經濟契約 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [jīngjìqìyāo]
經濟契約
英文
economic contract-
The paper firstly comment on the basis theory of earnings management, in which earnings management and accounting chouse was differentiated, and from contract theory and information economics analyzing its deep foundation, point out earnings management must be existed in market economy, then expatiating on earnings management characters qualities
本文首先對盈餘管理的基本理論作出評述，其中對盈餘管理和會計造假作出了區分，並從契約理論和信息經濟學角度分析了盈餘管理存在的深層次根源，指出在市場經濟中一定的盈餘管理是必然存在的，然後對盈餘管理的特徵和性質進行了闡述。Classified according to different standards required by contract law, franchise contract belongs to innominate contract, standing contract and frame contract. and franchising is regarded as one business organization by the theory of neoinstitutional economics
筆者分別從合同法和新制度經濟學的角度分析了特許經營的性質，認為其具有無名契約、繼續性契約及架構契約的合同屬性和企業組織的屬性。In 1958, two economist modigliani and miller proposed famous mm theory. they argued that capital structure has no effect on enterprise value in the completely competitive capital market later on, many papers about enterprise finance have analyzed capital structure in terms of tax capital cost agency cost and incomplete contract because completely competitive market does not exist in reality, capital structure has particular function on interior message stimulation mechanism and control righto this article just discusses these aspects, that is, studies governance structure reform in terms of capital theory
1958年，兩位經濟學家modigliani和miller提出了著名的mm理論，其大意是，在完全競爭的資本市場上，企業的資本結構不影響企業的價值。此後，許多有關企業金融的文獻分別從稅收、資金成本、代理成本、不完全契約等方面對企業資本結構的設計和功能進行了分析。由於完全競爭的資本市場在現實中並不存在，資本結構在向外部的投資者顯示企業內部的信息、決定控制權的安排及提供激勵等方面，都有其特殊的功能，從而影響乃至決定企業的價值。With the dependence of the market economy, a new crime of taking advantage of economical contract is arising again. the crimers depend on the contract deed of economy society and the faith of contract legal system, by means of adopting affricative the fact, passing themselves off as main body, going on the economical defraud frenziedly. these behaviours violate socialist marketplace order and the ownership right of the public and the private protecting by the law
隨著市場經濟的建立，又出現了一種利用經濟合同進行詐騙的新型犯罪，犯罪分子利用經濟社會的合同契約和人們對合同法制的信仰，採取虛構事實、假冒主體等手段，大肆進行經濟詐騙活動，侵犯了社會主義市場經濟秩序和法律所保護的公私財產所有權，給我國的經濟建設帶來了嚴重的破壞。For example, the shortcomings of the family - owned magnetic material enterprise located in north hot spring town are like theses : firstly, family members occupy the major positions, so blood relationship replace management and this makes the enterprises a mess
家族制管理因其具有心理契約成本低，決策迅速等優勢在民營企業的創業初期曾發揮了不可磨滅的作用，但隨著社會經濟環境的變化，家族制管理的弊端日益明顯並成為民營企業發展壯大的桎梏。The paper analyzes comparatively interior transaction cost of integrated model with analysis structure of r. h. coase and market transaction cost of market model according to bargain proceeding ; analyzing economy of scales for electricity industry on the terms of its definition coming up with an improved " survival of the fittest " method to find optimum economic scale and explaining " separation of power plant from electric network " with the view of vertical economy ; studying selection and realization for valid competition of electricity industry with theory of contestable market, while setting up a oligarch monopoly competition model for the electricity market based on tax control of government with the thought of dynamic game theory of
