自由電子法 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zìyóudiànzifǎ]
自由電子法 英文
fem
  • 自 : Ⅰ代詞（自己） self; oneself; one s own Ⅱ副詞（自然;當然） certainly; of course; naturally; willin...
  • 由 : causereason
  • 電 : Ⅰ名詞1 （有電荷存在和電荷變化的現象） electricity 2 （電報） telegram; cable Ⅱ動詞1 （觸電） give...
  • 子 : 子Ⅰ名詞1 （兒子） son 2 （人的通稱） person 3 （古代特指有學問的男人） ancient title of respect f...
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 自由 : freedomliberty
  • 電子 : [物理學] [電學] electron
  1. The traditional cell fusion methods have biologic inducement and chemical inducement. with the cell fusion having huge potential application on biology, medical science, pharmacy, the scientists from many countries who work on various fields such as physics, electronics, biology, medical science, etc. dived into a large amount of manpower and materials to carry on special research, in the eighties of last century a new cell fusion technology that cell electrofusion, had been developed

    傳統的細胞融合方法有生物誘導法和化學法，由於細胞融合在生物、醫學、藥學上的巨大潛在應用，來自物理、電子、生物、醫學等領域的各國科學家相繼在該領域傾注了大量人力物力進行專項研究，八十年代發展起來的一門新興的細胞融合技術- -細胞電融合（ cellelectrofusion ） 。
  2. We have developed the theory of boundary shielding approximation of electric polarization, from which the values of spontaneous polarization of some typical ferroelectric materials can be derived. the shielded charges in ferroelectricity are in the state of surface bound polaron - dipole whose creation and annihilation must span a potential barrier. by introducing statistical method, four types of typical electric hysteresis loops of some common crystals and ceramics have been given, which are well consistent with the experimental results

    利用電極化的邊界屏蔽近似，可計算出一些典型鐵電單晶的自發極化強度.鐵電屏蔽電荷處于表面束縛極化子偶狀態，其產生和湮沒要跨越位壘.由統計方法給出的一些常見晶體和陶瓷的四種典型電滯回線形狀，和實驗觀察到的結果一致
  3. As the special principal party of the e - contract, the legal status of isp is similar to the function of the post office in traditional contracting. during contract making process, the automatic electronic business system is named as electronic agent. it is substantially different from the traditional agent

    在電子合同訂立過程中，促成合同達成的自動化的電子交易系統通常被稱作電子代理人，與普通的代理存在著本質的區別，由於不具備法律上的人格，其相應的締約能力受到了質疑。
  4. Crack detection system of glass bottles is a subsystem of computer vision detection system on - line of glass products. the whole system was developed by the cooperation of the electronic technique research institute of guangxi normal university and guilin glass factory. in the course of test, the writer found that the subsystem possesses worse adaptability of adapting the change of the environment and worse tolerance to mistakes of the new information

    「玻璃瓶口裂紋檢測系統」是廣西師范大學電子技術研究所與桂林市玻璃廠聯合開發的「玻璃製品的計算機視覺在線檢測系統」的一個子系統，筆者在調試過程中發現，該子系統對環境變化適應的靈活性和對新信息的容錯性較差，這主要是由於該子系統目前所採用的演算法不具備自學習、自適應的能力所造成的。
  5. Furthermore, the growth and the study of self - organized quantum dots structures become more and more important recently, and the application of self - organization technique become wider and wider in this thesis, we address the theory of film growth and the growth technique firstly more, the ways and characteristics of surface detection are prescribed we mainly report the growth process, results and discuss of self - organized quantum dots structures in the a12o3 substrates by s - k mode using ecr - mocvd, in the espd - u device the growth art of ain epilayer which is the preliminary foundation of self - organized gan / ain quantum dots structures, including the substrate cleaning, nitridation, the growth of buffer and the growth of gan and ain epilayer, is discussed we deliberately compare the test result of rheed xrd and afm and achieved the optimalized condition of ain at last we have successfully realized the growth of ain which is much smooth and better crystal quality moreover, we grow the self - organized gan / ain quantum dots structure in s - k mode because the limits of the heater temperature, we can not grow the atom - smooth epilayer of ain until now so we could not grow better quantum dots which have small diameter and big density but the self - organized quantum dots structures with better quality will be realized successfully if the substrate temperature is increased the thesis study belong to my tutor subject of national nature science foundation ( 69976008 )

