線下支出 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xiànxiàzhīchū]
線下支出 英文
below the line expenditure
  • 線 : 名詞1 （用絲、棉、金屬等製成的細長的東西） thread; string; wire 2 [數學] （一個點任意移動所構成的...
  • 下 : 下動詞1. （用在動詞后,表示由高處到低處） 2. （用在動詞后, 表示有空間, 能容納） 3. （用在動詞后, 表示動作的完成或結果）
  • 支 : Ⅰ名詞1 （分支; 支派） branch; offshoot 2 （地支） the twelve earthly branches3 （姓氏） a surname...
  • 支出 : 1. （付出去） pay; expend; disburse 2. （支付的款項） expenses; expenditure; outlay; disbursement
  1. And it can be divided into four phases of urban tourism of china, in which there are different characteristics. ( 2 ) the evolutive rules of urban tourism of china are as follows : 1 ) the exoteric extent of tourism notion is more and more swell ; 2 ) the form of urban tourism renovate with the development of cities ; 3 ) the layout of urban tourism inner and outer is from close and complanate to exoteric and tridimensional ; 4 ) the sustaining system of urban tourism is from absent to as clear as a bell, and will reach a rational and advanced extent. 5 ) the social delamination of urban tourism is form stern to syncretic ; 6 ) the evolvement tendency of urban tourism should be generalized as a curve of accumbent " s ", which present a course makes up of low - grade development, high - speed development and balanced development

    主要觀點歸納如下： （ 1 ）城市旅遊是基於城市的發展而發展的，中國城市旅遊可分為古代、近代、現代和后現代四個階段，分別對應於前工業文明時期的城市旅遊、工業文明萌芽時期的城市旅遊、全面建設工業文明和后工業文明因素初露端倪時期的城市旅遊，以及邁向信息時代的城市旅遊，其間體現出不同的城市旅遊發展特徵； （ 2 ）經歷不同發展的時期，中國城市旅遊表現出如下的演進規律： 1 ）城市旅遊觀念開放程度逐漸增強，對城市旅遊的容納度日趨加大，對城市旅遊地位的認識從忽視到關注再成為生活的必要因素； 2 ）旅遊形式從單一走向多元，新的旅遊形式隨城市發展層出不窮； 3 ）城市旅遊的內外部空間聯系從封閉平面走向開放立體，達到網路化、連綿化、分區化、立體化布局； 4 ）城市旅遊支持系統從缺失走向健全，達到理性高端； 5 ）城市旅遊社會分層從森嚴走向融合，經歷了「小眾旅遊」 、 「大眾旅遊」 ，最終發展到「全民旅遊」 ； 6 ）城市旅遊產業演變態勢可以概括為一條橫臥的「 s 」曲線，表現為低開?高走?平穩發展。
  2. If we imagine, instead of generals of genius at the head of the russian army, an army acting alone, without leadership of any kind, such an army could have done nothing else but move back again towards moscow, describing a semicircle through the country that was best provided with necessaries, and where supplies were most plentiful

    假如俄國軍隊不是在英明的統帥領導下，而只是一支沒有指揮官的軍隊，那麼，除了從糧草較多物產較富的地區，沿著一條弧線朝莫斯科迂迴之外，不會做出任何別的抉擇。
  3. The current travel the main contents of culture stanzas to include the building mountain district exquisite article the resources to display, the literature performance wait the activity. the building mountain that rites part is solemn is cultured, and perform the part of and happiness and crazy, outstanding suburb color, mold the clear suburb topic of to emerge with the consciousness with the the new atmosphere to travel the area of big area, culture. the current travels the culture stanza with the happy suburb, sahuan building mountain " for the topic, travel the culture stanza the opening ceremony and saint mountain the scenery to spend a holiday the area to start practice the celebration ceremony the rites, building mountain the economic trade to talk over the meeting with the tenth building mountain, continuously the fire of the human civilization the motherland is good, the capital city is beautiful " three corpus activities of activities of publicity educations are with the stanza of white grass cookhouse ground sahuan son ", ten cross river the light stanza, celebrate the 7 1 " hall the whole image for ascending folk king of country whip performing, cloud residing the the series the activity, the spending the hole, silver the fox the hole, fairy the the hole, cloud the water hole " fourth holes look foring the competing and go to the countrying is a farmering, cut in lining " experience personallying a day swiming sixth items prop upping the activity to main contents, molding the root in peking the, hole the kingdom " ; release the north line of building mountain to travel the hallway, and adjust the mountain area the environment of economic construction, ecosystem, and promote the farmer to increase to accept, quickly the building mountain travel a developments step, and go on a tour for whole municipal and periphery visitor, recreational, the amusement invest with chinese and foreign businessman to start a business the offering is more, more ideal choice. attraction the more people travel the building the mountain, investment into the building mountain, and further push that area to completely develop