應用科斯的交易成本分析框架對一體化管理模式下的內部交易成本進行分析，按照契約過程對市場化模式下的市場交易成本進行分析，並作了相應比較；按照規模經濟的定義對電力產業的規模經濟性進行了分析，提出改進的"適者生存法"來確定電力產業的最優經濟規模，並運用縱向經濟的觀點解釋"廠網分開" ；應用可競爭性理論研究了電力產業的有效競爭方式的選擇和實現，同時借鑒stackelberg模型的動態博弈思想，構建了基於政府稅收調控的電力市場寡頭壟斷競爭模型，通過對模型的分析說明了市場結構的演化和政府管制的必要性。Under the market economy, keeping credit worthiness and ensuring all kinds of contractual responsibilities be fulfilled timely is the premises for the normal operation of the whole economic system
在市場經濟條件下，嚴守信用，確保各種契約關系的如期履行，是整個經濟體系正常運行的基本前提。Those issues discussed in contract economics such as agency cost, incentive problems, moral hazard, adverse selection and free - rider problem, etc., all appear in the process of venture capital investment
契約經濟學所論述的代理成本、激勵問題、道德風險、逆向選擇、搭便車等，在風險投資過程中都會出現。The extent and direction of the development of international economy and trade have always decided those of the international commercial arbitration. modern international commercial arbitration not only has to comply with the arbitration agreement concluded by the parties but also has to be restricted by arbitral laws ( including international treaties recognized or entered into by a state ) and judicial power ( judicial review ), therefore, showing the hubrid nature, even if the contractual characteristic is still the soul of the whole arbitration system
國際經濟貿易的發展程度和發展方向始終決定著國際商事仲裁的發展程度和方向；現代國際商事仲裁不僅要受到當事人協議授權的制約，還同時受到國家仲裁法律（包括為主權國家所認可或加入的有關仲裁的國際公約）授權的制約和國家司法權的制約（司法監督） ，從而呈現出契約性和司法權性相結合的混合性特徵，盡管契約性仍然是整個仲裁製度的靈魂和基礎。The paper holds the opinion that the interaction between contractual savings and capital market is decided by some immanent factors and is the logical r esult of these factors. the essentials of their benign relation are founded on the harmonious relation among economic development, financial development and demographic transition
論文通過研究得出了契約型儲蓄金融機構與資本市場之間的互動具有必然性，要使得兩者形成良性的互動，實質上就是要實現人口結構、金融深化與經濟發展之間協調發展的核心觀點。On the base of different theories, such as enterprise contractual theory, agency theory and option incentive theory etc, economists have studied the related factors of growth enterprise
經濟學家從企業契約理論、委託代理理論、期權激勵理論等不同的方向出發，對企業的成長性相關因素進行了深入的研究。Our nation is transforming from traditional agriculture society to modern industry society and it ' s traditional institutions need change, too. under planned economy system. unit system of higher education was set after 1952. in condition of the system of market economy, unit system of higher education has n ' t fit the need of universities and social development, so it must be transferred to contract system of higher education. which suits to the system of marketable economy. thus this will largen universities " scale. increase it ' s quality and benefit moderization of higher education and society
其中， 1952年以後的「高教單位制」是在計劃體制之下形成的一種高教制度設置。在新時期的市場經濟條件下，高教單位制已不適應高校和社會的發展要求，因而要對其進行變遷。繼而要建立全范圍的與市場經濟相吻合的高教契約制，使高校的規模、質量、效益得到擴大和提高，實現高教現代化，從而致力於社會現代化。Starting from the controversy between professor r. a. posner and dworking and three famous legal literatures ? the death of contract, the regeneration of contract and the new social contract, this article approaches law and economics from a unique angle and expounds its advantage in development and acceptance as an intersecting subject due to the power of economics
