群體交配 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [qúntǐjiāopèi]
群體交配
英文
mass mating-
Crossbreeding of chlamys farreri were performed using the parent scallops from the korea wild population ( k ), china cultured stock ( c ) and the survived individuals in epedimic waters in culture area of china ( cs ). four crosses, k k, k c, k cs and c c, were constructed. the index of growth performance of their progenies such as the length and width of the shell and the individual weight were measured for heterosis study
用來自韓國野生的櫛孔扇貝和中國養殖的櫛孔扇貝以及發病區存活的個體作為親本，構建韓國野生韓國野生、韓國野生中國養殖、韓國野生中國養殖發病區存活個體以及中國養殖中國養殖共四個交配組合，通過對f1代個體殼寬、殼高和體重的測量比較不同群體的生長情況。Three individuals, c9904, xfi9915 and xf ] 9933, were found with more genetic diversity in current study, so it will be better to offer more copulation chance to these individuals in captive breed plan
在飼養種群的人工選擇交配中應增加c9904 ， xf _ 19915和xf _ 19933個體與其他鱷進行交配的機會。Individuals crossing exclusively within the same population produce more progeny than those crossing in both directions and thereby use up some of their gametes for the production of inviable hybrids.
完全在同一種群內進行雜交的個體比以兩個方向進行雜交的個體繁殖後代要多，因此為了產生無生機的雜種，就要消耗掉一些配子。Sinense y. x. lin is a mixed mating system and the intergametophzyme outcrossing among perhaps plays a main role
這說明荷葉鐵線蕨種群可能是以配子體間異交為主的混合交配體系。Random mating population
隨機交配群體4. using recombinant inbred line ( rjl ) of rice derived from ( zhenshang 97bx minghui 63 ), permanent f2 population was constructed by random mating among ril lines
利用源於（珍汕97b明恢63 ）的水稻重組近交系（ ril ） ，進行系間隨機交配，獲得永久f _ 2群體。The space distribution of pigment gland density on eleven places was analyzed by allotetraploid of ( g. arboreum g. bickii ) and varieties with pigment gland of g. hirsutum g. barbadense and the progeny population which is crossed by allotetraploid of ( g. arboreum g. bickii ) g. hirsutum and ( g. arboreum g. bickii ) g. barbadense
摘要利用（亞洲棉比克氏棉）異源四倍體和陸地棉、海島棉有色素腺體品種以及由（亞洲棉比克氏棉）異源四倍體為母本，以陸地棉和海島棉有色素腺體品種為父本，組配成的雜交後代群體，對植株上十一個部位色素腺體密度在群體內的分佈進行了初步分析。Abstract : physical activity has been defined as " any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure ". it is strongly endorsed as a means of staying healthy and an important avenue for social contact. although in australia, some studies have been conducted into the levels of physical activity in some ethnic communities, there has been a tendency to adopt a homogeneous view of culturally and linguistically diverse ( cald ) people rather than an ethno - specific perspective that recognises differing cultural beliefs and practices between and across language groups. this paper reports on a study that aimed to explore the concepts of, and attitudes towards, physical activity among older hong kong chinese australians resident in nsw. this study involved individual in - depth interviews and the use of open - ended questions. a total of 22 informants was recruited for the study. the findings revealed that most informants did not have a clear idea about what was meant by the term physical activity. " physical activity " tended to be a confusing and complicated term to this group. in addition, attitudes towards physical activity among this group reflect their cultural and health beliefs in preventive health care. to increase the physical activity level among older hong kong chinese australians, culturally - specific health promotion strategies might be needed to tackle the misconception about and specific attitudes towards physical activity, as well as to match the holistic chinese oncept of health maintenance
文摘:身體活動指"由骨骼肌產生的體能消耗運動" ，是保持身體健康、增進社會交往的重要方式和途徑.在澳大利亞，雖然有研究調查民族群體身體活動的各個層面，但總體而言，多數研究更側重於民族群體的同質性，而忽視了其異質性.本研究探討在新南威爾士州居住的澳籍香港老年華人對身體活動的概念理解及對身體活動的態度.研究使用開放性問卷進行個體深度訪談，受訪者22人.研究發現，大多數受訪者不清楚"身體活動"這一術語的含義，對他們來說， "身體活動"是一個模糊的、復雜的術語.該群體對身體活動的態度反映了他們在預防性衛生保健方面的文化和健康觀念.