自由能變量 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zìyóunéngbiànliáng]
自由能變量 英文
free energy change
  • 自 : Ⅰ代詞（自己） self; oneself; one s own Ⅱ副詞（自然;當然） certainly; of course; naturally; willin...
  • 由 : causereason
  • 能 : 能名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 量 : 量動1. （度量） measure 2. （估量） estimate; size up
  • 自由 : freedomliberty
  1. Section two the evaluation of biocompatibility of the acellular dermal matrix by the method of cell culture. the new born rat ' s epdermic cells were cultured with the acellular dermal matrix together as experiment group, while the epdermic cell were cultured simply as control. 24 hours later, under the invert microscope, the epidermic cells anchored well and transparent flat cells were observed in both groups. 7 days later, both cultured cells were taked out and fixed in 95 % ethanol, stained with hematoxylin and were observed under light microscope. many cleaved cells were observed in both groups. during cell culture, no pathogenic microganism was observed. so we considered the acellular dermal matrix was aseptic and had good biocompatibility. section three subdermal implantation of the acellular dermal matrix. 24 rats were used in the experiments. a piece of acellular dermal matrix ( 1. 5 x 1. 5cm2 ) was implanted beneath the dorsum skin flaps of each rat, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks after implantation, 6 pieces of acellular dermal matrix were harvested and the size of implanted acellular dermal matrix were measured, the sections were used for he staining and observed under light microscope. the result were as folio wing : 1 - 2 weeks after implantation, the acellular dermal matrix began to adhere to the tissue around and turned red gradually ; 3 - 4weeks after implantation, the acellular dermal matrix adhered closely to the tissue around and could be recognized easily, 1 - 3 weeks after implantation, the size of implanted acellular dermal matrix had no statistical difference ( p > 0. 05 ). 4 weeks after implantation implanted acellular dermal matrix contracted ( p < 0. 05 ). under light microscope, l - 2weeks after implantation, the fibroblast cells infiltrated the acellular dermal matrix and a small amount endothelial cells of vessel and lympho - histiocytic cells infiltrated the acellular dermal matrix. 3 - 4 weeks after implantation, infiltrating blood vessels were evident. so we think that the acellular dermal matrix had low immunological reactions and could induce the infiltration of fibroblast macrophage cell and the endothelial cells of vessel

    結果如下：皮下包埋卜周者，無細胞真皮基質漸與周圍組織粘附，顏色由蒼白轉紅；皮下包埋3周者，無細胞真皮基質與周圍組織緊密枯附，盾晰葉辯；術后卜周，包埋的基質面積變化較包埋前無統計學差異o川0引，術后4周包埋的無細胞真皮基質面積較包埋前縮小j刃刀5 ） 。光鏡下術后卜周，宿主的淋巳組織細胞、成纖維細胞浸入生長，釉附在膠原纖維上，少量血管內皮細胞浸入基質；術后34周，無細胞真皮基質內較多的血管形成，故可認為無細胞真皮基質免疫原性低，能誘導宿主的成纖維細胞、巨噬細胞浸入生長，為一種新型的真皮替代物。第四部分無細胞真皮基質與自體斷層皮片復合移棺的研究， sd大鼠10隻，在其背部卜方造成全厚皮膚缺損的創面
  2. But high strength concrete has many defects itself. mainly foy : with higher strength be much fragility ; the final strength increments are smaller for high volume silica - ash concrete ; because high strength concrete ’ s self - shrinkage is large, so the deformation performance is much severely with the strength increments

    而高強混凝土又有其自身缺陷，主要是:強度越高，脆性越大;摻入硅灰量大的高強混凝土，後期增長減小;由於高強混凝土自收縮大，因而變形性能也隨強度等級的提高而變得嚴重。
  3. With the limitation of our learning level and objective case, the variables x1, x2, . ., xm being taken into account are only a part of all relevant variables. the other variables being ticked out may well be more important. so it is not plenty to think about the factor ' s influence on forecasting, the sample ' s information also play its role on forecasting

    一般情況下，對因變量y有影響的因子往往為數極多，而由於我們的認識水平和客觀條件的限制，在問題中考慮進來的自變量x1 ， x2 ， . . . ， xm只是全部有關變量的一部分，其它未被考慮進來的變量完全有可能是更重要的，可見，僅僅著眼于因子對預測的影響顯然不夠，樣品信息也對預測起著重要作用，而且每個樣品對預測所起的作用還互不相同。
  4. The boiler pulverizing system adopt mainly steel ball milling coal machine and mill storage pulverizing system, because the system has characteristics, such as, strong coupling, great time lag and slow time change. the quantity of storage coal in the ball milling coal machine ca n ' t measure exactly. manpower operation or use conventional regulate intrument ca n ' t get often perfect control effect

