綜合法律研究 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zōnggěfǎlǜyánjiū]
綜合法律研究 英文
llm general legal studies
  • 綜 : 綜名詞[紡織] （織布機上使 經線交錯著上下分開以便梭子通過的裝置; 綜片） heddle; heald
  • 合 : 合量詞（容量單位） ge, a unit of dry measure for grain （=1 decilitre）
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 律 : Ⅰ名1 （法律; 規則） law; rule; statute; regulation 2 （律詩的簡稱） short for lüshi 3 （姓氏） a ...
  • 研 : 研同 「硯」
  • 究 : Ⅰ動詞（仔細推求; 追查） study carefully; go into; investigate Ⅱ副詞[書面語] （到底; 究竟） actually; really; after all
  • 綜合 : 1 （歸在一起; 聯合成一個統一的整體） synthesize 2 （不同種類、不同性質的事物組合在一起） syntheti...
  • 法律 : law; statute法律保護 legal protection; 法律程序 legal procedure; 法律承認 de jure recognition （...
  • 研究 : 1. （探求） study; research 2. （考慮或商討） consider; discuss; deliberate
  1. For this purpos, from the point of the log geology, aimed at the actuality of the current fractured reservoir log geology interpretation and evaluation, based on synthetical analysis of the current domestic and foreign fruit of fractal dimension investigation of reservoir fracture, using the method and technique of fractal dimension, through the further discussion of the fractal dimension characteristics of m index and n index in the log interpretation archie model in a sample way and through the theoretic reasoning to the fractal dimension dfa and m index of fractured reservoir interval ' s log curve, according to the geophysical signification of the fractal dimension dfa of fractured reservoir interval ' s log curve shape : the more complicated the change of the curve shape is, the larger the its dfa value is, then the more complicated space structure of fracture and pore, then the higher value of m index of space structure of fracture and pore, and so on, the text propounds an improved method, based on box dimension, of covering log curve with scale grid, and by programming computes the dfa and its m index value of fractured reservoir interval ' s log curve, for instance, ac and rt curve, ect, then further puts this technique into application investigation, and makes analysis of application effects in the reservoirs located in l area of qx oil field from three aspects : 1. the dfa and its m index value of fractured reservoir interval ' s log curve, for instance, ac and rt curve, ect, which are derived from computing, is used to identify reservoir type by crossplotting m index with the product df _ acrt of fractal dimension of acoustical wave log curve and restivity log curve and by experiential discriminance plate of reservoir type in l area of qx oil field

    因此，對該區裂縫性儲集層的類型識別、孔滲特徵的測井地質解釋以及儲層裂縫的發育和分佈規律進行深入的研究便成為本文研究的出發點。為此，本文從測井地質的角度，針對當前裂縫性儲層測井地質解釋與評價的現狀，在綜合分析當前國內外儲層裂縫的分形分維研究成果的基礎上，利用分形分維方法和技術，通過對archie測井解釋模型中的m指數、 n指數的分形分維特性的深入淺出的論述以及裂縫性儲層段測井曲線分維d _ （ fa ）與m指數的理論推導，根據裂縫性儲層測井曲線形態分維值的地球物理意義? ?曲線變化越復雜，則其分維值d _ （ fa ）越大、裂縫孔隙空間結構越復雜、裂縫孔隙空間結構指數m值越高等特徵，提出了改進的基於盒維數的測井曲線網格覆蓋法，編程計算了裂縫性儲層段常規測井曲線（如聲波和電阻率曲線）上分形分維值及其m指數值，進而從以下三個方面對qx油田l區塊的裂縫油藏進行應用研究，效果十分理想： 1將計算得到的可變的m指數與聲波和電阻率分維之積df _ acrt進行交繪，採用儲層分維值分類技術統計分析這些參數變化的規律，並結合qx油田l區塊儲層類型經驗判別圖版，從而實現qx油田l區塊下白堊統的裂縫性儲層的類型識別。
  2. Based on field research and the dynamic analysis of remote sensing data of different time ( 1987 tm, 1996 tm and 2000 china - brazil earth resource satellite ccd ), using multi - information of research area ( including data of geology, geography, hydrology, meteorology, economy, human culture and dem ) and existing research results, the dissertation discusses drive factors of desertification and the relationships between drive factors and desertification with the help of gis tool and some mathematical methods such as probability, statistics, curvilinear estimation, logical analysis and analytic hierarchy process

