航行自由 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [hánghángzìyóu]
航行自由 英文
freedom of navigation
  • 航 : Ⅰ名詞（船） boat; shipⅡ動詞（航行） navigate （by water or air）; sail
  • 行 : 行Ⅰ名詞1 （行列） line; row 2 （排行） seniority among brothers and sisters:你行幾? 我行三。where...
  • 自 : Ⅰ代詞（自己） self; oneself; one s own Ⅱ副詞（自然;當然） certainly; of course; naturally; willin...
  • 由 : causereason
  • 航行 : 1 （水中行駛） navigate by water; seaway; sail 2 （空中行駛） navigate by air; fly 3 voyage; 航行...
  • 自由 : freedomliberty
  1. The council also affirmed the need to guarantee free navigation through international waterways.

    安理會還會確認需要保證國際水道的航行自由。
  2. Radar and automatic pilots make maritime navigation less hazardous

    由於雷達和自動導航這些現代設備，航行變得安全多了。
  3. Disigning coolant channel on the firebox of liquid rocket engine to loxodrome ( equal - angle helix ) groove can improve firebox coolant capability greatly. because the width dimension of loxodrome groove is narrow and the depth is deep, some machining methods are incapable, such as end - milling or electrochemistry. according to the peculiarities, a cnc disk - cutter - milling method which is composed of five motion axes with four simultaneously interpolated ones is researched. because most firebox generatrix is composed of complex curves, it is very difficult to get cnc cutting program with manual means. in order to deal with the problem, the loxodrome mathematics model is studied, and an auto - programming software system is developed. the software system can generate cnc cutting program of loxodrome on many kinds of turned surface. the constriction - distension segment of firebox is the most representative workpiece. the sharp changing of its generatrix slope makes loxodrome milling difficult. with the theory analyzing and practice cutting experiment, some applied techniques, which include milling mode and direction, choosing cutter diameter and cutting start point setting, are developed. adopting the technology above, tens regular workpiece have been manufacturing. the two - year manufacture practice has confirmed the validity and feasibility of developed loxodrome coolant channel milling method. the developed technology is also worth to be referenced to other similar workpiece

    將液體火箭發動機燃燒室的冷卻通道設計為斜航線（等傾角螺旋線）槽形，可以大幅度改善燃燒室的冷卻性能.斜航線冷卻槽的槽寬尺寸較小而槽深尺寸較大，所以無法使用棒銑刀銑削、電化學等加工方式.針對這些特點，提出了五軸控制、四軸聯動的數控片銑刀銑削加工方法.由於燃燒室外表面的母線輪廓復雜，手工編制數控加工程序難度大.為了解決數控加工程序的編制問題，研究了斜航線的數學模型，開發了自動編程軟體系統.使用該系統，可以生成多種母線輪廓回轉體外表面上的斜航線數控加工程序.燃燒室收斂-擴張段的母線斜率變化大，加工難度大，是斜航線冷卻通道加工的最典型工件.經過理論分析和實際切削實驗，研究了針對該類型工件的片銑刀直徑選擇、銑削方式和方向、刀具調整和起刀點的設置等多項實際的加工方案.採用上述的一系列技術，已經成功地加工了數十個合格工件.經過兩年多的實際生產過程應用，驗證了所開發的斜航線冷卻通道加工方法的正確性和可行性.這些加工技術的研製成功，對其他相似類型零件的加工亦具有參考意義
  4. In this paper, the main research works are as follows : 1 ) survey and analysis previous work in auv navigation and summarize : as the cumulate error, the dead - reckoning and inertial navigation systems ca n ' t be used without other modified system ; the acoustic navigation system is used only in small range, and is very expensive. 2 ) two important approaches in geophysical navigation techniques are summarized, one is terrain contour based navigation, this approach is investigated keystone today ; the other is image based navigation, due to no perfect image sensors and image seabed map, this approach has seldom been practised. 3 ) two important terrain contour based navigation algorithms has been applied to auv, one is match algorithm - based terrain contour match ( tercom ) ; the other is kalman filter - based sandia inertia terrain - aided navigation ( sitan )