顯然，提升澳籍香港老年華人的身體活動水平，需要一種基於文化特殊性的健康促進策略以解決對身體活動的誤解，同時也需要具體的身體活動態度與華人整體性保健觀念相匹配Physical activity has been defined as " any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure ". it is strongly endorsed as a means of staying healthy and an important avenue for social contact. although in australia, some studies have been conducted into the levels of physical activity in some ethnic communities, there has been a tendency to adopt a homogeneous view of culturally and linguistically diverse ( cald ) people rather than an ethno - specific perspective that recognises differing cultural beliefs and practices between and across language groups. this paper reports on a study that aimed to explore the concepts of, and attitudes towards, physical activity among older hong kong chinese australians resident in nsw. this study involved individual in - depth interviews and the use of open - ended questions. a total of 22 informants was recruited for the study. the findings revealed that most informants did not have a clear idea about what was meant by the term physical activity. " physical activity " tended to be a confusing and complicated term to this group. in addition, attitudes towards physical activity among this group reflect their cultural and health beliefs in preventive health care. to increase the physical activity level among older hong kong chinese australians, culturally - specific health promotion strategies might be needed to tackle the misconception about and specific attitudes towards physical activity, as well as to match the holistic chinese oncept of health maintenance
身體活動指"由骨骼肌產生的體能消耗運動" ，是保持身體健康、增進社會交往的重要方式和途徑.在澳大利亞，雖然有研究調查民族群體身體活動的各個層面，但總體而言，多數研究更側重於民族群體的同質性，而忽視了其異質性.本研究探討在新南威爾士州居住的澳籍香港老年華人對身體活動的概念理解及對身體活動的態度.研究使用開放性問卷進行個體深度訪談，受訪者22人.研究發現，大多數受訪者不清楚"身體活動"這一術語的含義，對他們來說， "身體活動"是一個模糊的、復雜的術語.該群體對身體活動的態度反映了他們在預防性衛生保健方面的文化和健康觀念.顯然，提升澳籍香港老年華人的身體活動水平，需要一種基於文化特殊性的健康促進策略以解決對身體活動的誤解，同時也需要具體的身體活動態度與華人整體性保健觀念相匹配Twenty f1 combinations crossed among 5 varieties and strains different in fiber properties according to complete diallel crossing design were used to evaluate the heterosis and gene action of boll weight and lint percentage in high quality fiber property varieties in upland cotton in 1998 1999 for two year successively at nanjing. it was indicated that there existed small interactions with the environmental factors without maternal effects and the additive gene effect was in chief, attaining to 51. 2 % and 65. 4 % respectively for boll weight and lint percentage. the dominant effect was also in higher rate, 32. 6 % and 16. 8 % respectively. the population mean heterosis of boll weight and lint percentage over the mid - parental mean were relatively prominent 13. 3 % and 3. 5 % respectively in extreme significance. however, boll weight showed no significantly surpassing parental f1 heterosis over the better parent based on population mean ( 2. 0 % ) ; while the lint percentage expressed significant negative heterosis value ( - 2. 1 % ). the gene actions were in conformity with the heterosis expression. it was shown clearly that the f1 combinations crossed between parents with similar performances had relatively high dominant effects and significant positive f1 surpassing parental heterosis ( f1 heterosis over the better parent ) ; while no f1 combination crossed between the parents with prominent mutual difference surpassed the higher parent in yield components, which indicated that among those parents with less difference and close relationships, there still existed sufficient genetic variation or certain mechanism for creating variation and achieving greater advances in breeding. correlation analyses also indicated that there still existed severely undesirable negative correlation between yield and fiber properties as well as the difficulties for their simultaneous improvements
利用5個具有不同纖維品質性狀的品種（系）配製完全雙列雜交組合20個，通過親本和f1的2年隨機區組試驗發現產量性狀的鈴重和衣分與環境的互作效應小，不存在母體效應，並以加性遺傳效應為主，分別占表型方差的51 . 2 %和65 . 4 % ;顯性遺傳效應所佔的比率也較高，分別為32 . 6 %和16 . 8 % .鈴重和衣分的群體平均優勢較大，分別為13 . 3 %和3 . 5 % ，達到了極顯著;鈴重的超親優勢為2 . 0 % ，不顯著;衣分為顯著的負值（ - 2 . 1 % ） .遺傳分析與雜種優勢結果一致.具體表現在產量性狀上，親本相當配製的組合雜合顯性較高，其超親優勢正向顯著，而極值親本（差異較大）所配組合沒有超過高親的.這表明親本差異小、親源關系較近的親本中仍然存在足夠的遺傳變異或某種機制以創造變異使育種取得更大的進展.相關分析表明了仍然存在嚴重的品質與產量的負相關，遺傳改良的難度較大This paper introduces the entropy of the genepool and the genetype of a pair alleles population in inbreeding, and demonstrates the character of genetype entropy, the character of inter - zygote ' s inter - entropy, and the relation between the latter and coefficient of inbreeding in the generation change
摘要研究了在近親繁殖下一對等位基因群體的基因庫信息熵和基因型信息熵，並討論了在世代交替中基因型信息熵的性質、配子間的互信息性質及其與近交系數的關系，並定義了配子間的近交關聯信息系數。( 3 ) inbreeding population to the population that the inbreeding coefficient is f, the population information entropy is a increase function when reach equilibrium in random matting system, that is when fix the f, the population have the largest information entropy ; population information entropy large or equal to the gene distribution entropy, less or equal the two time of gene distribution entropy
