置換成本 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhìhuànchéngběn]
置換成本 英文
displacement costs
  • 置 : 動詞1. （擱; 放） place; put; lay 2. （設立; 布置） set up; establish; arrange; fix up 3. （購置） buy; purchase
  • 換 : 動詞1. （給人東西同時從他那裡取得別的東西） exchange; barter; trade 2. （變換; 更換） change 3. （兌換） exchange; cash
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 置換 : displace; substitute; supersede; substitution; replacement; permutation; transposition; transposi...
  1. The coronal approach provides wide exposure of surgical field when approaching the bilateral joints and developing the temporalis fascial flap for disc replacement. a case of ankylosing spondylitis with multiple joints ankylosis utilizing coronal approach in replacement of bilateral tmj was reported

    本文報告一僵直性脊椎炎造成全身多處關節黏連，包括兩側顳顎關節黏連的病例，應用冠狀切開術施行兩人工顎關節置換術，獲致令人滿意的結果。
  2. In the paper, the connectivity and diameters of sell - complementary 2 - multigraphs and sell - complementary digraphs are discussed, and if these graphs get disrupted the relations for the number ob edges and vertices between the two connected components are also studied in self - complementary permutation

    摘要本文討論了2 -重自補圖和有向自補圖的連通性以及2 -重自補圖的直徑，同時以自補置換作為工具研究了當2 -重自補圖或有向自補圖被分成兩個連通分支后，這兩個連通分支之間的邊數與頂點數之間的關系。
  3. In this paper, a workflow model simulation environment based on object petri net is constructed. under this environment, a workflow model can be parsed and transformed to an opn - based simulation model, then the simulation parameters should be set and the simulation model can be put to use

    本文構建了一個基於面向對象petri網的工作流模型模擬環境，將建模工具生成的工作流模型解析出來后，再轉換成面向對象petri網形式的模擬模型，然後設置模擬參數，將該模型投入模擬運行。
  4. Here a low cost optimal position system with speed - loop open and position - loop closed based on fuzzy control is presented, it employs fuzzy controller to verdict rotor velocity approximately and a fuzzy switching curve is substituted for real one to achieve bang - bang switch, no limit - loop or oscillation occurs. at the end of this chapter, a dc break curve is discussed

    為了實現經濟實用的點對點快速定位系統，實際系統採用速度開環、位置閉環結構，速度量從模糊控制器得到，既不實測也不軟體估計，用模糊開關線代替真實開關線進行控制量狀態切換，無極限環或振蕩現象，而成本則大大降低。
  5. Bluetooth technology, a new wireless technology in ism band, can freely transmit. data and voice in short distance. the application to intelligent home is one of the most important applications of bluetooth, and it drives bluetooth ' s development

    藍牙技術，作為一種在2 . 4ghz無線基礎上新發展起來的電纜置換技術，由於其全球統一的標準性、數據和語音傳輸方面的優越性、自動組網能力、低功耗、低成本和高安全性等特點，已經得到人們的廣泛認同。
  6. It makes a leveling of all primary particles into different energy zones depending on knowledge energy property of each individual particle. motions of primary particles include energy exchanging with knowledge energy field around them and leaps between different energy zones

    在主模型中， 「知識能量」成為各層次基本粒子單元的主要屬性，不同能量等級的粒子處于相應的「軌道能級」上，其運動方式包括與知識場的能量置換和向高能級軌道的「躍遷」 。
  7. Methanol fuel cell is a new type of energy conversion equipment based on proton exchange membrane fuel cell. it has been received widespread attention because it directly use methanol as fuel in fuel cell. at the same time, it has wide application in the future

    甲醇燃料電池是在質子交換膜燃料電池的基礎上發展起來的一種新型能量轉換裝置，由於直接將甲醇作為燃料電池的燃料，因而受到廣泛的關注，具有廣闊的應用前景，但是目前甲醇燃料電池的催化劑低的活性以及成本較高等問題限制了甲醇燃料電池的應用。
  8. This option is called the database partitioning feature in version 8 and is offered as a separate feature whose cost is added to the per processor cost of your db2 ese server this option does not require any sort of installation, just the addition of a license key ; in other words, the dpf feature is built into db2 ese v8 and needs to be licensed for use

    該選項就是所謂的database partitioning feature （ dpf ） ，它被作為獨立的產品提供，並被添加到db2 ese服務器上每個處理器的成本當中（這個選項不需要任何類型的安裝，它只是授權碼（ license key ）的附屬物。換句話說， dpf特性被內置在db2 ese v8中，需要得到許可才能使用）
  9. After studying the contents with " sx - 10 law " concerning the oil and gas ( o & g ) cost of the international oil company, the article has systematically analyzed and compared the sinopec and foreign oil company ' s o & g cost ' s differences, such as its classifications structures, and cost accounting etc. by analyzing the international oil company ' s common o & g cost ' s movement tendency and rule which has been outlined and showing in the recent 10 years, that is between 1991 and 2000, the article has compared and studied the differences in o & g costs between the sinopec and foreign oil company, furthermore, it has taken impersonally part the real and internal reasons in details which has resulted in the differences at home and abroad. for instance, it has concluded the reasons that contribute to the long - lasting higher production cost of the sinopec upstream in three aspects : firstly, it is due to the difference in its resource stratagem, that is, the foreign oil company can realize their o & g resource optimization by the way of resource electing and o & g assets replacement in the world market ; secondly, since most of the sinopec key oilfields have been in the middle or last development period which characterizing the " three high " ( high water containing, high yield and high lifting rate ), it has been an impersonal rule with a higher level of production cost ; finally, another factor resulting in the higher production cost lies in the execrable operating and social environment which has been facing by the domestic oil company and a great amount of non - producing payout which owes to the bad environment