    儀式部分莊重典雅，表演部分歡樂狂野，突出郊野色彩，塑造鮮明的郊野主題和親和意識，展現房山旅遊大區文化名區的新氣象。本屆旅遊文化節以「 happy郊野撒歡房山」為主題，以第十屆房山旅遊文化節開幕式暨聖蓮山風景度假區開業慶典儀式房山經貿洽談會續燃人類文明之火「祖國好京城美」宣傳教育活動三項主體活動和白草畔野營地「撒歡兒節」十渡河燈節慶「七一」堂上鄉村民俗霸王鞭表演雲居寺祈福迎祥系列活動「石花洞銀狐洞仙棲洞雲水洞」四洞尋寶比賽及下鄉務農「插隊」體驗一日游六項支撐活動為主要內容，塑造「北京根祖，溶洞王國」的整體形象推出房山北線旅遊走廊，調整山區經濟結構，優化生態環境，促進農民增收，加快房山旅遊黃金圈建設步伐，為全市及周邊遊客出遊休閑娛樂和中外客商投資創業提供更多更理想的選擇。吸引更多的人旅遊到房山投資進房山，進一步推動該區全面發展。
  4. Usage : manufacture tungsten wire, frame of grid, elicit wire, bracket, unsag tungsten wire, mould rods in high temperature, eradiate cathode, electrodes, bracket of heating

    用途：用於製造鎢絲柵極邊桿引出線支架不下垂鎢絲，高溫定型桿發射陰極電極加熱子支撐桿等。
  5. According to the topology of the substation and resistance measurements of down - leaders, the erosion diagnosis equation is built and the resistance variations of grounding grid branches are solved, and the erosion of grounding grid could be found through the fuzzy diagnosis regulation

    利用接地網拓撲結構圖及接地網引下線間的電阻測量值，建立腐蝕診斷方程，通過求解診斷方程，計算出接地網支路電阻值變化量，採用模糊診斷方法判斷出接地網導體腐蝕的情況。
  6. The study in the paper starts with beam distortions, and it treats the plastic deformation area as pure bending sect, rest of the beam as rigid bodies. according to different shapes of the external tendons, it divides into three structural forms familiar in projects, that is the beams with no deviator, with a deviator and with two deviators, and studies the relation between the deformation of the external prestressing tendons and that of the beams, and derives the formulas of the ultimate stress increment of external tendons. in the formulas, the ultimate angle corresponding to half of the plastic deformation area is considered as a variable parameter

    本文首先從梁極限狀態下的變形入手，將塑性鉸區看作純彎段，將塑性鉸以外的區域看作剛體，按照體外預應力筋的形狀不同，分工程中最常見的三種體外結構形式，即無轉向塊的直線型體外筋混凝土梁、具有一個轉向塊的單折線型梁和具有兩個轉向塊的雙折線型梁，研究體外預應力筋變形和梁體的變形間的關系，推導出以極限狀態下塑性鉸區之半對應的轉角為參數的計算體外預應力混凝土簡支梁以及連續梁的體外筋應力增量計算公式，並進一步求得梁的極限承載力。
  7. In the positive analysis, the paper, firstly using the 1978 and 2001 data in ( time order ) and analyzing the total consumption and its structural characters of rural residents in liaoning province, including the basic tendency and structural change of rural their consumption, came to the conclusion that since the reform and opening up, the total consumption level of rural residents has been promoted and their consumption structure has been improved in liaoning ; secondly, using 2001 sectional data, econometrically analyzed the peasants " consumption structure by employing the by which in the analysis the author makes the assumptions as follows : all the consumers have the identical marginal budget share or the identical marginal propensity to consume when consuming certain goods

