線路使用程度 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xiànlùshǐyòngchéngdù]
線路使用程度 英文
line utilization
  • 線 : 名詞1 （用絲、棉、金屬等製成的細長的東西） thread; string; wire 2 [數學] （一個點任意移動所構成的...
  • 路 : 1 （道路） road; way; path 2 （路程） journey; distance 3 （途徑; 門路） way; means 4 （條理） se...
  • 使 : Ⅰ動詞1 （派遣; 支使） send; tell sb to do sth : 使人去打聽消息 send sb to make inquiries2 （用; ...
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 程 : 名詞1 （規章; 法式） rule; regulation 2 （進度; 程序） order; procedure 3 （路途; 一段路） journe...
  • 度 : 度動詞[書面語] （推測; 估計） surmise; estimate
  • 線路 : 1. [電學] circuit; line 2. [交通運輸] line; route
  • 程度 : 1. （知識、能力的水平） level; degree 2. （事物變化達到的狀況） extent; degree
  1. In this paper, the main research works are as follows : 1 ) survey and analysis previous work in auv navigation and summarize : as the cumulate error, the dead - reckoning and inertial navigation systems ca n ' t be used without other modified system ; the acoustic navigation system is used only in small range, and is very expensive. 2 ) two important approaches in geophysical navigation techniques are summarized, one is terrain contour based navigation, this approach is investigated keystone today ; the other is image based navigation, due to no perfect image sensors and image seabed map, this approach has seldom been practised. 3 ) two important terrain contour based navigation algorithms has been applied to auv, one is match algorithm - based terrain contour match ( tercom ) ; the other is kalman filter - based sandia inertia terrain - aided navigation ( sitan )

    主要研究內容包括：一、總結分析了當前水下導航的常用方法和不足之處，指出基於航位推算的導航方法，存在著最大的問題就是導航誤差的積累問題，如果沒有修正系統，這種方法很難滿足使用要求；其次指出基於聲學的導航方法，造價昂貴，導航范圍有限，難以滿足自主水下航行器大范圍導航的需求；二、總結了當前水下地形輔助導航的主要技術路線，一是基於地形高程的匹配方法，這是當前研究的重點；二是基於地形圖像的匹配方法，由於缺乏良好的圖像傳感器，和可用的海底圖像地圖，目前這種方法還有待研究發展；三、將兩種地形高程匹配的常用方法應用到自主水下航行器上：以相關演算法為前提的地形輪廓匹配（ tercom ）方法和以卡爾曼濾波為基礎的桑迪亞慣性地形輔助導航（ sitan ）方法，前者演算法簡單可靠，但是導航精度不高，後者雖然精度比較高，但存在著演算法較為復雜、有可能發散和出現奇異值等問題。
  2. Thirdly, the paper discusses the driver of the peripheral equipment, how to port the uc / os - n and uclinux, h. 323 protocol and the application of the system in the digital speech classroom. also some software and hardware measure are adopted to enhance the system stability. at last, the shortcoming and the something to be improved are given. dsp can be used to realize real - time speech coding algorithm, and after porting ( ac / os - n, arm can manage the keyboard, the lcd and the ethernet peripheral etc. then the embedded network system with specific purpose can be used in others fields, such as pda, set of top, web tv, ect

    在實際設計實現中，為提高系統軟、硬體整體穩定性和可靠性，使用了以下幾種方法： （ 1 ）低電壓復位、抗電源抖動能力、增加時鐘監測電路、抗電磁干擾能力、散熱等技術； （ 2 ）多層pcb設計，線路板結構緊湊，電源部分採用數字5v 、 3 . 3v 、 3v 、 1 . 8v和模擬5v多電源供電； （ 3 ）選用表面貼和bga封裝的器件； （ 4 ）按照軟體工程的要求進行系統分析，規劃系統框圖、流程分析、模塊劃分，減小了不同模塊的相關性，從而最大限度避免了錯誤的發生。
  3. Smart antenna has two critical tasks, one is to filter the uplink signals, and the other is to form the downlink beam, and we need adaptive algorithm and digital signal processing ( dsp ) technology to fulfill these work. adaptive algorithm is one of the most important technologies of smart antenna, and it determines smart antenna ' s speed to the wanted to signal and the complexity of the circuit of the communication system