    本論文從美國證監會（ sec ）對國外石油公司油氣成本的《 sx4 - 10條例》的內容研究出發，系統地分析和比較了中外石油公司在油氣成本的分類、構成以及核算等方面的差異，並結合近十年來（ 1991 - 2000 ）國外石油公司油氣成本的變化趨勢和變化規律，對中外油氣成本結構和變化呈現出的差異進行了比較和研究，並就導致該差異產生的深層次原因進行了客觀翔實的剖析，文章特別指出，造成中石化上游油氣生產成本居高不下的原因有三個方面： （ 1 ）資源戰略方面，國外石油公司可以通過資源優選和資產置換來實現油氣資源的最優化選擇： （ 2 ）從開發程度上，中石化上游普遍進入以「三高」為特徵的開發階段，生產成本高是客觀規律： （ 3 ）企業面臨的惡劣經營和社會環境以及由此產生的大量非生產支出，也是構成企業生產成本較高的原因之一。
  10. What we do at this aspect are : firstly, we describe the permutation symmetry of the structure of some special networks and the corresponding attractor sets with some geometric graphs in euclidean space, which are called attractors graph and geometrized structure graph of the networks respectively ; the geometrizing conditions are also given ; we study the dynamical behavior of the networks using the geometrized structure graph and attractors graph of the network ; moreover, we propose an approach to construct a big - size network with some small - size network with symmetry by the method of direct - sum, direct - produce and semidirect - produce. we also study the dynamical properties " relation between the big - size network and the small - size networks. all those results will provide some theoretical basis for designing a special large - scale network

    本文在這方面所做的工作如下：首次將一些特殊網路的結構和吸引子集的置換對稱性用三維歐氏空間中的一些幾何圖來表示，分別稱之為幾何結構圖和吸引子圖；給出了網路對稱性的幾何化條州即相應的對稱性群為可遷群） ：並惜助網路的幾何結構圖和吸弓吁圖分析網路的動力學性質；此外，我們提出了用簡單的具有一定對稱性的小網路按照群的直和、半直積和直積的方式組合成較大的網路的方法，探討了這些小網路和所組成的大網路的一些動力學性質的關系，如穩定態的個數、各穩定態的回憶性質等，為較大網路的設計提供一些理論依據。
  11. In order to decrease the cost, simplify the structure of the pmsm servo system and at the same has no effect on the system performance, this paper uses hall element as the position sensor, which has very low solution but very low cost, and in order to realize sinusoidal current drive of pmsm, this paper presents a new rotor position estimator based on flux estimation

    為了降低成本，簡化系統，本文採用低解析度的霍爾元件作為pmsm伺服系統的位置傳感器，採用基於磁鏈觀測法的低解析度位置傳感器控制技術，來估計電機轉子的實時位置和轉速，實現電流的正弦換向，減小轉矩脈動。
  12. ( 3 ) study deeply the structure of fat 16 file system and the characteristic of flash disk, and develop the file management software of flash disk to manage nc files effectively according to the management idea of fat 16 file system. ( 4 ) research the module and protocol of reliable communication in serial network, which are composed of arm main control board, dsp motion control board, keyboard board, i / o control board and encoder signal collection board, and then develop communication software of the serial network. ( 5 ) study the principle of displaying char in lcd and the method of embedding font library into operating system, and research deeply the method of embedding chinese font library into os in the light of the characteristic of chinese

    本論文的主要研究內容如下： （ 1 ）研究uc os -實時嵌入式操作系統在硬體平臺上的移植及其佔先式內核的任務調度原理，合理分割銑床控制系統的管理任務，根據任務的要求賦予不同的優先級和調度時間，保證任務的執行效率和實時性； （ 2 ）開發底層設備驅動程序和應用程序介面（ api ）函數，以便於進行系統應用軟體的開發； （ 3 ）深入研究fat16文件系統的結構和固態盤的硬體特性，參照fat16文件系統的管理思路，開發固態盤文件管理軟體以有效管理nc代碼文件； （ 4 ）深入研究由arm主控板、鍵盤板、 i o控制板、編碼器信號採集板等裝置組成的串口通訊網路可靠通信的模型及其通訊協議，開發串口通訊網路通信軟體； （ 5 ）研究字元的顯示原理和在操作系統中嵌入字庫的方法，在此基礎上結合漢字的特性深入研究中文字庫的嵌入方法，開發中文字庫嵌入軟體，滿足開發操作界面的信息要求； （ 6 ）深入研究三維圖形坐標變換的原理，開發實用的三維加工軌跡顯示軟體，便於操作者對零件的加工過程進行監控和診斷。
  13. 5. payment cash, assets exchange, assumption of debt, creditor payment and hybrid payment are the five feasible means of payment in backdoor listings