    論文在對研究區土地荒漠化現狀野外調研和不同時相（ 1987tm 、 1996tm和2000ccd ）遙感圖像土地荒漠化信息提取和演變分析的基礎上，結合研究區已有的多元信息基礎資料及研究成果（包括地質、地理、多時期的水文氣象、經濟、人文以及dem數據等） ，運用gis強大的空間分析功能和概率統計、曲線估計、邏輯分析、主成分分析、層次分析等數學方法綜合研究了土地荒漠化與各驅動因子之間的相關關系，揭示了研究區土地荒漠化的主要驅動因素，探討了荒漠化動態演化規律。
  3. According to the diagnoses of agricultural pollutant kinds, quantity and extent in taizhou, applying the systems engineering theory, using the prevention and cure experiences of advanced area for reference, the synthetic prevention and cure countermeasures of agricultural pollution are excogitated which include administrate mechanism, restraining technology, rule of law, scientific layout and devoted mechanism etc

    摘要本研究在調研分析泰州市農業污染源種類、數量及污染程度基礎上，剖析了農業污染的現狀，應用系統工程原理，借鑒先進地區的治理經驗及做法，從防治的管理機制、控制技術、法律法規、科學規劃以及投入機制等五個方面，組裝集成了農業污染綜合防治的對策。
  4. In recent years, the water - saving and control irrigation technique of rice has diverted from plot experimental and demonstration to lare scale. and has got remarkable economic and social benefits. amed at the characteristics of this irrigation area, optimal selection for water - saving techniques of rice, deciding the amout of leaching water and irrigation modles, investigating the adaptability of the water - saving and control irrigation technique in saline land. studying the increase in production mechanism of the technique are important to extend the technique, to better and develop saline land as well as slick spots. according to the results of field experiments, optimization study was conducted on the water - saving irrigation technique of rice in saline land, the effects of different water - saving irrigation techniques on the physiological indexes and yield of rice were systematically analyzed. by using mutiplepurpose fuzzy optimization method, better. water - saving irrigation technique was selector out, that is. the control irrigation technique in rice. the mechanism of it was analyzed from the aspect of the physiological and ecological saving water of rice to provide the implemental process and technical point ; throgh the quantitive analysis and comparision on control irrigation and control class ( flood irrigation ), high production and quality mechanism of the technique was analyzed in terms of physiology indexes of rice, the variation of soil moisture, the pest resistance and the lodge resistance, the change of soil temperature in paddy fields. the yield constitutive factors, the quality of rice and so on. in saline land. control irrigation and intermittent leaching modles were adopted to validate the adaptability of the technique in irrigation of rice in saline land, to analyze rice ' s physiological - ecological indexes and the change of soil salt content under the conditions of control irrigation leaching of rice and and to provide control irrigation and combined modle of intermittent leaching to adapt to different conditions