    自適應演算法是智能天線的核心技術之一，它決定著智能天線對來波信號響應的速率和系統實現電路的復雜程度，系統需要針對各種通信環境來選擇合適的演算法，也可以採用演算法分集的方法來使整個系統工作在最佳狀態。
  4. This paper supplies the theoretical analysis and practical discussion on lateral force & friction from point of view about vehicle suspension and shock absorber itself. it gives a new utility engineering concept called shock absorber stiff coefficient. we also sum up the technology norms and parameters of the test of shock absorber lateral forre & friction property on domestic equipment comprehensively

    該文從車輛懸架系統的角度和減振器本體的角度對車輛筒式減振器側向受力與摩擦進行了理論分析和試驗.提出了減振器硬系數等工程實用新概念.文中系統歸納了使用國產設備進行減振器側向受力與摩擦臺架試驗的技術路線與試驗參數
  5. Abstract : this paper supplies the theoretical analysis and practical discussion on lateral force & amp; friction from point of view about vehicle suspension and shock absorber itself. it gives a new utility engineering concept called shock absorber stiff coefficient. we also sum up the technology norms and parameters of the test of shock absorber lateral forre & amp; friction property on domestic equipment comprehensively

    文摘:該文從車輛懸架系統的角度和減振器本體的角度對車輛筒式減振器側向受力與摩擦進行了理論分析和試驗.提出了減振器硬系數等工程實用新概念.文中系統歸納了使用國產設備進行減振器側向受力與摩擦臺架試驗的技術路線與試驗參數
  6. " with the implementation of the ifr procedures, pilots can utilise signals from ground navigation aids and fly along the designated ifr routes even when the visibility precludes visual flights. the regularity of the helicopter service between hong kong and macau is therefore improved, " the spokesman said

    他說：儀表飛行規則程序獲準使用后，即使能見度低至不可能靠目視飛行，飛行員仍可根據地面導航儀器所發出的信息，以設定的儀表飛行規則路線飛行，令來往港澳之間的直升機服務更有規律。
  7. In order to make the sensitivity of 2 - demension accelerometer along the two main arbors almost identical, symmetric four - beam structure that embeds a double - sides interdigitated differential capacitive with puckered beam in two directions was used as sensitive component. in addition, the differential capacitive accelerometer fabricated by bulky silicon micromechanical technique has high sensitivity, wide measurement scope, less nonlinear error, and simple converting circuit. then, the structure parameters of the sensitive component were calculated and stimulated, which results in a set of the optimized structure design parameters, main fabrication procedure and several key fabrication technology

    為使二維振動傳感器在兩主軸方向的靈敏度大致相同，敏感元件採用高度對稱的四梁結構，其中每個軸向上均採用帶折疊梁的雙側叉指電容結構，採用體硅微機械工藝製作的高深寬比叉指電容式敏感元件，具有高靈敏度、寬量程、非線性誤差小、外圍電路簡單等優點;對設計的敏感元件結構參數進行了計算，並利用有限元法進行了模擬分析，根據模擬結果得出了優化參數;在確定敏感結構的基礎上，研究了敏感元件採用體硅微機械加工工藝製作的工藝流程和關鍵工藝技術;對敏感晶元內部的c - v介面電路進行了原理設計與分析，利用差動測量技術得到由振動引起的微小電容變化量，經c - v介面電路進行相位調制處理，然後通過解調輸出與加速度成正比的電壓信號。
  8. In accordance with the fact of power system and the analysis of the power flow induced by a certain wheeling transaction in one transmission line to allocate the transmission losses and the unit power price of each transmission line, the paper proposed a corresponding wheeling costs model