    本論文主要論述了在espd - u裝置上，採用電子迴旋共振等離子體增強mocvd （ ecr - pamocvd ）方法，在藍寶石襯底上通過s - k模式自組裝生長gan aln量子點結構的生長工藝、結果及討論。而重點分析了自組裝生長量子點之前的aln外延層生長工藝，包括襯底清洗、氮化、緩沖層的生長和gan 、 aln外延層的生長；通過高能電子衍射、 x射線衍射和原子力顯微鏡測試，並且對這些測試結果進行了詳細的比較研究，得出了較優化的工藝條件，生長出了晶質較好、表面較平整的aln外延層；進而採用s - k模式自組裝生長了gan aln量子點結構。由於實驗裝置加熱爐溫度的限制，我們沒有能夠生長出原子級平滑的aln外延層表面，因而沒能夠生長出密度比較大和直徑比較小的量子點。
  6. This thesis reports an analytic study on the giant - magnetoresistance of multi - layer sandwich structure and spin - valve structure by using green function quantum statistics approach and nonlinear kubo formula that was derived by sub - dynamics theory

    本論文報導使用量子統計格林函數方法以及由子動力學理論推出的非線性響應理論對多層膜三明治結構和自旋閥結構的巨磁電阻效應的解析研究。
  7. Other than the preface and the epilogue, the scheme of the discussion is divided into four chapters as follows : in chapter i, the author intended to describe the specific performance of electronic payment risks. firstly focus on the exposition of electronic payment ' s definitions, characteristics, and classification

    電子支付風險法律監管以安全和效率的統一為目標，由央行、銀監會及行業自律組織在全面性、專業性和審慎性等監管原則下對國內商業銀行和非銀行金融機構進行有效監管，控制電子支付風險。
  8. Also, this thesis brings forword reasonable testing methords according to the actual project. in this test system we assign the output signals of the power electric chest though a tua ( testing unit allocatee ). the automatic test system is composed by an industrial computer, five pci switch modules, a pci digital multimeter and two load chests

    按照標準分析所得的測試項目和測試方法，本系統通過測試單元適配器（ tua ）對被測系統信號進行調理和分配，由工業計算機、程式控制開關卡、數字多用表卡、負載箱等組成基於pci總線的自動測試系統，對被測電源電子箱進行測試。
  9. The applications field of fgm include aerospace, electron, chemistry, biology and medicine fields ; the composition change also from metal / ceramic to metal / metal, metal / alloy, non - metal / non - metal and non - metal / ceramic. moreover, various methods including powder metallurgy, self - propagating high - temperature synthesis ( shs ), chemical and physical vapor deposition ( cvd and pvd ), electrodeposition, laser cladding method, plasma sputtering and sol - gel method have been studed. metal organic chemical vapor deposition ( mocvd ), using chemical vapor deposition of metal organic compounds, is an effective method for acquiring special function materials and membrane

    功能梯度材料是21世紀最有發展前景的新型材料之一，其用途已由原來的宇航工業，擴大到核能源、電子、化學、生物醫學等領域；其組成也由金屬?陶瓷發展成為金屬?金屬、金屬?合金、非金屬?非金屬、非金屬?陶瓷等多種組合；其制備方法主要包括粉末冶金法，自蔓延高溫合成法（ shs ） 、氣相沉積法（ cvd和pvd ） 、電沉積法，激光熔覆法，溶膠?凝膠法（ sol - gel ）等。
  10. Simulations for these two conditions prove validity of theoretical analysis. on the basis of this scheme, a new speed adjustment strategy about vector control of doubly fed motor based on rotor current vector fixing is given. it introduces the closed - loop of stator excitation current to the system, which increases two adjustment channels : speed and excitation adjustment