    本文從試驗及試驗資料入手，取得以下主要成果和結論：對鹽堿地水稻節水灌溉技術進行優化研究，系統地分析了不同節水灌溉技術對水稻生理指標及產量的影響，採用了多目標模糊優化的方法，對灌水技術進行綜合評判，優選了節水灌溉技術，論證該地區宜採用水稻控制灌溉技術；闡述控灌技術通過調節和控制水稻的需水規律，降低水稻高產情況下的無效水量消耗，從水稻生理、生態節水兩方面分析了控灌技術節水機理，針對性地總結出水稻各生育期實施節水控灌技術的步驟及技術要點；通過控灌與淹灌的定量對照比較，從根系、莖蘗、冠層葉片及綠葉動態到株高，土壤水分變化，抗病蟲害、抗倒伏能力，稻田土溫變化，產量構成因素及稻米品質等諸多方面進行動態比較，分析控灌技術高產優質機理；在鹽堿稻地採用控制灌溉+間歇淋洗模式，跟蹤測試田間水鹽變化狀況，驗證控制灌溉技術在鹽堿地區水稻灌溉中應用的適應性，通過分析水稻控制灌溉淋洗條件下水稻生理生態指標，提出優化控制灌溉+間歇淋洗組合模式，為進一步在高礦化度地區試驗水稻控灌技術奠定基礎。
  5. After entry of wto, there are still many maladjustments in guangxi ' s seed industry, such as the weak foundation of sees industry development ; the unformed market of the seed industry for fair competition ; small - scale seed enterprises ; no systematic connection among the cultivation, breeding and marketing ; lower qualification of staff who work in the seed industry and with weak sense of laws, and lack of the knowledge in operating experiences in the international market and trade etc. yet the un - efficiency system, unclear property right in enterprises, the lack of an effective mechanism to promote the rational use of resources in the seed industry and the lack of such concept as " the government creates environment and enterprises create fortune " are the deep - seated causes of the problems in guangxi ' s seed industry. therefore, the key points for promoting development of guangxi ' s seed industry under the wto framework are to focus on the promotion of the developing capability of seeds " integrated products, constantly deepen reforms, to adjust various relevant factors in the system of the seed industry which is inconsistent with each other, and to establish a new - pattern system with evident characteristics of the time spirit in order to meet the requirements of the market economy. hereinto, the specific strategies and measures for promotion of guangxi ' s seed industry development under the wto framework include kee ping up reform and innovation of the system of the seed industry, executing of non - nationalization reform in state - owned seed enterprises, formulating and executing relevant supporting policies, the improving the legal system in the seed industry, increasing public financial support on the seed industry, promoting the integration of cultivation, breeding and marketing, strengthening human resource development, developing the main body of the seed industry ' s market and making proper conditions for the functions of seed associations in the seed industry development etc

    研究結果認為：發展種子產業應該把著眼點放在促進種子整體產品的開發上；種子產業的發展依賴于能充分發揮整體功能的新型種業體系的構建，而目前廣西種業體系中的品種選育、種子生產加工、種子經營以及政府管理、公共支持和社會服務六個主要組成部分都存在明顯的缺陷與不足；廣西種子企業綜合競爭力總體處于較弱水平；面對wto ，廣西種子產業仍有諸多的不適應，突出表現在產業發展基礎薄弱、尚未形成可以公平競爭的種業市場、種子企業規模小、育繁銷脫節、種業人才素質不高、種子企業法律意識淡薄、國際市場運作經驗和國際貿易知識不足等多個方面，而體制不順、企業產權不明晰、缺乏促進種業資源合理流動的有效機制以及「政府創造環境，企業創造財富」的正確理念正是導致目前廣西種子產業不能適應入世需要的深層次原因；因此，以提升種子整體產品開發能力為核心，不斷深化改革，調整種業體系中不相協調的各有關因素，構建起符合市場經濟體制要求的具有鮮明時代特徵的新型種業體系，是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展必須堅持的指導思想；其中，加快種業體制改革和創新、實施對國有種子企業的非國有化改造、制訂落實有關扶持政策、完善種子法律法規體系、加大公共財政對種子產業的支持力度、推進育繁銷一體化的形成、加強人才培養與引進、壯大種業市場主體、實行重點突破戰略、發揮種子行業協會作用等等，都是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展應該採取的具體對策措施。
  6. Guided by the basic principles of marxism theory and in virtue of the theories of bionomics, jurisprudence, legislation, environment law, city planning, environment education and so on, the paper firstly sums up the theories of legislation safeguard for the construction of ecocity and then sets forth the theory foundation of the legislation for construction of ecocity. secondly, in virtue of research methods of odd gene and system analyse, value analyse and demonstration analyse, the analysis of compare and nomology deduction, it makes a thorough anatomy on the problem of the legislation safeguard for our country ' s construction of ecocity practically at present. thirdly, based on discussing the construction of ecocity in foreign countries, their experience of legislation safeguard and revelation for our country, it probes deep into the construction of our country ' s law safeguard system for the construction of ecocity, and thinking and principles of legislation for promoting the legal system of our country ' s construction of ecocity are put forward guided mainly by the the theory of sustainable development. at the same time, the structure and skill of legislation for our country ' s law of promoting the construction of ecocity are particularly discussed

