絕對響度 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [juéduìxiǎngdù]
絕對響度
英文
absolute loudness-
The product quality faces up to enormous domestic and international markets challenge and the peasants face up to the slow increasing of their incomes. the shortage of water resource is more serious for the planted system, climatic change and low utilization ratio. cultivated land resource is reducing rapidly for nature factors and urbanization process, etc. the analysis results indicate the resour ces utilization mode in the hhh plain is still high investment, high - energy consumption, and grievous pollution
農產品生產在我國佔有絕對優勢，但其受結構調整的影響也發生了波動性變化，其產品質量面臨著國內外市場巨大的挑戰，農民收入也面臨著增長緩慢的挑戰；水資源受種植制度、氣候變化及利用率低等多種因素的脅迫作用，嚴重短缺；耕地資源近年來大量減少，受自然及城市化進程等因素的影響，稀缺程度加大。With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。Only when it takes humidity ratio h / ? as independent variable instead of absolute humidity h in researching and calculating the influence degree of the humidity on the discharge voltage, the emendation coefficients of relative air density and humidity can be independence, and can reflect the influence degree of atmospheric parameters on outer insulation discharge voltage actually
當以比濕h代替絕對濕度h為自變量研究和計算濕度對放電電壓的影響程度時，相對空氣密度校正系數和濕度校正系數才能相互獨立，才能真實地反映大氣參數對電氣設備外絕緣放電電壓的影響程度。Chapter two " impacts of china ' s accession to wto on retail industry " analyzes : the influence of accession to wto on domestic retail industry ; pressure from international business capital due to its advantages of capital strength, scale and advanced business pattern ; competition pressure from low profit criterion of supermarket business ; pressure from the management advantage of international business groups. chapter three " development strategy for retail industry after china ' s accession to wto " studies the development strategy for china ' s retail industry after accession to wto : formulating relevant laws and policies for foreign capital introduction as soon as possible ( asap ) ; working out plans for establishment of large - scale supermarket network asap ; developing multiple business patterns with mainstay business as the focus ; developing chain store business to bring about scale efficiency ; accelerating of modern enterprise institutional reform ; promoting scientific management level of retail enterprises ; setting up scientific and overall marketing concept, further strengthening sense of market orientation ; attaching greater importance on resources of talented persons and commodities ; making full use of information technologies, implementing e - commerce mode in retail enterprises ; actively exploring northwest china and developing new market
文章第二章「中國加入wto對零售業的沖擊」從中國零售業對外開放的歷史入手，簡要介紹了中國加入wto對國內零售業的影響，指出加入wto后，中國零售業可能面臨以下幾個方面的沖擊：國際商業資本在資金、規模和業態的先進性上所帶來的壓力；規模擴張壓力，即中國連鎖超市受到了投資規模擴張的資金壓力；超市行業低贏利水準的競爭壓力；國際商業集團在管理上的優勢對中國零售企業的壓力；新的管理理念、服務方式進入所帶來的沖擊；現代商業觀念的引進打破了中國商界固有的思維；國際經濟一體化程度的提高不斷促使中國零售業的絕對利潤和相對利潤下降；我國零售業網點的不足以及布局的不合理；零售業的信息革命所帶來的觀念沖擊。Compared with the classical bp algorithm, robust adaptive bp algorithm possesses some advantages as following : ( 1 ) increasing the accuracy of the network training by means of using both the relative and absolute residual to adjust the weight values ; ( 2 ) improve the robustness and the network convergence rate through combining with the robust statistic technique by way of judging the values of the samples " relative residual to establish the energy function so that can suppress the effect on network training because of the samples with high noise disturbances ; ( 3 ) prevent entrapping into the local minima area and obtain the global optimal result owing to setting the learning rate to be the function of the errors and the error gradients when network is trained. the learning rate of the weights update change with the error values of the network adaptively so that can easily get rid of the disadvantage of the classical bp algorithm that is liable to entrap into the local minima areas
