背景概率 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [bēijǐnggàilǜ]
背景概率 英文
background probability
  • 背 : 背動詞1. （用脊背馱） carry on the back 2. （擔負） bear; shoulder
  • 景 : Ⅰ名詞1 （風景; 景物） view; scenery; scene 2 （情形; 情況） situation; condition 3 （戲劇、電影的...
  • 概 : Ⅰ名詞1 （大略） general outline 2 （神氣） manner of carrying and conducting oneself; deportment ...
  • 率 : 率名詞（比值） rate; ratio; proportion
  • 背景 : （布景; 襯托主體事物的景物; 對人物、事件起作用的歷史條件或現實環境） background; backdrop; setting
  • 概率 : [數學] probability; chance概率論 probability theory; theory of chances; 概率曲線 probability curv...
  1. Turbo codes represent the new code structures, which consist of pccc ( parallel serially convolutional code ) and sccc ( serially concatenated convolutional code ). in this paper, the background of turbo codes are firstly introduced, which includes the base principle of error correction code 、 block code and convolutional code ; the principle of turbo code and the iterative decoding is secondly expanded ; the key decoding algorithm : a revised map algorithm and iterative decoding theory are detailed ; then, a new turbo code structure : hccc ( hybrid concatenated convolutional code ) is presented, and the capacity of this code method is analyzed, the average capacity upper bound is derived ; at last, this code is simulated on awgn ( additive white gaussian noise ) channel and rayleigh fading channel

    本文首先介紹了turbo碼的背景知識，包括差錯控制的基本原理、分組碼和卷積碼；然後闡述了turbo碼的基本原理，包括turbo編譯碼器結構及迭代譯碼原理；較為詳細地描述了關鍵的譯碼演算法： ?種改進的最大后驗概率（ map ）譯碼演算法及迭代譯碼演算法；提出了一種新的turbo碼結構：混合turbo碼（混合級聯卷積碼） ；並用編碼性能聯合界分析方法對混合turbo碼進行了性能分析，得出了其平均性能上界；並在高斯白噪聲通道和瑞利衰落通道上分別作了一些應用研究及計算機模擬實驗。
  2. We attempted to advance the certainty method based on the background value of earthquake ground motion ' s parameters, combined the probability seismic risk analysis and certainty seismic risk analysis to study the characteristics of earthquake ground motion ' s parameters in jianghuai region which is medium - strong earthquakes ' transition region, and protracted the calculating background values of earthquake ground motion ' s parameters to plane equivalence value maps and solid equivalence value maps

    摘要嘗試性地提出了基於地震動參數背景值的確定性方法，將概率性地震危險性分析和確定性地震危險性分析相結合，對江淮地區這一中強震過渡區的地震動參數特徵進行了研究，並把地震動參數背景值的計算結果繪製成平面等值線圖和立體等高線圖。
  3. The author discusses the causes of international monetary crisis. then the author reviews the mundell ’ s theory of oca and its recent development, analyzing the counter - effect of international monetary cooperation. based on these theoretical works, the author summarizes the typical viewpoint about which is the better exchange - rate regime between the fixed exchange rates and the floating exchange - rate, analyzing the recent development of the choice of exchange rate regime, such as the theory of original sin and two poles approach

    第一章從國際貨幣合作和國際經濟政策協調等概念的界定入手，探討了國際貨幣體系悖論的制度背景和國際貨幣危機產生的原因，進而闡述了蒙代爾「最優貨幣區理論」及其最新發展，分析了國際貨幣合作中的逆效等問題，並在此基礎上，總結了傳統的固定匯率制度與浮動匯率制度孰優孰劣的觀點及當前國際匯率制度選擇理論的最新成果，例如原罪論、恐懼浮動論和兩極論等。
  4. According to the statistical meaning of system failure and the property of order statistics, failure probability models are developed for serial system, parallel system and k - out - of - n ( f ) redundant system without any assumption such as " independent system "

    文中以典型系統形式為背景，根據系統失效的統計學意義以及次序統計量的性質，應用次序統計量，建立具有普適性（不需要作獨立失效假設）的串聯、並聯及表決系統的失效概率模型。
  5. This project makes some researches with emphasis on the mv / lv distribution power supply situation under the present load condition. some results such as the calculation of line load rate, theoretical line consumption rate and electric voltage decrease are acquired by the mathematical analysis, and thus the power supply capability is evaluated comprehensively. the same has been done to the lv power network