    本論文首先利用1978 ? ? 2001年的時序資料分析了遼寧省農民消費的總量狀況和結構特徵，包括農民消費的基本走勢及農民消費結構的變遷。得出：改革開放以來，遼寧省農民總體消費水平有了一定程度的提高，農民消費結構不斷改善；其次選擇2001年截面資料對遼寧省農民消費結構進行了計量分析，在這部分分析中，選用的模型是擴展的線性支出系統模型（簡稱eles模型） ，但採用擴展的線性支出系統模型進行分析和預測消費傾向中，暗含著如下假定： 「對某類消費品的邊際預算份額或邊際消費傾向，所有消費者都是相同的。 」
  8. In this paper, the author combines the theory analysis with the experiment research method, and discusses the seismic behaviours, 3d elaborate finite element analysis and simplified model analysis of a kind of multi - function tall building - " sub - shearwall supported by frame ", which is applied widely today. the main contents are as follows : in order to observe the failure process and the earthquake response of the complex structure, and to analysis the seismic behaviour of the structural system and structural members, a 1 / 20 cement mortor model of a complex tall - building which is about to be built was producted and the shaking table test of this model under 26 sorts of earthquake loads was made. using sap2000 finite element analysis program, a 3d analysis model was built in computer, and the elastic time - history analysis of the model was done

    本文採用理論分析和試驗研究相結合的方法，研究了目前應用較多的綜合性大廈? ?框支分區剪力墻高層商住樓的抗震性能及空間精細分析和簡化分析方法，主要內容為以下幾方面：對一擬建的復雜高層建築結構，採用1 20比例的空間整體模型，進行了26種工況下的模擬地震振動臺試驗，觀察了結構的破壞過程和地震反應，分析了結構及構件的抗震性能；建立了結構的精細空間模型，利用sap2000n大型有限元分析程序對結構進行了彈性時程分析；通過有限元分析與試驗結果的對比，對結構的抗震性能和抗震能力做出綜合評價，認為該結構由於轉換層上部去掉部分樓板，既可滿足建築設計的通風、採光等要求，又可達到協調結構轉換層上、下樓層抗側剛度的效果，是一種較理想的有多道抗震防線的結構型式。
  9. The results showed that : ( 1 ) the models used by author and the analysis are useful and can be practiced. ( 2 ) after using isolation technology, the structure ' s period, earthquake response, base shear force and acceleration are all decreased markedly and the horizontal displacement focuses on isolation layer. ( 3 ) under frequent earthquake action, the shear force ratio between layers is close to 0. 35 ; in according with the provision in aseismic design code that the horizontal seismic reduction coefficient can choose 0. 53 and the upper building can be designed by decreasing one degree

    計算模型分別採用三維空間模型及規范中建議的彈簧、質量模型，隔震層採用疊層橡膠隔震支座，運用大型結構有限元計算程序sap2000以及自主開發的nba結構程序計算隔震結構在多維地震動輸入下的動力非線性時程反應，同時研究了隔震結構在溫度變化的作用下，結構各桿件的內力變化，通過對變電建築物在傳統抗震作用下及隔震作用下的分析比較，得出一些有益的結論。
  10. A very important one is the intersystem prediction and analysis of electromagnetic compatibility to the radio systems in this electromagnetic environment. this paper presents research on the intersystem prediction and analysis of electromagnetic compatibility to the radio systems positioned by the geographical longitude and latitude coordinate system and the elevation system. it can give assistant solution to the interference among the radio systems so as to avoid functional degradation and even failure after the systems disposed and mounted and the money and time wasting

    本文對處于陸上局部區域內的、以經緯度地理坐標系和高程系進行定位的無線電系統間的電磁兼容性預測進行了研究，以對系統間的相互干擾情況作出預測，給解決局部區域中無線電系統間相互干擾問題的方案提供支持，以避免在系統布置、安裝完成之後出現相互干擾情況而使系統性能下降，甚至失效，造成資金和時間的浪費。
  11. Based on nonlinear finite element theory, stress and deformation behaviors are analyzed after ground stabilization and foundation pit reinforcement with deep mixing method. by comparison of the conditions of treatment and non - treatment of two examples respectively, the results indicate that the match ratio scheme used for deep mixing method is more ideal when soft clay is stabilized in this area of fuzhou in the thesis. this scheme not only can fully utilize industrial waste material, but also can economize construction cost