（ 3 ）近親繁殖群體證明了近交系數為f的群體在隨機交配下達到平衡的群體信息熵是f的增函數，即f固定時，其值最大；群體信息熵大於等於基因庫信息熵，小於等於基因庫信息熵的兩倍。This paper deduces the associated probability distribution of a pair alleles population between a female genotypes and its descendant genotypes in inbreeding, defines the associated genotype entropy between a female parental genotypes and its descendant genotypes in inbreeding, demonstrates its character and interpretation of informatics in the generation change, and tests them by imitation of computer
摘要推導出在近親交配下一對等位基因群體母子間的基因型聯合概率分佈列；定義了在近親交配下母子間的基因型聯合信息熵；討論了在世代交替中母子間的基因型聯合信息熵的性質及其信息學解釋；並用計算機模擬驗證。For the reason of out - of - orderly traditional mode of production and mates, the community gene of white chest duck tends to be identical
由於在民間延續傳統的生產方式，無序交配，導致群體基因趨同，不能產生雜交優勢。Zeng y r, xu y l, weng z y, et al. mating systems in forest tree populations
曾燕如徐岳雷翁志遠等林木群體中的交配系統57 % between the chinese and north american populations, 55 % between the chinese and european populations, and 46 % between the european and north american populations
系統樹圖清楚地表明中國和北美群體的遺傳關系比較近，而歐洲和北美的關系最遠，這同遺傳交配實驗的結果完全一致。Thus the areas of the overlapping regions are compensated efficiently and the accuracy of measurement is highly improved. the volume of the bubbles can be estimated on the bubbles " area information, and a genetic algorithm ( ga ) based method is used to match and track bubbles in the image sequences, which solve tracking problem under complex conditions efficiently, such as some bubbles may have kinetic occlusion and crossover, some newly generated bubbles may entered into flow field and run away. a smooth kinetic locus is obtained by fitting the discrete centroids with a cubic spline function and at the same time the visual measurement is realized
根據氣泡在圖像平面中的面積估計氣泡的體積，並對流場中的所有氣泡採用遺傳演算法進行最佳的匹配跟蹤，有效地解決了氣泡群在流場中出現如遮擋、交又、新它『出現、逃逸等復雜情況下的準確跟蹤，並採用三次樣條插值方法對離散的質心點軌跡進行擬合，得到氣泡在流場中平滑的運動軌跡，從而實現了摻氣水流特性的可視化測童。By sun, bo ( major : marine biology ) directed by professor zhang, guofan and dr. liu, xiao population genetics of four argopecten irradians cultured populations was analyzed by using random amplification polymorphism dna ( rapd ) techniques. and partial dna sequences of the internal transcribed spacers ( its ) from four representative samples ( one sample represent for each population ) were amplified by pcr and sequenced in order to stress the phylogenetic relationships of the four populations. besides, by rapd technique, two argopecten irradians families were studied to examine whether the hybridization experiments were successful and which family was more suitable to be materials in future genetic linkage map construction
本文以海灣扇貝4個養殖群體為研究對象，採用隨機引物多態性dna （ rapd ）技術進行了群體遺傳學研究，並嘗試使用4個群體中代表個體的內轉錄間隔區（ its ）序列比對分析結果作為參考；另外，本文還運用rapd技術對人工異體交配的2個海灣扇貝家系的雜交成功率進行了分析，均獲得成功證實，並評估了兩個家系構建遺傳連鎖圖譜的潛力。This thesis first compares the difference between the physical retailing and the e - retailing, and then discusses the advantages in e - retailing, which expand the content of service in e - retailing products through the innovation of product, the innovation of management technology and the innovation of contracting environments. as the procedure of e - retailing, the thesis considers the e - retailing as the life - cycle of a product. based on this, the thesis gives the basic conditions and fundamental environments supporting the e - retailing, which includes the improved infrastructure and internet network, the enough number of consumers, the upgrading of ' management technology, the convenient logistic conditions and the popularity of internet payment tools
對網路零售的發展過程，本文理解為以社會經濟環境的變遷所決定的網路零售生命周期，依此為參照，通過與美國等發達國家網路零售環境的比較，探討網路零售進入成長期的臨界條件和環境，即社會經濟環境的發展和變遷帶來的交易成本的下降是網路零售得以實現的基礎，包括：基礎設施和通訊設施的完善、網路零售消費者群體的發展壯大、管理技術條件的進步和提升、良好的物流配送環境、網路支付手段和網路銀行的普及。The mafic rocks have high ( 87sr / 86sr ) j ( 0. 7046 - 0. 7077 ) and 207pb / 204pb ( 15. 47 - 15. 67 ), but relatively low in ( 143nd / 144nd ) i ( 0. 5125 - 0. 5127 ) and 206pb / 204pb ( 18. 26 - 18. 52 ). the negative correlation between 143nd / 144nd and 206pb / 204pb and the positive relationship between 87sr / 86sr - 206pb / 204pb suggest a mixing of a depleted mantle source and an em2 component in the study area. calculation reveals that the maopin - shaianjiao mafic rocks are formed by 5 - 15 % degree of partial melting of an lree - riched spinel iherzolite
模擬計算表明，該基性巖墻群是尖晶石二輝橄欖巖地幔5 - 15部分熔融的產物；微量元素配分模式及理論模擬表明茅坪?曬鞍角基性巖體的地幔源區在熔融前曾受到1俯沖沉積物熔體的源區混染和5流體交代作用。分享友人