    本文主要討論了電力市場中轉運費用的定價問題，結合電力系統的實際情況，通過描述轉運業務對線路的使用程度來對線路固定成本及網路損耗進行分攤，並提出相應的轉運費定價模型。
  9. By successful solution of non - linear magnetic fields and revision of the program, we can reach following conclusions : in the computation of nonlinear magnetic fields, if iteration method is used, under - relaxation is necessary when amending the permeability distribution in soft magnetic materials ; and when < wp = 5 > calculating the equivalent current density in permanent magnets, under - relaxation is not a necessity ; when searching for permeability values by interpolation method on the demagnetization curve of soft magnetic materials, if a fixed saturation point is set, around this point an abrupt change of permeability values will be obtained ; this sudden change may cause a little problem in the smoothness of magnetic field distribution ; because the magnetic circuits of microwave tubes are too complicated, in the author ' s view, to describe the working state of a magnet system, the working points of magnets can not do it properly but average energy production of magnets will serve ; as to indicate the quality of a magnet system design for microwave tubes, the efficiency of magnetic energy utilization will be a very good criterion

    由此得出結論，在非線性磁場計算中：採用迭代法的情況下，在各迭代循環之間進行磁導率修正時，一個欠鬆弛迭代過程是必需的；對永磁體中的等效電流修正時可以不作欠鬆弛迭代；在純鐵的磁化曲線上指定某一個固定的磁感應強度為磁飽和值，會使得插值求出的磁導率在該磁飽和值附近有一突變，這一突變對計算結果中磁場分佈變化的光滑性稍有影響。在微波管磁系統設計中，由於微波管磁路比較復雜，作者認為磁體的工作點並不能很好地反映磁體的工作狀態，而採用平均磁能積為衡量磁體工作狀態的標準更加符合微波管磁系統的實際情況；要表示磁系統設計好壞的程度，則用磁能利用的效率為標準更好。
  10. According to the request of this subject, we have developed the system hardware and software for the slave device and the inspection software running on the pc. in this paper all of the followings is illustrated detailedly, such as the research on the principles of measurement and its realization, three means of water - level measurement that are separately based on photo electricity coder, pressure sensor and potentiometer ; selection of the microchip, we choose an advanced integrated soc ( system on chip ) microchip c8051f021 as the main controller ; realization of signal sampling, processing and its conversion in the mcu ; application of high precision 16 bits adc cmos chip - - ad7705 in our system, designing its interface with the microchip and relevant program ; using a trickle charge timekeeping chip ds1302 in the system which can provide time norm and designing of its i / o interface and program ; additionally, a 4 ~ 20ma current output channel to provide system check - up using ad421. in the system, ad421, ad7705 and the microchip compose spi bus ; to communicate with the master pc, here we use two ways which are separately rs232 and rs485 ; moreover, there are alarm unit, keyboard unit, power supply inspection unit and voltage norm providing unit in the system

    針對研製任務的要求，課題期間研製了下位機系統硬體和軟體，開發了上位機監控軟體，其中所作的具體工作包括：測量原理的研究和在系統中的實現，在本次設計中用三種方法來進行水位測量，分別是旋轉編碼器法、液位壓力傳感器法和可變電阻器法；主控晶元的選擇，我們選用了高集成度的混合信號系統級晶元c8051f021 ；實現了信號的採集和處理，包括信號的轉換和在單片機內的運算；高集成度16位模數轉換晶元ad7705在系統中的應用，我們完成了它與單片機的介面設計及程序編制任務；精確時鐘晶元ds1302在系統中的應用，在此，我們實現了用單片機的i o口與ds1302的連接和在軟體中對時序的模擬，該晶元的應用給整臺儀器提供了時間基準，方便了儀器的使用；另外，針對研製任務的要求，還給系統加上了一路4 20ma模擬信號電流環的輸出電路來提供系統監測，該部分的實現是通過採用ad421晶元來完成的，本設計中完成了ad421與單片機的spi介面任務，協調了它與ad7705晶元和單片機共同構成的spi總線系統的關系，並完成了程序設計；與上位機的通信介面設計，該部分通過兩種方法實現： rs232通信方式和rs485通信方式；系統設計方面還包括報警電路設計、操作鍵盤設計、電源監控電路設計、電壓基準電路的設計。
  11. This article describes the plc ’ s using enviroment and the users ’ needs in details, and then tells the differences between the dplc and the troditional plc. it also describes how to decimation and compress the tele - voice, how to deal with the data tunnels, and the multiplex data through the the line which ’ s bandwidth is changeable between 10. 8bps and 28. 8kbps this project uses the programmable vopp chips, the cpld for bus controlling, the fpga and the mcu with high processing ability. all of these ensure the high ability to process the signals and the operations

