航運義務 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [hángyùnyìwù]
航運義務 英文
duty of navigation
  • 航 : Ⅰ名詞（船） boat; shipⅡ動詞（航行） navigate （by water or air）; sail
  • 運 : Ⅰ動詞1 （物體位置不斷變化） move; revolve 2 （搬運; 運輸） carry; transport 3 （運用） use; wield...
  • 義 : Ⅰ名詞1 （正義） justice; righteousness 2 （情誼） human ties; relationship 3 （意義） meaning; si...
  • 務 : Ⅰ名詞1 （事情） affair; business 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞1 （從事; 致力） be engaged in; devote...
  • 航運 : shipping航運保險 shipping insurance; 航運表 sailing list; 航運艙單 shipping manifest; 航運法 law ...
  1. This thesis is planed to analyze and demonstrate this obligation in detail, and tries to clarify the issues below : 1, the differences in the obligation standards among the carrier, the common carrier and the bailee, and the differences in the obligation standards between care of cargo and making the ship seaworthy ; 2, combined with the cases and shipping practice, solving the problems which is produced in fulfilling the obligation ; 3, with the principle of law, analyzing the character of the responsibility which should assume when the care of cargo obligation is breached ; 4, introducing the provisions about care o f cargo obligation in preliminary draft instrument on the carriage of goods by sea and expressing my opinions

    本文擬對這一義務進行詳細的分析和論證，試圖闡明以下幾個方面的問題： 1 、承運人管貨義務所要求的「妥善和謹慎」的標準與公共承運人、託管人管貨義務的標準的區別，與承運人適航義務的標準「克盡職責」的區別； 2 、結合有關案例和航運實務，分析該條文字面所表述的管貨義務的各個環節在實際運用中的相關問題； 3 、從法理的角度分析違反管貨義務所應承擔的責任的性質； 4 、介紹正在制訂的《海上貨物運輸法》 （草案）中關于承運人管貨義務的規定，並提出自己的意見。
  2. In this part, i cite some cases and decisions to explain the meaning of " properly and carefully " above all. then, with the purpose of distinguish discriminations, i compare it one by one with the standards which the common carrier and bailee must be complied when they fulfil the care of cargo obligation, and the standard of the obligation of making the ship seaworthy

    這一部分首先結合案例和判詞解釋「妥善和謹慎」這一標準的含義，然後再將其與公共承運人的管貨義務、託管人的管貨義務和承運人適航義務的標準逐一進行比較，試圖在比較中分清差別，進一步明確含義。
  3. However, alitalia maintains its scheduled cargo services to and from hong kong

    不過，義大利航空公司仍然維持來往香港的定期貨運服務。
  4. Alitalia, ansett international ltd and royal air cambodge cease operating scheduled passenger services to and from hong kong

    義大利航空公司、安捷航空公司和皇家柬甫寨航空公司停止經營來往香港的定期客運服務。
  5. The implementation of ism code will undoubtedly have an effect on some areas of the current maritime law, especially for seaworthy norms of ships

    其實施將嚴重影響現行海事法，特別是船舶適航規范方面，如新的適航概念引入必將對承運人的適航義務的認定產生重大影響。
  6. There is strong possibility that the court will find that a shipowner who has failed to operate his ship in accordance with the ism code, has failed to make his ship seaworthy, or has failed to exercise due diligence to make his ship seaworthy

    在ism規則下，承運人謹慎處理的義務要被重新認定，對于未按照ism規則標準經營船舶的船東，法院極有可能判定他未盡適航之責或未謹慎處理使船舶適航。
  7. When people are looking back at this period of time, what they usually see is its prosperity and the richness of the people but neglect that there is an unknown " hero " behind this history - the role of the automobile finance service. it is just because of the appearance of the automobile finance that today ' s automobile industry comes into being. if you want to get to know the automobile industry, you must first understand automobile finance

    從某種意義上講，正是有了汽車金融服務，才有了今天的汽車工業，今天的航空工業和今天幾乎所有的機械製造業；也正是有了汽車金融服務，才有了人的活動半徑的百、千公里級的跨越，有了人類得益於地理時空擴大、運動速率提高所帶來的人文精神的升華。
  8. On the other hand, claimers are easy to find the evidences that prove the carrier has failed to provide a seaworthy vessel by making the use of the transparent system of this code

    索賠人則在ism規則實施后總能利用ism規則透明的體系，找到承運人違反適航義務的證據。
  9. I n generai idea, seaworthy and care for goods and no deviation are carrier ' s basic obligations

    一般認為使船舶適航、管理貨物和不繞航是承運人在國際海上貨物運輸合同中承擔的基本義務。
  10. Writer ' s view of point is that delivery of cargo without original bills of lading has the character of breaching of the contract, because releasing cargo against original bills of lading is carrier ' s legal liability in carrying out the carriage of goods by sea. also it has the character of action in tort, as if the actions violate the civil law of liability in tort, the doer shall take on the liability of compensation. however when actions are both of breach and in tort, the chinese law gives the victim the rights to choose to sue in tort or of breach, but some limitations in applying substantive law

    第二章論述無單放貨的法律性質，筆者認為，無單放貨具有違約性，因為保證憑正本提單交付貨物是承運人在履行海上貨物運輸合同中的一項法定義務；無單放貨具有侵權性，只要無單放貨行為構成承擔侵權行為民事責任的要件，無單放貨行為人就必須承擔賠償責任；同時，無單放貨的違約性和侵權性可能構成責任競合時，我國法律允許受害人可以選擇一個訴因行使其請求權，但對實體法請求權的選擇，法律作出了一定范圍的限制；最後，無單放貨在某種程度上促進了航運業的發展，我們不能一概加以否定，無單放貨在特定情況下具有一定的合理性。
  11. From the common view that shipper can discharge his burden of proof by proving goods received in good condition and deiivered damaged, this author argues that the obi igation of the carrier is to deliver goods in condition received and in time by anaiyzi ng the reiationship between " goods received i n good condition and dei ivered damaged ) " and the " basic obiigations " ot the carrier