與基本bp演算法相比，本文提出的魯棒自適應bp演算法具有以下優點： （ 1 ）與魯棒統計技術相結合，通過訓練樣本相對偏差的大小，確定不同訓練樣本對能量函數的貢獻，來抑制含高噪聲干擾樣本對網路訓練的不良影響，從而增強訓練的魯棒性，提高網路訓練的收斂速度； （ 2 ）採用相對偏差和絕對偏差兩種偏差形式對權值進行調整，提高了網路的訓練精度； （ 3 ）在採用梯度下降演算法對權值進行調整的基礎上，通過將學習速率設為訓練誤差及誤差梯度的特殊函數，使學習速率依賴于網路訓練時誤差瞬時的變化而自適應的改變，從而可以克服基本bp演算法容易陷入局部極小區域的弊端，使訓練過程能夠很快的「跳出」局部極小區域而達到全局最優。Based on the research results on ground resistivity anisotropy degree, load unloading response ratio and day by day ratio of daily variation amplitude of geomagnetic vertical component, spatial correlation of absolute value of geomagnetic vertical component of beijing 21 hour and spatial correlation of daily variation of geomagnetic vertical component, we analyze the synthetical characteristics of these anomalies before the moderate strong earthquakes and gave the order of these anomalies and the synthetical correlation of these anomalies with the three elements
摘要在地電阻率各向異性、地磁垂直分量日變化幅度響應比和逐日比、地磁垂直分量北京時21點絕對值空間相關及地磁垂直分量日變化空間相關方法在江蘇地區的研究結果基礎上，綜合分析了這些方法提取的江蘇及周邊地區中強震異常的綜合特徵，給出了這些異常在震前出現的先後次序、地震三要素與這些異常的綜合關系。In the second part, we adopt a few typical error analysis methods, primarily including the relativity analysis and the regression analysis, to analyses the relative error and absolute error of the time error, spatial data error and statistic data error of the raw input data in the model. then, we take each influence factors in the model into the relativity analysis and the regression analysis. finally, we synthesize the results of the above error analysis to figure out the theoretic accuracy of that model as 87 %
第二部分主要是採用幾種典型的誤差分析方法，主要包括相關性分析和回歸分析，對模型的原始輸入數據的時間誤差、空間誤差和統計數據誤差進行了相對誤差和絕對誤差的分析，然後又對模型中各影響因子進行了相關分析和回歸分析，最後綜合以上誤差分析的結果得出該模型的理論精度為87 。During the course of the research, the criterions of the interpolation effect are mean error ( me ), mean absolute error ( mae ), root mean squared interpolation error ( rmse ) and the difference of mean square deviation between the measured and the estimated surface air temperature. the conclusions are as follows : ( 1 ) by contrasting the gaussian weighted model associated with the error modification with the gaussian weighted model, the error modification is proved to considerably ameliorate the precision of spatial interpolation ; ( 2 ) on the base of the gaussian weighted model, taking altitudinal effect into account can reflect the trend in which temperature changes according to the topographic altitude and may ameliorate the precision of spatial interpolation correspondingly and apparently, which indicates that topographical effect on the preciseness of spatial interpolation can not be disregarded in terms of the region with complicated topography ; ( 3 ) the map of daily surface air temperature distribution, using the modified gaussian weighted model a and b, can accurately reflect the temperature - changing - with - topographical - altitude trend. among them, the better is the model a, whose me is below 0. 03 ?
在此過程中，採用平均誤差（ me ） ，平均絕對誤差（ mae ） ，插值平均誤差平方的平方根（ rootmeansquaredinterpolationerror ，簡稱rmsie ） ，插值前後測站要素值的均方差（ meansquaredeviation ，簡稱msd ）差值作為判定插值效果的標準，得出如下結論：通過高斯權重法與結合逐步訂正的高斯權重法的對比，說明結合逐步訂正方案的高斯權重法可大大提高地面日氣溫的插值精度；在高斯權重法中加入海拔影響項可以反映出溫度隨地形高度的變化趨勢，同時也能較大地提高地面日氣溫的空間插值精度，說明在地形復雜的區域，地形影響在插值精度中是不可忽略的；對于高斯權重法的兩種改進方案得到的地面日氣溫分布圖都能很好地反映出表面大氣氣溫隨地形高度的變化趨勢。Many studies had attempted to characterize chemical weathering process by focusing on geochemisty of river particulate and sediment. the sediment geochemistry may reflect and compare with the carbonates and silicates weathering degree by introducing the chemical index of alteration ( cia ) and new sediment index of variation ( siv ) and elemental molar abundance ratio of the sediment. the one main objective of this study would provide and compare the relative weathering intensities of silicates and carbonates with the different basins