    本文詳細介紹了高壓電力線載波機的使用環境和用戶需求，全數字電力載波機和傳統模擬載波的的差異;按電力調度的需求設計完整的兩路語音、兩路數據的電力線載波通訊機。詳細描述電話語音的采樣，壓縮;數據通道的處理;及在10 . 8kbps 28 . 8kbps可變線路速率通道上的數據復接處理。從實現方法上看，該項目採用專用可編程vopp語音處理晶元， cpld晶元做為總線控制，大規模fpga集成電路，高處理能力的mcu 。
  12. The existing tung chung road is the only vehicular access connecting north and south lantau. it is a single - lane carriageway constructed over a hilly terrain with passing bays for two - way traffic and with sharp bends and steep gradients

    該道路是一條依山而建的單線行車道，設有避車處供雙程交通使用，並有急彎及陡峭坡度。
  13. Because the different stiffness match of front and rear suspension is very influencing to the ride comfort, optimal model of ride comfort is developed, regarding the rms of driver ’ s acceleration as the objection, regarding the stiffness of front and back suspension as optimal variable, regarding quiet flexibility 、 dynamic flexibility 、 frequency and dynamic load as nonlinear constraints. by matlab program and using sqp, the optimal match of front and back suspension ’ s stiffness is achieved, this optimal model consider not only request of quiet 、 dynamic flexibility 、 frequency and damp, but also security of run and peace of road, it is closer to the fact than other models which only consider partial restriction

    由於前後懸架垂直剛度的不同匹配對汽車行駛平順性影響較大，論文建立以駕駛員垂直加速度的均方根值作為汽車行駛平順性優化目標值、以前後懸架垂直剛度作為優化變量的優化設計模型，並輔以靜撓度、動撓度、頻率、動載荷等非線性約束，使用序列二次規劃法，利用matlab編制優化程序，求得前後懸架垂直剛度的最優匹配值;此優化模型不僅包含動靜撓度及頻率和阻尼的限制，還考慮到汽車的行駛安全性和道路友好性，比文獻報道的只考慮部分約束的優化模型更切合實際情況。
  14. Application software is independent of operation system ’ s priority by using corba priority. multi - tasks ’ synchronous transaction and high priority task ’ s preference transaction are realized through threadpool mechanism. therefore, through iiop which is based on giop, application software can easily communicate with each other on heterogeneity network

    通過corba的優先級機制，使應用程序不用考慮不同平臺的優先級差異;通過服務端的線程池機制實現了多任務的並發處理和高優先級任務的搶先調度;基於giop協議實現iiop通信協議，使得應用程序在異種網路上的通信變得容易。
  15. The research and developing of gps / gsm vehicles watch and control system based on analyzing gps positioning technology is discussed in this article. this system is a public security prevention and far distance watching control telecommunication management which has adopt the advanced system in the world including gps / gsm, gis and internet. through this system, all the movable objectives covered by gsm net can be kept being watched and controlled from far distance. the gps data of the movable objectives and different kinds of alarm data will be sent back to the service center through gsm or cable. then the center may send the information of movable objectives " gps data and help alarms that have been already classified and identified to the different departments to deal with linking the consumers through ddn, isdn, pstnand adsl. the advantages of this system is that it adopts mature gps technology and combines the movable telecommunication net - gsm provided by china telecommunicate trades throughout the nation and it can get voice information everywhere. by utilizing internet, vbandsql server computer technology, watch and control center and far distance terminals can aim at how to increase vehicles operating efficiency, decrease wear, promote service quality and build a concentrated system of watch and control, deploy and cammand, scientific management, coordinate and process, and safety in the professions relevant with transfortation of the city