    本章以貨方通過證明貨物「交好返壞」即完成舉證責任為根本出發點，通過分析「交好返壞」這一事實和船舶適航、管理貨物等「基本義務」之間的關系，提出完好地、及時地將貨物運抵目的地，交付給收貨人是承運人在合同中承擔主要義務。
  12. For example, when responsibility begins " at " loading, the relations between stowage and seaworthy, the content of each obligation of carry, keep and care for, the exact meaning of delivery, and so on

    例如裝載開始的時間，積載與船舶適航的關系，運輸、保管、照料義務各自包含的內容，交付的確切含義等等。
  13. After that the authqr argues that the carrier ' 5 fault is embodied by omission in taking necessary measures required to discharge the carrier ' s obiigation, and the measures include to exercise due di l igence to make the ship seaworthy. the author also discuss how to prove fauit of the carrier by anaiyze the reiationship between fauit and exemption ciause and the basis for the carrier ' s responsibil ity for the ioss caused by his servant, agent and independent contractor

    接著，根據承運人的完好及時交付貨物的義務，提出承運人的過錯表現為沒有為完好交付貨物採取善良管理人應當採取的措施，具體表現為沒有採取適當措施使船舶適航等，並通過分析過錯和免責事由之間關系，討論了過錯的證明問題。
  14. Carrier shall bear the burden of proof if he assists that he has implemented the seaworthy obligations

    承運人慾主張其履行了適航義務，須承擔適航的舉證責任。
  15. Chapter one mainly formulates whether the nature of sailing date notice is quotation or invitation to quotation, whether booking is confirmation or quotation based on that the process of concluding a contract in the " law on contracts ", i. e., quotation and confirmation enlightens the marine transportation contract conclusion ; through analyzing the process of concluding liner transportation contract and voyage chartering contract, tries to find out the concluding rules to marine goods transportation contract so as to supply theoretical and legal evidences to better understand the effect of concluding marine transportation contract ; determines the contractual rights and obligations of both parties in the marine goods transportation contract through analyzing the rescission and suspension of marine goods transportation contract

    第一章從《合同法》中關于合同訂立過程（即要約與承諾）對海上貨物運輸合同訂立的啟示，主要論述船期公告的性質是要約還是要約邀請，訂艙是承諾還是要約，通過對班輪運輸合同和航次租船合同訂立過程的分析，試圖找出海上貨物運輸合同的訂立規則，為更好地理解海上貨物運輸合同成立的效力提供理論和法律依據。通過對海上貨物運輸合同解除和中止的分析，來確定海上貨物運輸合同中合同雙方的契約權利和義務。
  16. Article 95 where the holder of the bill of lading is not the charterer in the case of a bill of lading issued under a voyage charter, the rights and obligations of the carrier and the holder of the bill of lading shall be governed by the clauses of the bill of lading

    第九十五條對按照航次租船合同運輸的貨物簽發的提單，提單持有人不是承租人的，承運人與該提單持有人之間的權利、義務關系適用提單的約定。
  17. Studying on general law principle, up - date views in maritime circle as well as the shipping practice, the article is written to research the possibility and reality of the second shipper and offers own opinion on its role in contract of carriage of goods by sea, trying to achieve better understanding on law application towards this issue, hoping to find out the true profile of law which could smooth the practice

    本文通過一般法律原則，現有的海商法理論以及航運業務的實踐來論證第二種托運人現象的可能性和現實性，並就此提出了自己的看法，著重解決第二種托運人的法律適用問題，分析了法律適用時必須在航運業務中予以澄清的若干問題。試圖通過這一思考過程，能對《海商法》的定義有更清晰的認識，並希望以此減少一些在實際業務中對相關問題的困惑。
  18. In any event, subject to 1. above and any applicable limitation under the warsaw convention or under cpa s conditions of travel, the liability of cplp and or cpa in contract, tort or otherwise with respect to any claim arising in respect of acts or omissions in operating the club shall be limited to the value of the ticket being used by the member in connection with which the matter arises or hkd10, 000 whichever is greater. cplp will endeavour to ensure the availability of services of the club when these are provided by partners but will not be liable for any loss arising from the failure by partners to provide such services

    在任何情況下，於前述第1段及華沙協定有關民航損失賠償之多邊協定或國泰航空之旅遊守則所訂定予國泰常客計劃之義務，及或國泰航空之契約民事侵犯或侵害，或在不同情況之下的責任限制，如遇有任何因本會運作之行為或錯漏而提出之索償，本會只限於根據有關事件，補發會員于購買該機票所付之總金額或10 ， 000港元以較高者為準。
  19. Captain, the crew, the harbor pilot or carrier ' s employment personnel, or manages in the ships in the navigation the behavior, the negligence or does not fulfill the duty

    船長、船員、引水員或承運人的雇傭人員，在航行或管理船舶中的行為、疏忽或不履行義務。
  20. It refers to the action of one party or several parties, in the course of international trade or shipping, improperly and illegally obtaining money, goods ( including ships ) from the other party under the cover of carrying out the designated obligation of trading, transportation and financing

    它是指在國際貿易航運過程中，一方或幾方當事人根據其從表面上為另一方當事人履行的特定貿易、運輸和財務義務而不正當地、非法地從另一方當事人那裡獲取金錢、貨物（包括船舶）的行為。
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