    經理論分析可知，該方案中，由於轉子電流與磁鏈無法實現完全解耦，故僅在亞同步工況下有效，在超同步時則會因為調速系統不能自動校正轉子磁鏈幅值變化引起的橫向電流而使系統失去控制，無法達到穩定狀態。
  11. Differ from the traditional way, both parties who involve in making of e - contract have no chance to meet face to face, so it is quite difficult to recognize their legal capacity to contract

    首先，在電子合同的訂立中，由於雙方身份的隱蔽性，無論自然人或者是法人行為能力的識別均遇到了很大的困難。
  12. The operation reliability of the power transformer as the key equipment in electrical power systems, influences operation security of electrical power systems directly. the components and contents of gases dissolved in transformer oil can be used to reflects internal insulation faults of operating transformer. in order to overcome the errors caused by complex handling procedure and man - made factors using general chromatogram analysis method, author brings forward an on - line detecting of gases dissolved in transformer oil by using macromolecule polymer to separate oil and gases automatically and an information fusion technology of multi - sensors ; at the same time, in order to improve the accuracy and reliability, author uses neural networks to diagnose transformer faults

    變壓器作為電力系統的樞紐設備，其運行可靠性直接影響電力系統的安全運行；變壓器油中溶解氣體的成分和含量能有效體現運行變壓器內部的絕緣故障情況，為解決常規色譜分析中復雜的操作程序和由於人為因素引起的較大的誤差，論文提出了應用高分子聚合膜實現變壓器油氣自動分離、多傳感信息融合技術智能檢測多種氣體成分的變壓器油中溶解氣體在線監測技術，應用神經網路智能診斷方法實施故障診斷，提高變壓器故障診斷的準確性和可靠性。
  13. Thanks to high - volume production of consumer electronics, the cost of wireless technology has fallen significantly in recent years and, although it is widely applicable, wisa technology does not address all the needs of wireless factory automation

    由於消費電子的大量生產，近些年來無線技術的成本已經大大下降，而且，盡管其應用廣闊， wisa技術也無法滿足無線工廠自動化的所有需要。
  14. The measure methods have developed from the impact method to automatic - manual measure method that is central made of analog integrator and the computer automation measurement system that is central made of analog integrator, a / d > data acquisition

    對于磁化特性的測量已經由經典的沖擊電流計法發展到以模擬電子積分器為主要單元的半自動測量系統和以模擬電子積分、 a d轉換、數據採集為主要單元的計算機控制的自動測量系統。
  15. In large rotating machinery using filmatic bearing ( turbogenerator, air compressor, etc. ) there is a potential trouble from impefect installation or running conditions, a metals " contact between rotors and shells. the trouble is usully called rubbing. the advantage of ae technologe in the rubbing diagnosis and early detection is showed. instead of classical ae characteristic parameters ( counts, amplitude, energy, duration and the other ones ) a new feature extraction by frequency analysis of ae envelop signals is discussed. both research of ae process and field experements indicate that periodic components in the envelop spectrum related to rotational speed increase evidently at the beginning of rubbing production, hence are highly sensitive to the rubbing fault diagnosis. according to the new design an acoustic emission equipment for the rubbing diagnosis named buaa ae testing system is developed and described

    汽輪發電機、空氣壓縮機等採用油膜支撐的大型轉動機械，由於安裝或運行中的原因，在轉子旋轉過程中，可能和器壁發生輕微的摩擦和碰擊，簡稱碰摩.聲發射技術在碰摩發生特別是故障早期診斷上有優越性.本系統的特點是沒有沿用傳統的計數、幅度、能量和持續時間等聲發射特性參數，而是在聲發射包絡信號的頻率分析中進行特徵提取.聲發射發生的過程分析和現場試驗都表明這種方法對碰摩檢測很敏感，在碰摩發生的起始階段，包絡譜中與轉速同步的周期性分量顯著增加.根據這種新的設計思想自行研製了buaa碰摩聲發射檢測儀並對此作了介紹
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