    主要研究內容包括：一、總結分析了當前水下導航的常用方法和不足之處，指出基於航位推算的導航方法，存在著最大的問題就是導航誤差的積累問題，如果沒有修正系統，這種方法很難滿足使用要求；其次指出基於聲學的導航方法，造價昂貴，導航范圍有限，難以滿足自主水下航行器大范圍導航的需求；二、總結了當前水下地形輔助導航的主要技術路線，一是基於地形高程的匹配方法，這是當前研究的重點；二是基於地形圖像的匹配方法，由於缺乏良好的圖像傳感器，和可用的海底圖像地圖，目前這種方法還有待研究發展；三、將兩種地形高程匹配的常用方法應用到自主水下航行器上：以相關演算法為前提的地形輪廓匹配（ tercom ）方法和以卡爾曼濾波為基礎的桑迪亞慣性地形輔助導航（ sitan ）方法，前者演算法簡單可靠，但是導航精度不高，後者雖然精度比較高，但存在著演算法較為復雜、有可能發散和出現奇異值等問題。
  5. In the case of a voyage policy, the adventure insured must be prosecuted throughout its course with reasonable despatch, and, if without lawful excuse it is not so prosecuted, the insurer is discharged from liabibility as from the time when the delay became unreasonable

    在航次保險單的情況下，承保的冒險在整個過程中，必須合理迅速地持續進行，若無合法的理由，而未能如此繼續進行，保險人自遲延變得不合理之時起免除責任。
  6. To further facilitate the progress of the project, a hong kong cnsatm committee was set up in march 2000. chaired by cad, the committee comprises representatives from the international air transport association ( iata ), international federation of air line pilots associations ( ifalpa ), cpa, hong kong observatory and telecommunications services providers

    為進一步推展上述計劃，由民航處領導的香港衛星通訊、導航及監察系統航空交通管理系統委員會於二零零零年三月成立，其他成員來自國際民航運輸協會、國際航空公司飛行員協會、國泰航空公司、香港天文臺和電訊服務機構。
  7. The civil aviation department ( cad ) today ( april 19 ) begins to implement the air traffic service ( ats ) airground datalink application for the provision of the automatic terminal information service ( atis ) and meteorological information for aircraft in flight ( volmet ) within the hong kong flight information regionarea of responsibility

    二一年四月十九日民航處由今日（四月十九日）起應用航空交通服務空中地面數據鏈路，在香港飛行情報區負責區內提供數據化自動航站情報服務和數據化遠航氣象情報服務。
  8. These information together with weather reports from neighbouring aerodromes are included in the half - hourly automatic meteorological broadcasts for aircraft in flight

    這些天氣資料，加上鄰近機場的天氣報告，經由自動航空氣象廣播每半小時發送予航行中的飛機。
  9. The self - - noise of underwater vehicles is one of the main interfere sources in sonar, which is compound of three kinds of noise inc1uding the machinery noise, the propel ler noi se and the water ki net ics noise

    航行體自噪聲是聲納的主要干擾源之一，它由航行體運動時產生的機械噪聲、螺旋槳噪聲和水動力噪聲幾部分構成。
  10. Since its grand opening, the hong kong science museum has attracted close to 10 million patrons. many popular exhibitions like " dinosaurs alive ", " prehistoric giants ", " ancient chinese astronomy exhibition ", and " exhibition on chinas first manned space mission " were launched. in 2002, the museum took the lead to combine science with chinese literature in conceiving and producing the " flowers in the mirrors " exhibition which was well received by local citizens and was roved to singapore and france for display. in addition, around half of the exhibits inside the permanent exhibition halls have been renewed since its opening

    香港科學館自開館以來，已吸引近一千萬人次參觀，並為觀眾帶來多個受歡迎的展覽，包括恐洪荒巨獸中國古天文成就展中國首次載人航天飛行展等。在2002年，科學館更首次結合科技和中國小說創作了鏡花緣展覽，除受到本港市民歡迎外，展覽更先後到新加坡及法國等國家展出。而常設展覽廳內的展品亦不斷更新，由開館至今已有約一半的展品換上新的內容。
  11. Fuzzy controller shows promise for these non - linear systems that are not known well or the model is difficult to be identified

    但是由於船舶航行的復雜性和pid控制器本身的局限性，常規的pid自動舵仍然存在著許多不足之處。
  12. As there is no scheduled fleet traveling around various islands, the tourists have to hire the kaito at sai kung town on their own, and have to plan their routes with the ship owners beforehand