    對于加固土的工程特性，本文以非線性有限元理論為基礎，模擬分析水泥攪拌樁加固地基和基坑支護加固的應力和變形情況；通過兩個例子分別在有處理和無處理情況下的對比，利用固化劑最佳摻入比來設計地基處理方案，並運用非線性有限元方法計算出土體內大小主應力的分佈情況以及變形情況，結果表明本文所得出的配合比方案用於深層攪拌樁法來對福州地區軟粘土進行地基加固時還是比較理想的，這樣不僅充分利用工業廢料，還可節約工程造價。
  12. In this paper, the target radiate characteristics and waveband selection of the infrared system reviewed briefly ; the suppression of the stray radiation in the infrared sub - system is discussed ; the material selection, the support structure and optimization of the primary mirror in the infrared sub - system of the theodolite, every factor which will affect the surface figure of the mirror is discussed in detail and get the result that in the circumstance of shooting range, the primary factor which affects the surface figure of the mirror in the infrared sub - system is temperature changing, this ca n be resolved by using material of low expansion coefficient and using same material in the mirror and the mirror seat

    本文將對紅外系統的目標輻射特徵分析和波段選擇進行簡要回顧，討論紅外系統中雜散輻射的抑制，並詳盡分析經緯儀紅外光學系統設計中所涉及到的反射鏡的材料、支撐、結構和優化設計等問題，認真討論和分析影響主鏡的面形精度的各種可能因素。並指出：在靶場環境下影響經緯儀紅外分系統主鏡面形精度的主要原因是溫度的變化，這種情況可通過選擇低線膨脹系數的材料並且使鏡座和反射鏡採用相同的材料予以解決。
  13. A calculation example is presented, and the maxi mum dynamic deflection of the beam bridge under the conditions of different speeds, different weights and different lengths of a vehicle is calculated

    分別分析了一輛汽車以不同車速、不同車重及通過不同跨徑橋梁時的情況，並給出了相應情況下的簡支梁橋跨中動位移的變化曲線。
  14. In order to develop and consummate the analysis theory and calculation method of base - isolated structures, based on the research on restoring force model of isolation systems and the analysis on the nonlinear seismic response of base - isolated structures, the analysis on multi - dimensional and lateral - torsional coupled seismic response of base - isolated structures is developed in this paper. according to the mechanical performance of isolation systems, detailed analysis and improvement of the present research, an unilateral and a bilateral coupled visco - elastic hysteretic model for rubber bearings, an unilateral and a bilateral coupled visco - elasto - plastic differential hysteretic model for lead rubber bearings, an unilateral and a bilateral coupled modified visco - plastic differential hysteretic model for sliding friction bearings are proposed

    為進一步發展和完善基礎隔震結構分析理論和計算方法，本文以隔震系統恢復力模型研究及基礎隔震結構非線性地震反應分析為基礎，對基礎隔震結構的多維地震反應及平?扭耦聯地震反應開展了以下幾方面的研究工作：根據隔震系統力學性能的特點，在現有研究成果的基礎上，對隔震系統恢復力計算模型進行了改進和創新，提出了普通疊層橡膠支座單向及雙向耦合粘彈性恢復力計算模型，鉛芯疊層橡膠支座單向及雙向耦合粘彈塑性微分型恢復力計算模型，摩擦滑動支座單向及雙向耦合修正粘塑性微分型恢復力計算模型。
  15. The paper proposes that the damage surface adopt curvilinear slip - surface, based on analyzing several normal models of soil pressure, and a new method of calculation soil pressure of brace structure of deep foundation - pit is derivated based on prandtl theory under this assumption. moreover contrasting against computational method of the classics soil pressure, better effect is acquired in the actual application