2沉積物地球化學與化學風化進程和機械剝蝕率化學風化指數與化學風化率屬于表徵化學風化作用意義不同的函數，前者為相對概念反映流域巖石在原巖基礎上己發生淋溶作用的深度，主要受到了氣候因子的深刻影響（中國流域沉積物化學風化指數由北到南呈有規則的遞增序列，氣候因子對風化進程的影響掩蓋了巖性的巨大差異） ，而化學風化率含義是指單位流域面積巖石風化淋溶產生的離子絕對總量。The results show that the absolute humidity of the welding environment has great influence on the hydrogen diffusion, and that the greater the absolute humidity, the higher the content of hydrogen diffused in deposited metal
結果表明，焊接環境的絕對濕度對超低氫焊條熔敷金屬中擴散氫含量有較大影響，絕對濕度越大，焊縫金屬中擴散氫含量越高。Researching and analyzing on the test results of the influence of atmospheric parameters on outer insulation discharge voltage and its various emendation methods, it can be concluded that : with the change of relative air density, its humidity ratio h / ? will also change even though the absolute vapor mass ( absolute humidity h ) of the air is constant. consequently, the influence degree of the humidity on the discharge voltage should change, too
本文通過對以往的大氣參數對外絕緣放電電壓影響的試驗成果及各種校正方法的研究分析認為：隨著相對空氣密度的變化，即使空氣中所含水氣的絕對質量（絕對濕度h ）保持恆定，其比濕h也會變化，必然地，濕度對放電電壓的影響程度也會變化。All the transmission lines of west - east electricity transmitting project are inevitable to crossing the high altitude and icing areas. for the reducing of the air pressure and the absolute humidity, the electricity strength of insulators will drop obviously. therefore, it must be considered the effect on the insulators " flashover voltage caused by the change of altitude and ice when the insulation cooperation of transmission lines are being designed
「西電東送」工程的所有輸電線路都不可避免的要經過高海拔和覆冰地區，由於大氣壓力和絕對濕度的降低會使絕緣子的電氣強度顯著下降，因此在進行輸電線路的絕緣配合設計時必須考慮到海拔高度和覆冰的變化對絕緣子的閃絡電壓影響。Later, the paper ascertains how the prominent factors influence the humidifying effect by single factor experiment and got such solutions : when other situations do n ' t change, the nozzle flux will enhance with the increase of the nozzle aperture and spraying pressure. air ' s changing quantity of enthalpy and absolute humid, valid humidified quantity, humidifying efficiency and saturation efficiency will enhance with the increase of the initial water temperature. with the enhance of the praying pressure, the valid humidified quantity and air ' s changing quantity of enthalpy will increase first and decrease later, while the humidifying efficiency will drop
然後通過單因素試驗確定影響顯著的因素如何作用加濕效果，得到：在其他條件不變的情況下，噴嘴流量隨噴嘴孔徑和噴水壓力的升高而增大，空氣焓變量、絕對濕度差、有效加濕量、加濕效率及飽和效率隨噴水初溫的升高而提高，有效加濕量和空氣焓變量隨噴水壓力的升高先增加然後有所下降，而加濕效率隨噴水壓力的升高而下降，焓變量和絕對濕度差隨水氣比的增加而增大。However in our country, with the influence of procedural idea " in pursuit of absolute objective authenticity " and the procedure mode of transgress of authority formed long time, the system of trial by default is not only very rough in legislative techniques, but also has its serious drawbacks in structure itself
而我國的缺席審判制度由於受追求「絕對客觀真實」的訴訟觀念和長期以來形成的超職權主義訴訟模式的影響，不僅立法技術極為粗糙，而且本身還存在嚴重的結構性缺陷。Abstract : the colored sandwich steel plate has been successfully used in the noise control at the cooler center in the paint shop of dcac wuhan factory, expressed with laudness index, noise level is reduced 79. 65 % after control. the effect is very excellent
文摘:在噪聲治理中，採用彩色夾心板作隔聲構件，在武漢總廠塗裝分廠製冷站應用成功，用響度指數這個絕對數表示，治理前後噪聲總響度降低79 . 65 % ，隔聲效果非常好，達到了預期的目的。We write the program which used for fighting errors in absolute positioning. we also write the program which used for linear combinating in absolute positioning. from analyzing for the measurement of outer, we can conclude that we can use m estimation to estimate parameter in gps absolute positioning. lt has application value. using it, we can obstain the stable positioning result and remove the outer. in this paper, we calculate the data which from the baseline space of the gps calibration space. we also draw some conclusion using broadcast ephemeredes and smoothing pseudoranges. the positionging precision is in 1 - 2 meter