    移動目標的gps數據及各類報警數據通過gsm網路及電信有線網路傳回監控服務中心。該中心可通過ddn 、 isdn 、 pstn或adsl等方式與用戶相聯，將移動目標的gps定位信息，求救信息，報警等信息進行分類確認后，實時傳送到相應的職能部門進行處理。本系統的優點在於利用了成熟的gps全球衛星定位技術，並結合了我國電信行業在全國所開通的gsm移動通訊網路，在話音上實現了全國漫遊等特點，在監控中心和遠程用戶終端利用網際網路技術、 vb數據庫管理系統、 sqlserver分散式數據庫管理系統等計算機技術，可針對城市中與交通有關的各行各業如何提高車輛使用效率，降低損耗，提高服務質量，建立集監控、調度指揮、科學管理、協調運營、安全防範為一體的指揮控制體系，發揮其不可替代的作用。
  16. The alloy steel rail, which is used widely in the railway engineering in our country, has poor weldability although it has high intensity and excellent wearing capacity, and the means of quality control in rail welding equipment is still not perfect, which leads to the hidden safety trouble in railway

    目前，我國鐵路軌道工程中應用的多種合金鋼軌，強度高，耐磨性好，但可焊性較差，而現有焊軌裝備質量監控手段尚不完善，使線路存在安全隱患。
  17. The nodes of control stage are complemented by plc, except the node of control center by pc. nodes are connected to can bus through the adapter of intelligent network, resulting in timely, exact and reliable transfer of multifold main architecture network data

    該系統分為控制級和設備級兩層，控制級節點中，除調度中心節點使用pc機外，其餘節點都由可編程序控制器（ plc ）完成。節點通過智能網路適配器連接到can總線上，從而實現了多主結構網路數據的及時、準確、可靠傳遞。
  18. Experiment shows, as the optimization of this paper, the speech and security of the elliptic curve cryptosystem is improved in a certain extent, this makes it can adapt to resource limited enviorment such as vpn 、 wireless net and smat cards more

    實驗證明，本文的優化工作，使橢圓曲線密碼系統的運行效率和安全性能在一定程度上得到了提高，從而使它更適用於vpn 、無線網路、智能卡等資源受限的應用環境。
  19. The module will itself react if a dangerous situation should occur, which including under - voltage, over - voltage, over - current and short - circuit. it can block the operation of the battery and stop work, even completely shut down the working circuit to protect the battery. in the module we design the liquid crystal display to show the characters and the running state of the battery

    電池運行狀態監控模塊關注于電池的電壓、電流和溫度的採集以及soc等參數的計算方法;利用總線方式使電池能夠與智能充電器和主機通訊;模塊內部設計了電池保護電路，當電池在使用過程中出現過壓、欠壓、過流和短路時，對電池進行控制使其停止工作甚至切斷工作迴路達到對電池的保護作用;為了更直觀的了解電池當前的運行狀態，還為模塊設計了液晶顯示屏來實時顯示電池當前的運行狀態。
  20. In order to improve reliability and simplify the hardware design, many new i2c bus elements were used to realize binary input, logic output, clock functions and storing settings and reports. by simulating i2c bus data transfer, the mcu realized writing and reading data from each element the whole hardware system ' s structure is compact and reasonable, and the device has high reliability, stability and immunity to disturbance

    從提高可靠性和簡化電路的角度出發，設計硬體電路板時使用了許多新型i ~ 2c串列介面器件， mcu用普通i / o口模擬i ~ 2c總線介面，由軟體模擬i ~ 2c總線數據傳輸過程，實現了開入開出、定值存儲、報告存儲和時鐘對時等功能。
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