角度看，資本構成、技術進步和資本深化的工業化方式是勞動力需求不足進而造成供求失衡的關鍵原因；改革前，我國勞動力就業結構轉移嚴重滯后，這與我國經濟發展戰略有密切聯系；改革后，產業結構調整使就業結構偏差得到一定的矯正，勞動力供求結構失衡的矛盾有所緩和。
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