    本文在對幾種常用的土壓力模型進行分析比較的基礎上，提出了採用曲線滑動面作為破壞面，並在此假設下根據普朗特爾理論推導出一種計算深基坑支護結構中土壓力的新方法，並與經典土壓力計算方法作了比較，在實際應用中也取得了較好的效果。
  16. Secondllv in the 1 d random traffic flow model. the relation function between the correlation and the creation. disappearance. brake probabilities of the vehicles is presented. according to the statistical mechanical approach to the spatial correlation functions. the theoretical results agree with that of the computer simulation. thirdh. based on the bml model. a main - road traffic flow model with two speeds on two dimensions is designed. this model simulate the traffic situation of one main road and several branches in the cit traffic lights placed on the crossing. vehicles breaking ~ vhile running and turning to other direction while jamming. we investigate the ~ ' e1ocitv and flo ~ ~ of the model when the initial densitvthe brake and turning probabilities. the green to signal rati3. thc number of the branches and the period of the signal are changed. then the reasons causing all the kinds of phenomena are analvzed. finallv. we simulate the bml model using the method of lattice boltzmann which ~ vas brought out by liu mu - renand obtain the velocity - density graph similar to the previous result. the upper critical densiw above which there are oniv jamming configurations. and the lo ~ ver critical density below which there are only moving configurations are the same as before. the boltzmann function which is on the lattices shows the moving and jaxmning transition obviouslv. thus it proves the possibilit of this method on the traffic research

    接著，建立了和研究了二維二速的主幹道模型，該模型模擬了城市交通中一條主幹道，多條支道的交通情況，在幹道與支道的交叉路口設置紅綠燈，車輛在運行中可以有對突發事件發生反應的剎車，在發生堵塞時，路口的車輛可考慮通過轉向來緩解交通等各種實際情況的發生，給出了車輛演化的演化方程，並通過計算機模擬，研究模型在改變車輛的初始密度、剎車概率、轉向概率、支道數、紅綠燈信號的綠信比、紅綠燈信號周期等各種情況下支、主幹道車輛的速度、流量的變化，並分析在各種情況下交通狀況的成因，提出改善交通的有效措施。最後，在劉慕仁提出的用格子boltzmann方法研究一維決定論交通流的思路下，將此法推廣到對二維bml模型的模擬上，得到了與用以往方法的研究結果相類似的速度-密度圖線，且車輛從運動相到堵塞相轉變的上下臨界密度是一致的，同時分別給出車輛在處于暢通相和堵塞相時， boltzmann函數在格子上的分佈情況，進一步驗證了此法的可行性。
  17. By using the theory of planar dynamics system to a class of coupling nonlinear equations, the existence of uncountably infinite many smooth and non - smooth periodic wave solutions and solitary wave solutions is obtained. under different parametric conditions, various sufficient conditions to gurantee the existence of the above solutions are given

    研究了一類廣義耦合非線性方程的行波解分支，得到了該方程的無窮多光滑與非光滑周期波的存在性，並在各種不同的參數條件下，給出了保證該方程上述解以及孤波解存在的充要條件。
  18. So, this paper mainly studys " the real - time character of several communication networks in network control system " sponsored by national natural science foundation of china : " modeling and analysis of fieldbus - based real - time industrial communication system " ( no. 60084001 ) and " analysis and improvement of high speed ethernet in realtime capability " ( pra si - 0104 )

    本文在國家自然科學基金項目「基於現場總線的實時工業通訊系統建模與分析（ 60084001 ） 」和「中法先進研究計劃」課題： 「面向工業實時通訊的高速以太網實時能力分析與優化（ pras101 - 04 ） 」的支持下，提出了「網路控制系統中的若干通信網路實時特性研究」 。
  19. The analytical theory for one - dimensional large - strain and non - linear consolidation of soft soils under time - dependent loading obtained herein provides a direct and efficiency tool for the verification of numerical methods used in solving large - strain consolidation problems. moreover, the semi - analytical method and the corresponding computer code developed provide more reasonable theoretical supports for practical consolidation analyses and computations of soft clayey soils

    本文在簡化假定下給出的考慮變荷載的軟粘土一維大應變非線性固結解析解為大應變固結問題各種數值解法的驗證提供了直接有效的工具；建立的半解析法和編制的相應程序為實際軟粘土地基的固結分析提供了更為先進合理的理論支撐。
  20. Ieee journal on selected areas in communications, aug. 1999, 17 : 1380 - 1394. 8 lee s j, su w, hsu j et al. a performance comparison study of ad hoc wireless multicast protocols

    根據以上的觀察，本文提出了一個無線自組網路wireless ad hoc networks環境下支持可靠組播的mac協議- 「 rmac 」 。
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