    課題在系統搜集分析蘇州供電企業的背景資料，即企業概況、電力需求、輸電網、高壓配電網狀況基礎上，重點研究了當前負荷下的中低壓配電網供電情況，並通過數學分析得出線路的負載率的計算、理論線損率以及電壓降等各項運行指標，綜合評估得出其供電能力。
  6. At first it explains the concept of m & a and comments on the motives of m & a under the academic background of new classic theory, x - efficiency theory, agency theory and transaction cost economics

    文章首先對並購的概念進行界定，然後在對國外新古典綜合派、 x -效率理論、委託-代理理論以及交易費用經濟學背景下的企業並購動因進行了評述。
  7. An efficient implementation of this framework is presented, for segmenting two motions ( foreground and background ) using two frames. the expectation - maximization algorithm is used to determine the two motions and calculate the label probability for each edge. the best motion labeling for these regions is determined using simulated annealing

    針對前景和背景兩種運動分割的情況，本文給出了一種基於貝葉斯分割框架的有效實現，它使用最大期望（ em ）演算法來估算邊緣的標定概率，並通過模擬退火演算法來完成這些分割區域的最佳運動標定。
  8. A concept - based approach is expected to resolve the word sense ambiguities in information retrieval and apply the semantic importance of the concepts, instead of the term frequency, to representing the contents of a document. consequently, a formalized document framework is proposed. the document framework is used to express the meaning of a document with the concepts which are expressed by high semantic importance. the framework consists of two parts : the " domain " information and the " situation background " information of a document. a document - extracting algorithm and a two - stage smoothing method are also proposed. the quantification of the similarity between the query and the document framework depends on the smoothing method. the experiments on the trec6 collection demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach in information retrieval tasks. the average recall level precision of the model using the proposed approach is about 10 ? higher than that of traditional ones

    為了獲取詞語在文章中的語義權重，解決詞語的同義、多義模糊問題，提升信息檢索的效率，提出了一種基於概念的檢索模型，模型中設計了一種形式化的文本內容表示框架，框架由2部分構成:文章的"領域"以及"情景與背景"信息，並由概念（形式化語義）加以表示.同時，提出了提取該概念框架的方法，給出了用於框架與檢索要求間匹配的兩階段平滑演算法.實驗表明，在trec6提供的小規模語料集下，採用所提出方法的信息檢索模型與傳統模型相比，平均召回準確率提升了約10 ? ，效果顯著，充分說明了基於本文描述方法構建的、以概念作為處理中介的信息檢索系統的有效性和可行性
  9. The application of the neighbor markov random field has been analyzed in the dissertation. from the angle, the infrared fpa imaging target detection technology based on the adaptive background estimation is also proposed

    論文應用markov隨機場的局部約束特性，從紅外圖像背景概率場角度，提出了基於背景自適應估計的紅外焦平面圖像目標檢測技術。
  10. First, a new methodological framework is developed for investigating the optimal strategies of maintenance scheduling for generating units with risk well taken into account, based on the widely employed power pool mode and the uniform clearing price. two scenarios are examined in detail, i. e., for the two cases that the generation company studied is / is not a price taker in the electricity market operation. based on the electricity market clearing prices estimated, a new methodological framework is presented, mathematical models formulated and a solving method developed

    以國內外廣為採用的聯營體模式、統一市場清算價結算的現貨電力市場為背景，在假設市場電價可以預測並能夠描述為某種概率分佈的前提下，採用方差或標準差來描述和度量風險；建立了相應的優化模型，為發電公司在制定發電機組的檢修計劃時適當兼顧利潤損失的期望值最小和風險最小這兩個目標提供了新的解決途徑。
  11. An algorithm for detecting moving ir point target in complex background is proposed, which is based on the reverse phase feature of neighborhood ( rpfn ) of target in difference between neighbor frame images that two positions of the target in the difference image are near and the gray values of them are close to in absolute value but with inverse sign. firstly, pairs of points with rpfn are detected in the difference image between neighbor frame images, with which a virtual vector graph is made, and then the moving point target can be detected by the vectors ' sequence cumulated in vector graphs. in addition, a theorem for the convergence of detection of target contrail by this algorithm is given and proved so as to afford a solid guarantee for practical applications of the algorithm proposed in this paper. finally, some simulation results with 1000 frames from 10 typical images in complex background show that moving point targets with snr not lower than 1. 5 can be detected effectively