    本文以馬克思主義基本原理為指導，借鑒城市生態環境學、法理學、立法學、環境法學、城市學、環境教育學等相關學科的理論，運用單因子分析與系統分析相結合、規范分析與實證分析相結合、比較分析與法理演繹分析相結合的研究方法，在對生態城市建設立法保障理論進行綜述的基礎上，首先從法理角度論述了生態城市建設立法的理論基礎，並結合實際，對當前我國生態城市建設的立法保障問題作了深入剖析。然後，在借鑒國外生態城市建設及其立法經驗的基礎上，對構建我國生態城市建設的法律保障體系進行了系統深入地探討，提出以可持續發展思想為理論主導的促進我國生態城市建設法制的立法思路和原則，同時，對我國《生態城市建設促進法》的立法架構與技術進行了初步探討。
  7. Objective to analyze the district distribution of physical constitution in han nationality children aged 7 - 18 in 27 provinces in china, and to provide bases for the research of the development roles, influencing factors and the methods of constitution synthetical evaluation

    摘要目的分析中國27省市7 ~ 18歲漢族兒童少年體質水平的地域分佈，為研究兒童少年體質發展規律及影響因素、探討體質綜合評價方法提供依據。
  8. This article combined the present new situation of the development of science and technology in the universities, and summarized the common methods that were often used in the present evaluation of scientific research performance and the coexistent drawbacks, with the aim at enhancing the rationality of the scientific research evaluation. this study demonstrated the relation of metric analysis of scientific papers and the scientific performance in the universities by analyzing periodical literatures distribution and citation rules, according to the theory of scientometrics. this article also emphasizes on metric analysis of scientific papers and investigated the related indexes and their meaning

    本文結合高校科技發展的新形勢，以提高科研評估的合理性為目標，總結分析了當前科研績效評估中常用的方法與存在的問題；以科學計量學理論為依據，從期刊文獻分佈與引證規律的角度，闡述了科技論文計量分析與高校科研績效評估的關系；以科技論文計量分析為重點，研究了論文計量分析的相關指標及其合理內涵；以專家咨詢和數理統計為主要方法，建立了由論文計量分析指標組成的論文綜合評估體系；在對該評估體系進行科學性第四軍醫大學碩士學位論文和實用性分析后，應用評估體系對某軍醫大學附屬醫院的部分科室進行實際測評；最後結合評估實踐，提出了提高科技論文質量的建議，以及科研評估中應注意的問題。
  9. In this paper, thermal evolution history of organic matter of the source rocks and hydrocarbon generation history have been researched by tti method, hydrocarbon migration direction and migration times were probed combining with the area structure development feature ; distribution pattern of the main reservoir intervals on lateral and longitudinal have been predicted by researching on development feature and control factors of the reservoir intervals, the actions of reservoir conditions in hydrocarbon accumulation and bearing also were probed combining with pore evolution feature ; the micro - pore feature of regional cap and direct seal in carboniferous - lower triassic in this area have been determined with micro - capillary pressure curve and intrusive mercury curve ; the prospecting districts have been pointed out combining with the hydro - geologic feature, the potential reservoirs were classified according to trap types in this area, the author attempt to evaluate on the hydrocarbon - bearing condition in the str ata of carboniferous ~ lower triassic from hydrocarbon generation and migration reservoir condition, reserved condition etc, and predict the reservoir types and hydrocarbon - bearing patterns combining with the structure evolution. based on above, the author point out that the central block of chenghu - tuditang synclinorium and the southern block of dangyang synclinorium are the advantageous regions for exploration

    本文用tti方法研究了烴源巖有機質的熱演化史和油氣生成史，並結合區內構造發育特徵，探討油氣在區域上的運移方向和在時間上的運移期次；通過對儲集層段的發育特徵和控制因素的研究，預測了本區主要的儲集層段在橫向上和縱向上的分佈規律，並結合孔隙演化特徵，探討儲集條件在油氣聚集成藏中的作用；利用微毛細管壓力曲線法和壓汞法，對石炭系?下三疊統的區域蓋層和直接蓋層的微孔隙特徵進行了定量評價，並結合水文地質分佈特徵，指出有利於油氣保存的地區；根據區內存在的各種圈閉類型，對可能存在的油氣藏進行了分類，並試圖從油氣的生成與運移、儲集條件、保存條件等方面，動態地綜合評價石炭系?下三疊統油氣成藏條件，並結合構造演化特徵，預測其油氣藏類型和成藏模式。
  10. The wholism angle of the research of the recycle economy legislation requires to analyze the concrete questions through synthetically applying of multi - disciplinary research approaches, among which the law sociology analytical method of the legislation is particularly important

