自由勞動者 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zìyóuláodòngzhě]
自由勞動者
英文
free laborer-
But this additional food is only obtained by a great additional amount of labour ; so that not only an agricultural has much less leisure than a pastoral population, but, with the imperfect tools and unskillful processes which are for a long time employed ( and which over the greater part of the earth have not even yet been abandoned ), agriculturists do not, unless in unusually advantageous circumstances of climate and soil, produce so great a surplus of food, beyond their necessary consumption, as to support any large class of labourers engaged in other departments of industry
但是只有靠大量增加勞動，才能生產出更多的糧食，因此不僅農業人口比起遊牧人口來說空閑時間要少得多，而且由於長期使用不完善的工具和不熟練的技藝（在世界上很大一部分地區直到現在仍是這樣） ，除了在氣候和土壤特別有利的情況下，農民們生產不出超過自身消費量很多的余糧，因而供養不了大群從事其他產業的勞動者。The wage laborer is not as much interested or solicitous in his work as the free landed proprietor.
工資勞動者對於他的工作，也不像自由的地主那麼關心或留神。For many years, the drying furnace has been adopted with sealed structure and electrical heated, dial instruments are used to control the temperature of the drying furnace and to keep it invariable. parameter setting is inputted by manual method, heating time is completely controlled by operators ’ experiences or their moods, meanwhile, its control function is singular, not only having no automatic heating time and insulating monitoring, having no drying process monitoring, but also having no function of automatic recording and report printing, the workers ’ labor intensity is bigger. thus two abnormal situations are always come forth, one is the insulating performance and intensity of works cannot be guaranteed reliably, it perhaps need to be dried repeatedly, the other is always to extend the drying time in order to ensure the drying quality
多年來乾燥爐一直採用悶罐式結構和電加熱方式，溫度控制採用指針式溫度控制儀表來實現爐溫的恆定，其參數設定由人工輸入，時間控制則完全憑操作者的經驗、情緒來掌握，其控制功能單一，沒有時間控制、絕緣自動監測功能，也沒有乾燥過程監視功能，更沒有多要素記憶、列印存檔功能，工人的勞動強度較大，所以就經常出現兩種異常結果:一是工件的絕緣性能和強度得不到可靠保證，需要反復乾燥;另一種是為保證乾燥質量，往往要延長乾燥時間。Of contract of nonperformance of break a contact of working relationship one party, answer to pay penalty due to breach of contract and compensation to the other side, the standard of penalty due to breach of contract and compensation and pay way, according to bearing severally by working relationship both sides ability is in labor contract affirmatory ; causes nonperformance labor contract to perhaps give other one party to cause because of force majeure damage, can not assume the responsibility that violates labor contract
勞動關系一方違約不履行合同的，應向對方支付違約金和賠償金，違約金和賠償金的標準和支付辦法，由勞動關系雙方根據各自的承受能力在勞動合同中確定；因不可抗力造成不履行勞動合同或者給另一方造成損害的，可不承擔違反勞動合同的責任。The payments for capital and labor are totally set by market power and capital ( labor ) suppliers of any firm have no power to alter the transaction terms with its labor ( capital ) suppliers to their advantage and thus every firm generate zero economic profit. every firm ' s value is equal to the sum of the market prices of the human assets and physical assets that it use and thus the formation and disbandment of a firm have no influence on the interest of any of its members. through an efficient comparison of production within the firm and the scattered individual production coordinated through markets, the dissertation reveals that the origin of the power relationship phenomenon within the firm is that the suppliers of the resources to the firm in real world are unable to enter into legally binding complete contracts as walras assumed