    基於運動點目標在鄰幀差分圖像中所具有的近鄰反相特徵，即運動點目標的兩個位置相鄰近、灰度值一正一負，提出一種在復雜背景下，基於紅外序列圖像的運動點目標檢測演算法.本演算法利用該特徵在鄰幀差分圖像中檢測反相點對，進而構造反相點對矢量圖，最後依據累積反相點對矢量圖中多矢量首位相接的連續性檢測出運動的點目標.文中給出並證明應用本演算法能以概率1檢測到運動點目標的收斂性定理.對典型復雜背景下10幅1000幀圖像的模擬結果表明，當信噪比大於或等於1 . 5時，可以有效檢測出運動點目標
  12. In part one, the general of reclamation of arable land for reforestation : basing on resulting lots of data, author referred to many measures taken by america and china in the reclamation of arable land for reforestation and took the comparison, which concluded the following : china does not take the ways that the developed countries firstly destroyed before protection ; carrying out the reclamation of arable land for reforestation step and step is the important step which improves the reasonlesss utilization of land ; because of the weak economic base in the reclamation of arable land for reforestation of china and the low rate of labor, we should enlarge the content of science and technology, improve per yield of the remaining cultivated land and solve the self - sufficiency of grain, meanwhile the government should strengthen the transfer of remaining labor, adjust the industrial construction and lead the construction of small cities and towns ; the implement of reclamation of arable land for reforestation does not leave the support of the government ; we should carry out the reclamation of arable land for reforestation according to law ; the reclamation of arable land for reforestation does not be seen the effort in the short time, we should insist in a long time. which can have the result

    本論文共分八個部分：第一部分退耕還林概況：筆者在查閱大量資料的基礎上，參閱美國與中國的退耕還林過程中所採取的各項措施並進行比較，得出了以下結論：中國不能重走發達國家先破壞后保護的道路；有計劃、有步驟地實施退耕還林是改善不合理土地利用現象的有力舉措；中國退耕還林經濟基礎較為薄弱，農業勞動生產率低，退耕還林后，必須加大科技含量，提高剩餘耕地的單產，解決糧食自給問題，同時，政府應加強剩餘勞動力轉移，產業結構調整及小城鎮建設的引導；退耕還林的實施仍離不開政府的扶持；依法退耕還林；退耕還林不是在短期內能見到效果的，長期堅持必有成效。該部分最後論述了目前國內退耕還林工程政策、管理方面的現狀及其存在哪些問題尚待改進或繼續深入研究，並需要進一步完善。第二部分退耕還林背景分析：針對我國目前生態環境建設中的退耕還林工程，就其產生的根源從社會經濟背景、生態環境背景及西部大開發三個角度進行了全面、系統的分析。
  13. With the conditions of constant false - alarm probability and low signal - to - noise ratio, the signal - to - noise ratio can be improved by reducing the effects of background interference and random noise

    在恆虛警概率條件下，該演算法可以在低信噪比的情況下，減小背景干擾和隨機噪聲的影響，提高信噪比。
  14. There are two ways to enhance the radar ' s detection performance : ( 1 ) for certain signal to noise ratio, choose a optimum detection threshold, whose false decisions producing minimum cost under the preset cost rules ; ( 2 ) basically reduce the false decision probability by increasing echo ' s snr

    雷達在噪聲背景中檢測信號是一個概率問題，提高雷達的檢測能力可歸結為如下兩個途徑： （ 1 ）在信噪比一定的情況下，選擇一最佳門限，使其在一定風險準則下錯誤判決產生的「代價」最小。 （ 2 ）提高回波信號的信噪比，從根本上減小錯誤判決的概率。
  15. The engendering source of traffic volumes and their general influential factors have been presented, and the situation of nowadays highway transportation has been discussed. according to the introduction of traffic distribution theory and classical assignment method, analysis of traffic flow path selection among cities and that of special influential factors for traffic flow on toll highways, initial analysis to the forming mechanism of traffic volume on road sections has been made, and a probability model for path selection has been set up with the maximum - utility theory and disaggregating model. detailed analysis to impedances on road sections and their functions ( especially to three main composing factors of the impedances as cost of time, transport and toll and to the functional relations with traffic loads ) was made, at the same time, the relative cost calculating model was set up on the basis of the state - of - art achievements in both international and national researches