    循環經濟立法研究的整體主義視角要求綜合利用多學科的研究方法，來分析具體問題，其中循環經濟立法的法律社會學分析方法尤為重要。
  11. This paper researches the basic statistical rule of oil - gas dynamic system from the systematic theory, combining with the common characteristic and structure characteristic of oil - gas dynamic system, taking the design requirement of oil field development programming into consideration, by using of functional simulation principle ( including nn method, differential simulation method ) and historical data of oil field, establishes the in - out conjunctional relationship of dynamic index of oil field development, and researches the two level index prediction of development dynamic with both oil field and oil production plant on the basis of the in - out conjunctional relationship. furthermore, this paper analyzes the " decision - making variable ", " object " and " restriction terms " by the optimization theory and set up several optimal models which compose the oil field development programming, it is following : optimization model of the production composing ( solving the optimal composing of each subentry production and cor responding cost, workload, including the onshore thin oil production, the heavy oil thermal process production, tertiary oil recovery production, and the offshore production ) ; optimization model of measure production structure ( determining the optimal composing of each measure production and measure workload, which is composed of fracture, acidulation, capital repair and so on ) ; optimization model of the production distraction ( optimal distribution of the whole oil field production to each oil production plant ) and the integrated development programming model of oil field

    本文從系統理論出發研究油氣動態系統基本統計規律，結合油氣動態系統的一般特點，結構特點，兼顧油田開發規劃設計的要求，利用功能模擬原理（含神經網路方法、微分模擬方法） ，依據油田歷史數據，建立了油田開發動態指標間的輸入輸出關聯關系，並在此輸入輸出關聯關系的基礎上研究了油田及採油廠兩級的開發動態指標預測，同時利用最優化原理，在分析「決策變量」 、 「目標」及「約束條件」的基礎上建立了多個構成油田開發規劃的「優化模型」 ，這些優化模型包括：產量構成優化模型（解決陸上稀油產量、稠油熱采產量、三次採油產量、海上產量及對應的成本、工作量的最優構成問題） ；措施產量結構優化模型（解決壓裂、酸化、大修等各項措施產量及措施工作量的最優構成問題） ；產量分配優化模型（將油田的產量最優地分配到各採油廠）以及油田綜合開發規劃模型。
  12. Through the approach of investigative questionnaire and ability examination, considering both teachers " teaching practice in senior high school and students " need in analyzing and resolving problem, taking the method of fixing the quality and quantity, we make a demonstration research. at last, we draw a conclusion that the 19 manifestations of chemistry ability can be reduced to three levels : the basal level, called repeating thinking, includes distinguishing and judging the chemical fact and relations of quantity in chemical reaction, comparing and summarizing the chemistry fundamental knowledge ; innovative thinking level includes illogical thinking and logical thinking. illogical thinking mainly contains intuition, association and space imagination of micro - particle

    通過調查問卷、能力測試等途徑，結合教師在中學化學的教學實踐和學生在分析、解決問題的實際需要，採用定性與定量結合的方法，進行實證研究，得出結論：化學學科能力的19種表現形式歸納為3個層次：最基礎的再造性思維能力層次包括對化學事實和化學反應中量的關系的識別和判斷、對化學基礎知識的比較概括；以培養創新能力為核心的創造性思維層次包括化學直覺思維、聯想、對微觀粒子的空間想象為主的非邏輯思維和靈活運用已學的化學知識通過分析、綜合地解決問題為主的邏輯思維；化學實驗能力層次是化學學科能力的最高層次，它以思維能力為基礎，集中體現了化學教學的基本特徵，實驗能力層次包括：選用實驗方法和設計實驗方案，對實驗的評價，研究和處理實驗事實、資料、數據，發現規律，表達實驗及其結果，最終解決問題的能力和發散思維。
  13. Most existing constitutive models do not take into account the interactions between different phases of pearlitic steel and cannot illustrate why such kind of materials has excerllent mechanical properties. it is, therefore, necessary to develop a new method, which can describe the macroscopic behavior, damage and failure of the materials and their micro structural dependence. in this paper, based on a non - classical theory of plasticity and the continuum damage mechanics, a damage evolution based on an ellipsoidal void model for mixed hardening materials is obtained