本文從一個比較獨特的視角，以波斯納同德沃金的論戰和《契約之死》 、 《契約再生》以及《新社會契約論》三部法學著作為開端，論述了法律經濟學作為交叉學科受到接受和推廣的發展優勢，這種優勢是由經濟學的強大力量所賜。Article 2 china maritime arbitration commission ( formerly known as maritime arbitration commission of the china council for the promotion of international trade, and hereinafter referred to as " the arbitration commission " or cmac ) independently and impartially resolves, by means of arbitration, admiralty, maritime, logistic disputes and other contractual or non - contractual disputes, in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties and promote the development of the international and domestic economy, inter alia, trade and logistics
第二條中國海事仲裁委員會（原名中國國際貿易促進委員會海事仲裁委員會，以下簡稱仲裁委員會）以仲裁的方式，獨立、公正地解決海事、海商、物流爭議以及其他契約性或非契約性爭議，以保護當事人的合法權益，促進國際國內經濟貿易和物流的發展。With the development of economic system reform. chinese corporation groups are burgeoning and prospering. they are continually getting stronger and coming into being multi - construction economic units, which are mainly composed of sizable parent corporations and subsidiary corporations with united rights, products, techniques, economy and contracts system
我國的企業集團隨著經濟體制改革的不斷深化而孕育產生和走向成熟，逐步形成以一個實力雄厚的大型企業為核心，以產權聯結和產品、技術、經濟成套契約為紐帶，以母子公司為主體的具有多層次結構的多法人經濟聯合體。It begins at marxism and bourgeois outlook. lt contrasts the government economic function outlook in marxism and " contract country " outlook and " welfare country " outlook. it analyses on the phenomenon of " market non - effective " and " government non - effective " and discusses the contents of government function under socialism market economy and its relation with market
首先從馬克思主義和西方資產階級國家觀入手，對馬克思主義的政府經濟職能觀和西方「契約國家」觀、 「福利國家」觀進行比較，並通過對「市場失靈」 、 「政府失靈」現象的分析，論述了市場經濟條件下政府職能的內容及其與市場的關系。3. feasibility analysis of mbs the paper introduces and explains the theory of mbs and analysis the feasibility of mbs in china from many aspects, such as system, laws, financial environment, the situation of housing markets, macroeconomic effect, etc. the reform of land - using system provides mbs system pre - requisite ; the interrelated laws offer the law guarantee for mbs ; the issue of " security act " indicates that the security market of china is being normalized, and the developing prospect of finance in china brings mbs effective support ; the dilemma between the surplus and the shortage of commercial housing gives mbs an important turning point ; the macroeconomic effect of mbs is that it accelerates the economy, reduces the pressure of currency inflation, dissolves the operating risks of finance organs and makes the finance system operate steadily
三、我國住房抵押證券化的可行性分析本文從住房抵押貨款證券化（ mbs ）的理論分析入手，結合我國住房抵押貸款的發展狀況，分別從制度、法律保障、金融環境、住房市場現狀、宏觀經濟效應等幾方面論述了mbs在我國的可行性：土地使用制度改革為實施mbs提供了制度前提；配套法律制度為實施mbs提供了法律保障； 《證券法》的正式出臺，標志著我國證券市場走向規范，我國良好的金融業發展前景為mbs提供了有效的支持；現階段住房市場的有效供給與有效需求雙重約束的矛盾存在，為證券化實施提供了重要契機； mbs的宏觀經濟效應在於拉動國內需求，促進經濟增長，減輕通貨膨脹壓力，化解金融機構經營風險，保持金融體系穩定運行。He said hu would seek to highlight the positive aspects of china ' s economic engagement with the united states, and said this was reflected in the opening days of hu ' s visit being spent with microsoft and boeing, two big sellers to the china market
他說，胡將努力使人們注意中國和美國所締結的經濟契約所起的積極作用，這反映在他第一天就花在微軟和波硬身上。The paper provided an analysis that several intrinsic incentives such as empowerment and coaching can equilibrate the intrinsic and extrinsic motivations of managers in the end, and contributed to reconcile to the economic and the psychological views
最後，本文對幾種內在性激勵因素諸如授權、口頭批評，進行了經濟學分析，將之納入委託-代理模型，以幫助調和經濟學和心理學中關于經理契約設計的兩種觀點。Market economy is credit economy
市場經濟是信用經濟、契約經濟。分享友人