    主要研究內容包括：交通量的產生根源及一般影響因素分析和當前公路運輸地位討論；從交通分配理論及經典配流方法著手，通過分析城市間交通流路徑選擇行為和收費公路路段交通量特殊影響因素，初步提出路段交通量的形成機理，並採用效用極大原理和非集結模型理論（ disaggregationmodel ） ，建立用戶出行路徑選擇概率模型；對路段阻抗及路阻函數（尤其對行程時間費用、車輛營運費用和道路收費這三個構成路段阻抗的主要因素及其與交通負荷間的函數關系）進行較為詳盡的分析，並以現階段國內外較為先進的研究成果為依據建立相應的成本測算模型，其中，特別提出了兩種確定客貨車輛時間價值的分析方法；離散分析法和時間-費率轉換法，後者是在目前基礎調查、統計數據資料不夠齊全的現實下提出的一種確定道路系統內務車型時間價值的較為實用的新方法；對我國公路收費政策的背景和理論、實踐依據及費率的各種影響因素進行重點分析；從數學的角度證明合理費率的存在性，並以最優化理論為基礎，建立在普通收費公路和擁擠路段交通調控型收費公路兩種模式下合理費率的計算模型等。
  16. Statistics and reliability theory are used as the basic theory in this paper to deal with the key and difficult questions in engineering risk analysis and risk decision area. some important structures in south - north water transfer project ( snwtp ) of middle route as the engineering examples are detailed studied in the paper. the main contents researched in this paper are as follows : 1

    本文以概率論及可靠度理論為基礎，以南水北調中線工程為背景，從工程角度針對當前工程風險分析及風險決策領域的熱點和難點進行了研究，主要工作內容如下： 1 、分析了南水北調中線工程中的風險因素，及可能採取的應對措施。
  17. In the first chapter, the thesis illustrates the foundation and significance of this thesis and simply summarizes their researchful history and actualities of bn and cbr. in the second chapter, the thesis firstly explains the notion of bn, afterwards studies the application of bn in data - mining ( dm ) in detail and also studies the learning of the probability parameter and the structuring framwork of bn in the condition of the full data and the lacked data

    第一章，說明了本文的研究背景和意義並且簡單總結了貝葉斯網和範例推理的研究歷史和現狀。第二章，首先給出了貝葉斯網路的概念，然後詳細研究了貝葉斯網用於數據挖掘。分別對數據完整和不完整情況下，概率參數的學習和貝葉斯網結構的建立作了研究。
  18. This article aims to find some practical methods to reform and optimize credit risk management structure of state - owned commercial banks. during my research process, i collected abundant relevant materials, combed the materials to abstract main clue, and also did powerful analysis with case demonstration, all of which will be reflected in the main body of this article. this article can be divided into three correlated parts : in the first one, it reviews the evolution history of the loan credit risk management of the four state - owned commercial banks, which rationally leads to the discussion of the loan credit risk management reform in the following part

    正文希望提供關于國有商業銀行貸款信用風險管理的較為全面的觀察視野，並致力於勾勒清晰的沿革路線和遵循嚴密的論證邏輯，為此，本文分為三部分進行論述:首先本文梳理概括我國國有商業銀行貸款信用風險管理的歷史沿革狀況，提供有關國有商業銀行貸款信用風險問題的基礎信息，簡要分析國有商業銀行龐大不良貸款和畸高不良貸款比率的歷史成因，探討了近幾年以來貸款信用風險管理改革舉措與成效，以清晰說明貸款信用風險管理改革的時代背景和歷史軌跡，為進一步論證奠立事實根基和案例基礎。
  19. In chapter l, we introduce the relative background on this paper and give some simple expressions of the work which have been studied. in chapter 2, in virtue of the notion of likelihood ratio the limit properties of the sequences of dependent nonnegative continuous random variables are studied, and a class of strong limit theorems represented by inequalities are obtained. the bounds given by these theorems depend on positive constant c. in chapter 3, by means of the notion of log likelihood ratio, a kind random strong deviation theorem are obtained, and the bounds given by these theorems depend on r ( )

    第一章，介紹本論文的選題背景，對已有的工作進行扼要的介紹；第二章，利用似然比的概念研究相依連續型非負隨機變量序列的極限性質，得到一類強偏差定理，其偏差界依賴于正常數c ；第三章，利用對數似然比的概念得到一類隨機偏差定理，其偏差界依賴于r （ ） ，證明中引進了尾概率和尾概率的laplace變換的概念；第四章，利用對數似然比的概念，得到了一類關于任意連續型隨機變量序列的泛函的強偏差定理。
  20. The results show that ( 1 ) the " prediction & cancellation " method can successfully smooth the reverberation and sharpen edges of the echo, so may detect echoes which power are great than the reverberation background by odb in one channel, ( 2 ) the scaled probabilities method can effectually separate a echo which power is great than the background by 6db, while the reverberation is cancelled dr astically

    果。計算結果表明， 「預測一抵消」演算法對混響有平滑作用，對回波則有突出信號邊緣的作用，單通道情況下的最小可檢測信號干擾背景功率比約為odb 。概率凈化演算法在信號干擾背景功率比大於6db的情況下能有效分離回波、抑制混響。
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