    鍋爐制粉系統大多採用鋼球磨煤機、中儲式制粉系統，由於該系統具有強耦合、大時滯、慢時變等特點，而且球磨機磨內存煤量難以準確測量，人工操作或用傳統的調節儀表往往難以達到理想的控制效果，普遍存在耗能高、自動控制困難等問題。
  5. That is the reason that all over the countries have never stopped researching for mask jamming technology of radar. at present, the mask jamming source mainly comes from the thermal noise and zener avalanche noise of semiconductor devices. but the noise ’ s quality isn ’ t stabile because of the differences of semiconductor devices each other and the changes of exterior conditions

    目前採用的遮蓋性干擾的噪聲源主要來自半導體器件本身的熱噪聲或齊納雪崩噪聲，但各器件本身的不一致性和外界條件變化等因素使噪聲輸出質量不穩定;同時由於此類信號不能再生，不利於科學研究。
  6. Therefore, the paper expanded eles, namely, turned the above assumption into the following : all the consumers in the same income level have the identical marginal budget share or the identical marginal propensity to consume when consuming certain goods, but consumers in different income level have not and the paper, by defining and introducing the nominal variable of income level - a variable of the marginal propensity to consume only resulting from the change of consumers " ( rural residents ) income level, with which the standard income level was compared, adopted to expand again the extended eles model, exploited the surveying household data in 2001 by liaoning statistics bureau, caculated ( 1 ) the marginal propensity to consume, real expenditure structure, real propensity to consume and marginal budget share of main consumer goods of rural residents in different income levels ; ( 2 ) the proportion of the basic demand quantity, the basic demand structure, the basic demand of main consumer goods in real expenditure of livelihood consumption ; ( 3 ) the income elasticity of demand, the expenditure elasticity of consumption, the price elasticity of demand and the cross price elasticity of demand of main consumer goods ; finally, came the following conclusions : 1

    故本論文採用對擴展的線性支出系統進行再擴展，即將上述假定改為： 「對某類消費品的邊際預算份額或邊際消費傾向，對于同一收入等級的所有消費者均相同，但對于不同收入等級的消費者則有可能不同。 」並通過定義和在模型中引入收入等級虛變量，藉以代表與基準的收入等級相比，消費者（農民）僅僅由於其所處的收入等級變化所導致的邊際消費傾向的變化量。本論文採用對擴展的eles模型的再擴展，利用遼寧省統計局農調總隊的2001年農村住戶調查分戶資料（共1890戶） ，計算了（ 1 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的邊際消費傾向、實際支出結構、實際消費傾向、邊際預算份額； （ 2 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的基本需求量、基本需求結構、基本需求占實際生活消費支出比重； （ 3 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類摘要型消費品的需求收入彈性、消費支出彈性、需求自價格彈性、需求的交叉價格彈性。
  7. Construction and operation of railway change the natural environment and has an influence on the ecologic environment because the railway - engineering field characterizes large amount of consumption of resources and energy

    由於鐵路工程是典型的資源和能源大量消耗的產業，鐵路的修建和運營改變了自然環境，影響了生態環境。
  8. Electromotor joins with high efficiency selected water pump, scm ( single chip micyoco ) control system commands water pump according to cooling water temperature which substitutes traditional strap - driving mechanism pump and forms tael - level intellectualized control cooling system combining with electromotion control of cooling fan. consequently it realizes that water pump and fan autoregulate with engine working status and assures t hat cooling water temperature keeps in the best range all the time and advances the reliability of engine working and realizes exact control of cooling water temperature in deed

    選用高效率水泵與電機聯接，改由單片機控制系統根據冷卻水溫控制水泵的工作，代替傳統的皮帶帶動的機械水泵，結合冷卻風扇的電動控制形成兩級智能化控制的冷卻系統，從而，實現了水泵和風扇轉速隨發動機工況變化的自動調節，真正實現了冷卻水溫的精確控制，保證了冷卻水溫始終保持在最佳范圍內，大量減少傳熱損失降低油耗，並提高了發動機工作的可靠性。
  9. This paper is based on the urban ecological principle and method, by analyzing and studying many key elements of the economic, social and ecological factors in beijing, explores the connection between the urban development and garden green land increased in beijing, summarize the development laws of the garden green land. this paper worked out, development of the garden green land in beijing dependence on upgrading of the industrial structure, afforestation invest, average gdp, policy, olympic games and their own ecological functions, etc. the remarkable change has taken place in the quantity and pattern of the garden green land in beijing. through analysizing the data in 1995 and 2000, the garden green land rose from 16577ha up to 21151ha, increased by 27. 6 %, urban green coverage rate rose from 32. 68 % up to 36. 34 %. especially, it developed rapidly in the public green land and the urban islolated green land, increased by 35. 6 % and 62. 3 % separately, and they have become the main components of garden green land in beij ing