    交通：由於西貢區並無固定航班來往各島嶼，旅客須于西貢墟自行雇街渡前往，並須于出發前與船家議定航程。
  13. As there is no scheduled fleet travelling around various islands, the tourists have to hire the kaito at sai kung town on their own, and have to plan their routes with the ship owners beforehead

    交通：由於西貢區並無固定航班來往各島嶼，旅客須于西貢墟自行雇街渡前往，並須于出發前與船家議定航程。
  14. When submarine curves close the water surface, the course is affected by the quasi white noise disturbances. the close water control structure is same with that in deep water. the simulations show that the control effects are close to the ideal situations

    由於在近水面航行時，航向所受到的主要是接近於白噪聲的干擾，所以採用了結構和水下相同的航向自動舵，由模擬曲線可看出控制效果比較理想。
  15. But, because the navigation safety is affected by many factors such as the eligibility of crew, vessel ' s conditions, nature conditions, traffic conditions, ship - shore management level etc, so vessels in distress ( or maritime disaster accidents ) are difficult to be avoided

    但是，由於船舶的航行安全受到船員的適任性、船舶條件、自然條件、交通條件和船岸管理水平等諸多因素的影響，船舶遇險（或稱海難事故）仍難以避免。
  16. The carrier may, in its discretion, in order to secure dispatch for the vessel at port of discharge or trans - shipment of the goods, proceed thence with the whole or any portion of the goods on board and discharge the same on the return trip or subsequent voyage, or discharge the same at any other port and thence carry or forward the same at carrier ' s convenience to destination at vessel ' s expense, but at risk of shipper and consignee in either case, subject in other respects to the provisions of this bill of lading in case of transportation by the carrier, or of the usual bill of lading, of any other carrier performing the same

    承運人可根據自己的判斷，為確保在卸：貨港速遣或轉運貨物，此後繼續運送船上的全部或部分貨物，並在回航途中或以後的航行中卸貨，或在其他港口卸貨，並就承運人的方便運載或轉運該貨物至目的地，費用由船方承擔，但兩種情況風險均由發貨人和收貨人承擔，其他方面應按本提單有關承運人運輸的規定處理， ，或按一般提單有關其他承運此貨物的承運人的規定處理。
  17. Because of the rotation and revolution of the earth and the moon, and the variety of opposite geography position between lunar rover and earth station brought by them, sometimes the lunar rover will be placed in district which is beyond control of the earth station, so the wandering explorer make use of the metering equipment that the itself takes to carry on control and navigation independently have already become an important development direction

    月球車通常藉助地面站通過無線電測控進行導航控制，但由於地球和月球自轉和公轉運動及所帶來的地面站和漫遊車相對地理位置的變化等，有時月球車會處于地面站無法測控的區域內，因此漫遊車利用自身或者著陸器攜帶的測量設備進行自主導航控制已經成為重要的發展方向。
  18. Under the requirement of multi - maneuver flight mission, spacecraft sometimes has to perform autonomous navigation by using on - board sensors in a short time

    未來多任務航天器往往要執行多次機動飛行，由於地面導航的局限性，需要在較短的時間內對航天器進行自主導航。
  19. When ships are at their actual voyages the working conditions ( such as loading, depth of drafu ship speed ) and the navigating environments ( such as the sea route, depth of water, wind, wave, current ) are variable to a large extent. the whole during is a procedure of model varying with time nonlinear and large disturbance. the introduction of the intelligent controlling method can contribute to the improvement of automation degree for ship avoiding collision and maneuvering systems

    由於船舶的運動在實際的航行過程中隨船舶的工作狀態（如載荷、吃水深度、航速等）及航行環境（如航線、水深、風、浪、流等）的不同而有很大的變化，是一個模型時變、非線性、大幹擾的過程，將智能化控制技術用於其中將會有助於船舶避碰與操縱系統的自動化程度的提高。
  20. The airborne isar imaging of ship target depends on the ship ’ s rotation relative to the radar line of sight ( rlos ). this rotation has two sources : one originates from the relative movement between the radar and the ship. the other comes from the ship sway ( roll, pitch and yaw )

    機載isar對艦船成像依靠艦船與雷達視線（ rlos ）之間的相對轉動，它由飛機與艦船航行引起的相對運動和海浪作用下艦船自身搖擺（橫搖、縱搖、偏航）產生的轉動組成。
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