在一般均衡範式中，企業是一個追求利潤最大化的原子；企業的生產過程被描述為一個「黑箱」 ，它自動地、無摩擦地把任何一組投入轉化為既定的技術約束下所能生產的最高產出；資本和勞動僅僅是生產過程中不同類別的投入，它們之間的關系是對稱的，它們各自的報酬都是完全由市場整體的力量決定的，任何一個企業的資本（勞動）提供者都不可能為了增進其自身的利益而改變與勞動（資本）提供者的交易條件，從而任何一個企業產生的經濟利潤都為零；任何一個企業的價值都等於該企業使用的人力資產和非人力資產的市場價格之和，組成一個企業不會增進任何參與人的收益，解散一個企業也不會降低任何參與人的收益。This paper begins from the function of trade union, looking back to the mode of trade union from the planned economic period to market economic period. that is from the traditional mode of production and guard to the new mode of guard stressed. and elaborates the current situation in which the trade union gives play to the function of guard ; analyzing the elements that affected the elaboration of its function, including some systematic reasons, some unfavorable factors lying in itself, the imperfect related labor laws which protect labors and so on ; finally giving some suggestions that strengthen the function of trade union, that is harmonizing the relations among trade union and government and party, reforming and perfecting the trade union, making the legislative guarantee for union ' s function, which includes the modification and perfection of related laws which protect labors and the enhancement of enforcing the law
本課題首先從工會的職能入手，回顧了我國工會組織在計劃經濟體制向市場經濟體制轉型中工會模式的轉變歷程，即由「生產和維護」的傳統二元主義職能模式向「突出維護」的新功能模式;闡述當前工會發揮維權不力的現狀;分析了影響工會發揮維護職能的因素，即制約工會維護職能發揮的制度性因素，工會組織自身存在不利於維權的因素，及現有維護勞動者權益的相關法律的不健全等;最後提出了強化工會維護職能的對策，即協調工會與黨、政的關系，加強工會自身的改革與建設，完善立法，為工會發揮維護職能構建法制保障，包括《工會法》 、 《勞動法》等保護勞動者權益的相關法律的修改和完善，及勞動執法的加強等。Send according to department of labor department labor [ regulation of file of 1995 ] 226 date, after disciplinary action of job of laborer be tortured be tortured of new obtain employment, answer former unit to work no matter or work to other job unit, its pay pay, press the job that pursues by unit of choose and employ persons, determine its pay pay independently according to particular case
根據勞動部勞部發[ 1995 ] 226號文件規定，勞動者受刑事處分后重新就業的，不論回原單位工作或到其他工作單位工作，其工資待遇，由用人單位按所從事的工作，根據具體情況自主確定其工資報酬。Due to the complex of the top management ' s work and thus the complex of their compensation decision, we need systematic theories in designing the compensation mechanism : according to the theories of human resources, in modern productive forces system, talents, which feature intellectual labor, are not only the production factor in a general labor sense, but also the capital factor that has the androgenic function of appreciation ; the property rights of advanced human capital are complete property rights, which determines that the top management has the right to decide " what to do " and " how much to do "
由於高管人員工作的復雜性，致使其薪酬也具有復雜性特點，為了更好地設計薪酬，需有系統的理論做指導：人力資本理論指出作為智力勞動者的人才，不僅僅是一種勞動力意義上的生產要素，而且是一種具有內在增值功能的資本要素；高管人員人力資本的產權是權能完整的產權，由此決定高管人員有權決定自己「做什麼」及「做多少」 。Individual worker also wants town to implement system of primary endowment insurance stage by stage, apply method to be decided by government of people of province, municipality, municipality directly under the central government actually
城鎮個體勞動者也要逐步實行基本養老保險制度，其實施辦法由省、自治區、直轄市人民政府確定。It ’ s natural and inevitable that the primary proposal is to reform property rights when providing proposals for the reform to such a country that is in the transition from plan economy to market economy, which is determined by that one of the basic reason for the low efficiency of plan economy is that the enthusiasm of the staff cannot be aroused under plan economy by virtue of that property rights and then residual claims are not determinate
在對由計劃經濟向市場經濟轉軌的國家提供改革建議時，最主要的建議就是產權改革，這是非常自然的，也是必然的。因為，計劃經濟低效率的一個最根本的原因就是企業管理者和員工的勞動積極性都沒有被調動起來，而產權進而剩餘索取權不確定是導致這一現象的原因。分享友人