    已有的關于珠光體鋼的本構模型多難以考慮珠光體材料的微結構及其相互作用，難以解釋珠光體材料何以具有較好的綜合力學性能，因此有必要發展一種多層次的細觀力學分析方法以研究此材料在復雜加載條件下計及微結構特徵的宏觀響應特性，使材料的強度、疲勞壽命的預測與其微結構及各組成相的損傷及微觀應力應變演化規律聯系起來，進而為材料微結構的設計提供依據。
  14. The text lays particular emphasis on the evaluation of the groundwater, involves the groundwater type, groundwater chemical characteristics, the amount of the water resource and the natural groundwater amount by using the method of numerical model after the calculation of the parameters, such as transmissivity, the coefficient of the flexible water release, with the data of the pumping test in the research zone

    採用visualmodflow地下水軟體進行數學模型的求解。在地下水流數學模型識別和驗證后，設計了兩種方案進行了地下水的預報。應用同位素分餾原理和質量守恆定律，確定不同含水層中地下水的成因及形成條件，建立本研究區地下水系統的水循環模式;採用模糊綜合評價方法對研究區內的水質進行了評價。
  15. This article first introduces environmental value, its category and assessment of environmental value ; then environmental policy, environmental compensation of usa, and cercla, opa ’ 90 will be introduced. also, rules on assessment of environmental damage contemplated in directions issued by euro parliament and eu council of ministers and their developments will be explored. demonstrative analysis, comparative analysis and etc. will be applied in the research of the above law, and meanwhile, theory of environmental economics will be adopted in assessment of environmental damage

    本文首先是通過環境的價值及其分類和評價環境價值的各種方法的介紹，讓大家對環境的價值有初步的認識;再通過對美國的環境對策、補償、責任法（ cercla ） 、油污法（ opa 』 90 ）和歐洲議會及歐盟部長理事會關于環境損害的預防和救濟的指令案中關于對自然環境資源的損害評價規則和發展過程進行分析探討，綜合運用實證分析、比較分析等方法來研究上述法律運用環境經濟學原理來確定損害賠償額的評價方法。
  16. At present there are more reports on soil erosion by experts from home and abroad, but most of these reports were about simulation and research based on a single factor. there are little reports on soil erosion on entire watershed, adopted comprehensive research measures according to the principle of ecological system, especially on soil erosion from the intensive farming system on slope lands, watersheds exploited for agroforestry industry, as well as appraisal reports on soil fertility index

    目前國內外學者有關水土流失的報道很多，但大多數以單一因素和模擬試驗研究較多，而從生態系統角度出發，採用綜合方法，在小流域尺度上研究水土流失規律較少；對小流域坡耕地綜合農業措施水土保持效應和小流域綜合開發利用過程中水土流失規律研究以及侵蝕土壤肥力評價的研究則更少。
  17. First, the basic raster graphics algorithms for drawing 2d primitives are introduced, including edge coherence and the scan - line algorithm of triangle, brush algorithm of thick line ( and its improved method ) and midpoint circle and ellipse algorithm ; and the current situation of the advanced algorithms is also involved. second, the mapping of high level programming language to hardware description language is described, some principles of the conversion of algorithm to state machine are proposed also ; then, the implementation of basic graphics in hardware is discussed in detail, the state machines are drawn in the paper, and the interfaces of hardware are defined, block diagrams too, and the advanced algorithm of conic is proved ; finally, some issues about test are described, the results of simulation and synthesis are given in the last, and some detailed data are displayed in the appendix