    本文以城市生態學的原理和方法為基礎，通過對北京的經濟、社會和生態因素內諸要素進行分析和研究，探索其與北京城市園林綠地發展之間的聯系，總結城市園林綠地的演變規律。本文研究得出，北京市園林綠地的發展與產業結構的升級、園林綠化投資、人均gdp 、政策、奧運會及其自身的生態功能等呈正相關性。北京城市園林綠地的數量和格局也發生了顯著變化，從1995年和2000年的數據分析，北京城市園林綠地由16577ha上升到21151ha ，增長了27 . 6 ，城市綠化覆蓋率由32 . 68上升到36 . 34 。
  10. For the weak winning the strong, the most effective and correct practice is to ensure how it takes place and which conditions limit its development. by that, we can understand and use the dialectical relations of different conditions and therefore play a dynamic role that we not only in quantity but also in essence weaken the strong aspects or strengthen the weak aspects of the enemy, strengthen the weak aspects or weaken the weak aspects of our army to change us from the weak to the strong and the enemy from the strong to the army, and finally, to make us win the enemy

    對于以弱勝強而言，最有效的正確的實踐就是確定事物強弱轉化是如何形成的，什麼樣的條件制約其發展，從而正確處理尊重條件，認識條件和利用條件的辯證關系，充分發揮人的自覺能動性，通過削弱敵軍強的因素改善我軍弱的因素、擴展敵軍弱的因素增強我軍強的因素、創造有利條件以我之強對敵之弱，從量變到質變促成強弱轉化，使我們由弱變強，敵人由強變弱，最後戰勝敵人。
  11. Based on the idea of subordinate meshes, we bring forward a new method of weighted volume which is used for constructing linear interpolation polynomials. besides, according to the eno interpolation on unstructured grids, a class of linear interpolation polynomial is developed on irregular quadrilateral grids and allows very small oscillation. program in fortran is given for a remapping algorithm developed by caiqingdong

    另外，根據非結構網格的eno插值的思想，構造了四邊形網格網眼內的線性插值多項式，由於利用其插值點自適應選取的特性，在物理量變化劇烈區域選取最光滑區域的點來插值，雖然不能保持單調性，但只允許出現非常小的振蕩。
  12. The major achievements are listed as the followings : mathieu functions remain difficult to employ, mainly because of the impossibility of analytically representing them in a simple and handy way. the methods for the computation of all mathieu functions of integer orders for large range of the order n and the parameter q were presented here. the calculations were made by programs using matlab to compute the mathieu functions

    本論文的主要工作:由於在使用馬丟函數時存在一些困難，主要是因為不能簡單方便地對其進行解析表示，我們給出整數階各類馬丟函數的詳細計算方法，該方法適合較大范圍的階數n和參數q值，實際計算中採用了matlab軟體進行編程實現，並給出了各類馬丟函數在自變量和q值兩個參數變化下的三維可視化圖形。
  13. Let us calculate first how much energy is released when a free neutron decays.

    讓我們首先來計算一個自由中子的衰變會釋放出多少能量。
  14. The sensitivity indices at different growth stages of the two models differ significantly, which indicates that the time of occurrence of water deficit has a great influence on the reduction of the yield of spring wheat an maize

    這一結果可能是由於minhas模型的自變量採用b _ 0和_ i雙重冪指數的數學結構，而能夠較好反映乾旱區作物對水分敏感的特性。
  15. Considering the fact that continuous process and batch process are the two important production modes in process industry, and each of them has its respective characteristic, our works are divided into two parts, those are, monitoring of continuous processes and of batch processes. the main contribution of this thesis is as follows, 1 multivariate kernel - density estimation method is used to calculate the distribution of data and assess the impact of parametric uncertainty on the monitoring performance