編制了gps絕對定位中抗差估計程序和應用線性組合進行單點定位的程序。通過對粗差量級的分析，得出在gps觀測量存在粗差時， m估計是有其應用價值的，它使定位結果較為穩定，減弱和剔除了粗差的影響。應用線性組合程序對gps綜合檢定場數據基線網點進行計算，得出用廣播星歷和平滑后的偽距可以給出較好的結果，點位精度在1 ? 2米。The research results show that aggregate gradation and the nominal maximum aggregate size evidently influence the shear resistance of asphalt mixture ; aggregate flakiness content influences the shear resistance of asphalt mixture, and with the increase of aggregate flakiness content the shear resistance of asphalt mixture decreases ; asphalt binder properties, especially penetration, softening point and viscosity influence the shear resistance of asphalt mixture, and the latter increases with the decrease of penetration and the increase of softening point and viscosity ; asphalt content influences shear resistance of asphalt mixture, and with the increase of binder / aggregate ratio the shear resistance of asphalt mixture decreases ; air void influences shear resistance of asphalt mixture, and usually with the increase of air void the shear resistance of asphalt mixture decreases ; homogeneity does not have a direct and obvious relationship with absolute value of shear resistance of asphalt mixture, but does with variation of shear resistance of asphalt mixture
研究結果表明：集料級配和公稱最大集料粒徑對瀝青混合料抗剪強度有顯著的影響；瀝青混合料抗剪強度受其集料中針片狀含量的影響較大，集料中針片狀含量增大，瀝青混合料抗剪強度減小；結合料的性質，特別是針入度、軟化點和粘度對瀝青混合料抗剪強度有較大的影響，隨著針入度減小，軟化點和粘度增大，瀝青混合料抗剪強度增大；含油量對瀝青混合料抗剪強度有較大影響，隨著油石比的增大，瀝青混合料抗剪強度減小；瀝青混合料抗剪強度受其空隙率的影響較大，一般隨著空隙率的增大，其抗剪強度減小；瀝青混合料均勻性與瀝青混合料抗剪強度絕對數值間沒有明顯的關聯，而與數值間的變異性有著很好的相關性。( 三 ) under the dynamic load of the explosion, the numeric analysis has been done and achieve the rule as follow : ( 1 ) when the frequency of vibration is 0. 3hz, the acceleration of the slopes top gets the maximum ; so 0. 3hz is believed the natural frequency of the slope as a whole ; ( 2 ) the vibration of explosion can been magnified because of the condition of the landform, when the relative altitude is up to 45m, the acceleration of horizon gets the maximum ; when the relative altitude is up to 100m, the absolute value of acceleration and the deformation of horizon is larger than that in the bottom of the slope ; ( 3 ) in the period of forced vibration, at the top of the slope, the acceleration of horizon become larger and larger ; at the middle part of the slope, it becomes smaller ; ( 4 ) when the explosion velocity of is much little, the shallow part destruction is the primary deformation of the slope
（三）採用模態疊加法針對爆破動力作用，進行邊坡的動力響應分析，得出了以下結論： （ 1 ）振動頻率為0 . 3hz時，坡面頂部水平向加速度峰值最大；綜合考慮，可認為該邊坡的自振頻率為0 . 3hz左右； （ 2 ）地形對爆破地振動存在放大作用，研究剖面的坡面，水平向加速度及位移在地形相對高差45米左右最大，而後隨相對高差的增高而減小，相對高差為100米時，水平向位移及加速度絕對值均大於坡腳； （ 3 ）強迫振動段，水平向加速度值隨時間變化的規律為：坡頂節點總的變化趨勢是越來越大，而坡體中部節點的變化趨勢是越來越小； （ 4 ）當爆破振速較小時，變形破壞的形式表現為坡頂表面滑塌型。According to the the regression analysis on the bloting and shotcreting roadways of henan pingmei group, the regression equation on the degree that absolute grade and area of roadway influence coefficient of frictional resistance is built in the paper. the notable character test of the regression equation is completed. at last, the degree that absolute grade and area of roadway influence coefficient of frictional resistance is discussed and summed up. the practical and guiding sense in choosing coefficient of frictional resistance of congeneric roadways is given in the paper
通過對平煤集團大量的錨噴巷道的回歸分析，建立了巷道壁面絕對粗糙度和巷道斷面積對摩擦阻力系數影響程度的回歸方程，並對回歸方程作了顯著性檢驗，最後對巷道粗糙程度和斷面積對錨噴巷道摩擦阻力系數的影響程度進行了討論和總結，對同類巷道摩擦阻力系數的選取具有實踐指導意義。Under the same relative velocity, two vehicles with slower absolute velocities have more transient aerodynamic influence on each other during the overtaking process
在相同的相對速度下，絕對速度較低的兩輛車在超車過程中產生的瞬態氣動影響更大。分享友人