    首先介紹了現有的基本圖形生成演算法，包括三角形邊相關掃描演算法，寬直線的線刷子演算法及其改進和圓形、橢圓的生成演算法，同時介紹了加速演算法的研究現狀；然後，討論了高級語言描述到硬體描述語言的映射，提出了演算法到狀態機抽象的規律；接著具體討論了基本圖形的硬體實現，給出了各演算法的狀態機圖，介面定義和實現框架，並且從理論角度給出了二次曲線加速演算法的證明：最後採用軟體工具進行測試驗證，給出了模擬、綜合實現的結果，並在附錄中有詳細的實驗結果數據。
  18. The paper through to analyse the background, meaning and necessity for implement bidding & tender of online architectural design, through to discript and compare with different mode of domestic and international of application for bidding & tender in network, to propose a unique opinion of solution system which is ndbs mode for bidding & tender of online architectural design, the mode is to submit the whole course of bidding & tender of online architectural design from planning for bid, information issue, pre - qualification, call for bid meeting, tender submit, tender evaluation and confirm the solution to sign the contract in internet. the paper through to structure a bidding platform ( bdb. cn ), to analyse the funcation procedure of bidding and tender system of online architectural design, from the sight of bid invitor, bidder and tender evaluated angle, to link them closely. the paper carry on system design to ndbs mode, input and outut, the information and keep them, safety and data stored, the paper combine with online architectural desigh wenzhou huameng building ( railway station road 1 - 2 massif ) as an example of ndbs mode finally, the result of study indicate, bidding and tender of online architectural design is not only feasible technically, the procedure of bidding and tender accord wigh the law, but also it is unanimous in traditional bidding way, this implement the scheme can improve working efficiency greatly, reduce the cost of bidding effictives, make it standard science further, to realize a pualitative leap in the building management level

    論文通過對實施網上建築設計招標投標的背景、意義及必要性進行分析，通過對國內外不同模式招標投標網路應用的綜合敘述與比較，提出了具有獨特見解的系統的網上建築設計招標投標解決方案? ? ndbs模式，該模式是對建築設計招標投標全過程從招標準備、信息發布、資格預審、招標會議、標書遞交、評標決標到合同簽訂的網上解決方案，論文從構建網上招標平臺（ bdb . cn ）開始，對建築設計招標投標系統的功能流程進行分析，從招標人、投標人和評標人的角度出發，通過對其在整個招標投標活動流程在網際網路中的無縫連接，使得通過bdb . cn招標平臺，能夠達到建築設計招標投標各參與方的一網打盡。論文還對ndbs模式進行了系統設計，對輸入輸出、安全與數據加密和招標投標資料儲存進行設計，從技術的層面對該系統提出了解決的方案。論文最後還結合溫州華盟大廈工程（車站大道1 - 2 #地塊）的網上建築設計招標投標的實例，對ndbs模式進行了實證，研究結果表明，實施網上建築設計招標投標，不僅在技術上是成熟可行的，在工作流程上是符合法律法規的，與傳統的招標投標方式也是一致的，而且能夠大大提高工作效率，有效降低招標投標成本，使得招標投標能夠更加規范、科學，實現建設管理水平的一個質的飛躍。
  19. Appeals are complex and time - consuming, and require a combination of extraordinary ability in doing legal reseaerch, organizing case materials, analyzing materials against legal standards, writing briefs and developing advocacy strategy

    上訴是一項非常復雜、非常耗時的工作，對律師在法律研究、卷宗材料的組織、法律分析和證據分析、訴狀寫作和上訴戰略的制定等方面的綜合能力，要求甚高。
  20. I. general survey of the merger concerning anti - monopoly law through research and analysis of the legal features of merger and restriction of effect of competition caused by various types of mergers and legislations in western countries, the writer considers that merger in a broad sense must be applied to the anti - monopoly law of our country. emphasis must be laid in restriction of horizontal merger in the legislation of our anti - monopoly law. as to vertical and mixed merger, legislative attitude of less and non - limitation could be taken respectively

    筆者通過對企業合併的法律特徵、不同種類的企業合併對競爭效果的限制和西方國家立法的研究分析，認為廣義的企業合併應為我國的反壟斷法所用；我國的反壟斷立法重點規制的應是橫向合併，對垂直合併和混合合併可以分別採取放鬆和不予控制的立法態度；在立法體例和發展性上，可以綜合各國一部分做法，採取分別立法，同時兼顧其它國家的反壟斷法。
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