    五、價款支付方式國內買殼上市的價款支付方式主要有現金支付、資產置換支付、債權支付、混合支付、承擔債務的零成本收購等5種方式。
  14. On the basis of the related results abroad as well as our local condition, we have developed and given in details a method and its procedures of displacement ventilation system design in commercial and high - rise buildings, which are suitable for our country. it can be served as the refe

    本文在國外已有成果的基礎上，結合本地實際，研究提出了適用於我國舒適性置換通風的設計方法和步驟，適用於辦公類商用建築和高大建築中的應用設計，可供有關人員設計時參考。
  15. The working principle, operation cost, advantages and the application of the miex - doc magnetic ion exchange water treatment system are described in detail with its key technology herein

    摘要通過詳細闡述miex - doc離子置換水處理系統的工作原理、運行成本、先進性及應用情況，對「麥克氏」離子置換水處理技術進行了全面介紹。
  16. ( 3 ) the thickness change of the sample that is needed testing is converted into color change of test line in the colloidal - gold strip by gica. and then the sensing device of photoelectricity based on ccd is designed to convert the change of color into the change of the electric signal

    （ 3 ）通過金免疫層析法將被測樣本的濃度變化轉化為金標試條測試線的顏色變化，在此基礎上進行基於ccd的光電傳感裝置設計，進一步將測試線的顏色變化轉換成電信號的變化。
  17. The purpose of this thesis mainly aim to establish a series of designing theory of the biomass energy prediction, the theory of the pyrolysis kinetics of biomass and the rotation - cone mid - temperature flash pyrolysis fluidization device which is adapt to the peculiarity of chinese agricultural and forestry biomass, so we can proficiently and economically convert lots of wasted agricultural and forestry biomass to substitution of petroleum which is bio - oil, and provide the new technique, new theories and new method

    本論文的目的旨在試圖建立一套適用於中國農林生物質特點的生物質能量預測、生物質熱解動力學理論及轉錐式生物質中溫閃速熱解液化裝置設計理論，以期為我國高效益地利用被巨量浪費的農林廢棄生物質，並將其經濟、快速方便地轉換成石油替代品? ?生物燃油產品，提供新技術、新理論和新方法。
  18. E - government construction especially stresses standardization and interchange. the electronic document interchange becomes the most important medium in the contact and communication among governmental offices due to its important role in the governmental office. in the early stage of edi, the expensive special network must be adopted and the specific hardware and software must be purchased while considering the data security and its transmission

    早期的電子資料交換作業在考慮到資料的安全性與傳送速度因素下，需採用成本高昂的專用網路，並購置特殊的軟硬體設備，才能構建一個完整的電子資料交換系統，這樣的電子資料交換機制實現和使用成本非常昂貴，而且用來進行交換的資料格式相當復雜不具彈性。
  19. Advanced fpga technology is introduced to improve the integration of digital circuits, and all digital circuits in the original module are integrated in the fpga chips, which could not only reduce the cost, but also improve the reliability and measurement precision of the circuits. high speed digital signal processor ( dsp ) is selected as the coprocessor instead of scm ; it can receive all kinds of commands sent from vxi, analyze and execute the commands, harmonize each section of the module and process the data. higher - conversion - speed comparator chip is adopted to convert the input signals being measured into square waveform signals which could be identified by fpga chip ; it can expand the measurement range of frequency dramatically

    本文在原有vxi總線四通道計數器模塊的設計基礎上，通過對原模塊缺陷的分析，採用一些新的技術和新的電子器件來重新設計該計數器模塊:採用最新的fpga技術來提高數字電路的集成度，將原模塊中的所有數字電路全部集成在fpga晶元中，這樣不僅能節約成本，還能提高電路的可靠性和測量精度;採用高速的數字信號處理器（ dsp ）取代原有的單片機作為協處理器，來接收vxi發來的各種命令，分析命令、執行命令、協調模塊各部分的工作以及對數據的處理;採用轉換速率更高的比較器晶元將輸入的被測信號轉換為fpga晶元能夠識別的方波信號，能極大提高測量頻率的范圍;採用d / a轉換晶元和隔離運算放大器得到隔離通道所需的比較電平，該比較電平值能夠根據實際需求進行設置，能增強模塊的使用靈活性。
  20. Magnetic sensors are an important branch that can be used to detect the non - electronically characteristics through the magnetic field. the insb intellectualized magnetic coder sensor in this paper is designed for the measurement of the position of object and the angular velocity of object. through the sensor, the information of the position and the angular velocity are changed to electric pulse which can provides to other second instruments

    通過磁場的無接觸特性，對非電量的測量是磁傳感器應用的一個重要方面，本文所研究的智能化磁編碼器是對于轉動物體的位置、角速度進行高精度測量的一類傳感器，它可以把轉動物體的位置和角速度信息轉換成電脈沖信號，供二次儀表使用。
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