膜體學說 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [mótǐxuéshuō]
膜體學說
英文
tunica-corpus theory-
Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants
文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映Through the research of the tension in vivo, the immediate retraction rate and histology examination about the different ways and different maintaining, we get : the increase area of the rapid and conventional expansion has little difference with the expanded time ; however it has significant difference with the maintaining time. it shows that shortening the expanded time is feasible in clinic, but shortening the maintaining time is out of the question ; after the capsule is removed, immediate retraction rate of the expanded skin notably decreased, significantly different from those with intact capsule ; the collagen content of the rapid expansion is just the same as the conventional expansion, but the changes of the histology dependences on the maintaining time. comparison with conventional expansion, rapid expansion has no significant drawback ; maintaining a period after expansion can greatly increase the area of expanded skin and reduce immediate retraction
通過對不同擴張期、不同方式和不同維持期對擴張皮膚的在體張力、即時回縮和皮膚組織學的研究，得到：快速擴張和常規擴張最後獲取的皮瓣，面北京工業大學工學博士學位論文一積增加差別不大；擴張皮膚的面積增加和張力下降與維持期的長短有關；而與擴張期的長短關系不大，說明在皮膚擴張術中可以縮短注水時間，但是維持時間不能縮短；擴張皮膚去除包膜后的即時回縮率下降，與未去除包膜的相比較有明顯差異；快速擴張皮膚的膠原含量變化與常規擴張的基本一致，擴張皮膚的組織學變化與維持期的關系較為密切，與擴張方式關系不大；快速擴張和常規擴張相比，快速擴張沒有明顯的破壞作用；擴張結束后，維持一段時間，能有效的提高擴張面積且能有效地減少回縮。Light microtechnique and sa - galactosidase method was used to study the effects of super - high - concentration of glucose on the senescence of human diploid fibroblast 2bs cells, ros and the membrane potential of mitochondria during this process were measured. our results showed that 200 mmol l of glucose inhibited the growth of 2bs cells, led to the changes of reactive oxygen species and decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, and caused senescence of 2bs cells rapidly. it supports the hypothesis of oxidative damage of senescence. moreover it is a better system for the study of the effects of ros during the process of replicative senescence
利用光學顯微鏡觀察和酸性-半乳糖苷酶染色技術研究了高濃度葡萄糖對人二倍體成纖維細胞2bs細胞衰老進程的影響，並用流式細胞儀檢測了此過程中活性氧和線粒體膜電位差的變化。結果表明： 200 mmol l的葡萄糖對2bs細胞有生長抑制作用，能引起活性氧含量的變化，導致線粒體膜電位差顯著下降，並誘導了細胞的衰老。這為氧化損傷假說提供了新的證據，並為研究活性氧和復制衰老之間的關系提供了較好的體系。This hypothesis provide a new thinking on the action of steroid hormone on neurons, and is both a challenge and a supplement to the traditional genomic theory, which held that the action of steroid hormone is solely mediated by its intracellular cytosolic receptor within the cell nucleus
年代首次在國際上提出糖皮質激素作用於神經元的快速、非基因組機制或膜受體假說。這是對傳統崽體激素基因機制或細胞學說的挑戰與補充，受到國際學術界的高度評價，曾應邀在第In the course of digital education, because people worship digital technology affected by technological rational, it has resulted in educating becoming training to a certain extent ; survives under the influence of digitized technology virtually result in the alienation of teenagers " development ; the forfeiture of ability of subject think makes teenagers be tired of studying while obtain more information and knowledge, and also causes the predicaments of the morals and psychology ; humanity knowledge reduction in the digitized course leads to the unilateralism of teenagers " knowledge study, cause the predicaments of the morals and psychology to a certain extent having lacked humane spirit brings up teenagers " development ; the shortage of affective education in digitized education causes the lack of mutual understanding and alienation of the interpersonal relationships
在數字化教育的過程中，由於人們受技術理性的影響對數字化技術崇拜，導致了教育在一定程度上成為了訓練；在數字化技術影響下的虛擬化生存導致青少年發展的異化，在一定程度上抽象化和符號化;主體思考能力的喪失使青少年獲取更多信息和知識的同時對學習產生了仄倦，也造成了道德和心理的困境;人文知識在數字化過程中的弱化使青少年知識學習片面化，對于青少年發展來說缺失了人文精神養青，在一定程度上造成道德和心理的困境;數字化教育中情感教育的缺乏更是造成人際關系的隔膜和異化。分享友人