    由於連續生產方式和間歇生產方式是流程工業中兩種重要的生產方式，它們具有各自不同的特點，因此，本文的工作分兩大部分，即連續工業過程的監控和間歇工業過程的監控，具體包括： （ 1 ）採用多變量核密度估計方法，研究了參數不確定條件下，過程數據的分佈及其對系統監控性能的影響。
  16. The concept and design especially block design of a signaling system directly affects both performance and safety of operation in a rapid transit system. the signaling system adopted by the taipei mrt is of a fixed blocking system design, which is also used in many other countries ; however, different system providers have their own design concepts, and incompatibility is a common problem which places restrictions on the expansion and updating of future lines. therefore, if a brand - new, standardized, more advanced design and or product is to be introduced to upgrade or expand the existing taipei mrt system, compatibility between the existing system and the new system is one of the most important issues

    三、供電系統為捷運系統動力之來源，其可靠度直接影響系統之營運之可用度，為確保系統之可靠度，各線皆有獨立之電力系統，自成一自己自足之供電網路，由於變電站之投資成本昂貴，且涉及用地取得之問題，及民眾對變電站設置之排斥，皆是未來系統興建必須考量的課題；有鑒於此，在不降低整體路網運轉性能及可靠度需求之下，于未來系統擴建時如何充分利用現有變電站之資源，透過電力調度之方式，進行電力系統之擴建與整合，亦是值得探討的課題，其中包括既有機土介面配合調整可行性如何？
  17. As goldfeld - quandt test can only be applied to one independent variable, it is generalized in the second section. it shows that, in multivariate situation, the data can be arranged according to their principle components. but there should be a premise : the disturbances of the lower data group should have equal variance and those of the higher data group have the same variance

    由於戈德菲爾德-匡特檢驗方法只適用於一個自變量，因此，本文對g - q檢驗進行了推廣，說明在多變量的情況下，可以利用主成分對樣本數據進行排序，並強調使用戈德菲爾德-匡特檢驗的前提：低樣本組各觀察值的擾動項必須具有同方差性；高樣本組各觀察值的擾動項也必須具有同方差性，否則，檢驗的結果可能是錯誤的。
  18. First, the current optical system construction ' s optimization algorithms are based on the just optical system ' s preliminary construction which designers have selected. optical system program can not automatically change the optical elements ' nember. so that optical system design ' s intelligentized degree is not high. now this paper applies the genetic algorithms to lens design and shows that the genetic algorithms can effectively work in automatically changing the optical elements ' nember. next, this pape present a new computer design method that applies the genetic - simulated annealing algorithms to directly design the binary optical element

    首先，由於現有的光學系統結構設計的優化演算法都是在選定了初始光學結構的基礎上，只對光學結構參數進行優化選擇，在優化過程中不能夠自動改變光學面數，導致光學系統設計的智能化程度還不是很高，採用遺傳演算法，實現了光學面的自動增減；其次，區別于傳統的二元光學設計方法，為避免其量化臺階數過大導致的成本及加工復雜度的增加，提出了運用混合優化策略遺傳-模擬退火演算法直接設計二元光學元件的新的計算機方法。
  19. The origin of the fund - management stimulating problem is that the standard of rational agent ’ s activities is utility maximum. but, in the reality, the fund investor and the fund administrator are a kind of consignation and there is information asymmetry. the fund investor ( principle ) wants to make the fund administrator ( agent ) act according to the benefits of the former, but the investor ca n ' t observe the investment activity of the administrator directly and in time. he can only observe other variables which are decided by the administrator ’ s activity and other outside uncertain factors

    基金激勵問題產生的根源在於理性人的行動都以自身效用或利益最大化為標準，但在現實中，基金投資者與基金管理者是一種委託代理關系且兩者之間存在著信息不對稱，基金投資者（委託人）想使基金管理人（代理人）按照前者的利益選擇行動，但投資者不能直接及時地觀察管理人的投資行動，他能觀察到的只是另一些指標變量，這些變量由管理人的行動和其他外生隨機因素共同決定。
  20. The extensive applications for power electronic apparatus and nonlinear equipment distort the waveforms of voltages and currents. as a result, power quality is going much worse. in addition, due to the improvement of industrial automatization, such parts of an apparatus as mpu and plc are applied to industrial process controls, which are disturbed easily by stirs from power system

    一方面由於電力電子器件和非線性設備的廣泛應用，使得電網中的電壓、電流波形發生畸變，造成電能質量的嚴重惡化；另一方面由於工業自動化水平的提高，微處理器和plc等智能器件大量應用於工業過程式控制制，而這些精細過程式控制制更容易受到電力系統抖動的影響，因此現代工業對電能質量提出了更高的要求。
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