航運證 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [hángyùnzhèng]
航運證 英文
shinavicert
  • 航 : Ⅰ名詞（船） boat; shipⅡ動詞（航行） navigate （by water or air）; sail
  • 運 : Ⅰ動詞1 （物體位置不斷變化） move; revolve 2 （搬運; 運輸） carry; transport 3 （運用） use; wield...
  • 證 : Ⅰ動詞（證明） prove; verify; demonstrate Ⅱ名詞1 （證據） evidence; proof; testimony; witness 2 （...
  • 航運 : shipping航運保險 shipping insurance; 航運表 sailing list; 航運艙單 shipping manifest; 航運法 law ...
  1. This thesis is planed to analyze and demonstrate this obligation in detail, and tries to clarify the issues below : 1, the differences in the obligation standards among the carrier, the common carrier and the bailee, and the differences in the obligation standards between care of cargo and making the ship seaworthy ; 2, combined with the cases and shipping practice, solving the problems which is produced in fulfilling the obligation ; 3, with the principle of law, analyzing the character of the responsibility which should assume when the care of cargo obligation is breached ; 4, introducing the provisions about care o f cargo obligation in preliminary draft instrument on the carriage of goods by sea and expressing my opinions

    本文擬對這一義務進行詳細的分析和論證，試圖闡明以下幾個方面的問題： 1 、承運人管貨義務所要求的「妥善和謹慎」的標準與公共承運人、託管人管貨義務的標準的區別，與承運人適航義務的標準「克盡職責」的區別； 2 、結合有關案例和航運實務，分析該條文字面所表述的管貨義務的各個環節在實際運用中的相關問題； 3 、從法理的角度分析違反管貨義務所應承擔的責任的性質； 4 、介紹正在制訂的《海上貨物運輸法》 （草案）中關于承運人管貨義務的規定，並提出自己的意見。
  2. From the point of the roles of both the active and negative aspects of the objective rational, this article adopts the theory of law positivism and the method of law economy analysis to discuss the roles and limitation of the meaning of the intention components of causality and the ultimate aim of the objective rational, and the internal economy principles or rules of the shipping economy and trade deduced from the shipping facts and the benthamism, the most avail of the most majority nations, the maximum of the whole avail of both the ship interests and the cargo interests, and the protection and promotion of the development of the shipping economy in the legislation area of the basis of liability of the carriers

    摘要從目的理性在消極方面和積極方面作用角度出發，運用法律實證主義理論和法律經濟分析方法，論述了因果方面的目的成分的意義、目的理性的終極目的，以及從航運事實和功利主義所引出的航運經濟與貿易內在經濟法則或規律，最大多數國家的最大效用、船貨雙方整體效用最大化與促進保護航運經濟發展，在承運人責任基礎立法領域中的作用與局限性。
  3. The ultimate aim is to create a fully electronic environment which offers an alternative to the documents in use for international trade., . as long as our country is concerned, althrough we have set down some laws on e - commerce security, there are a lot of problems for us to solve

    三是bolero系統意圖建立一個電子交易社區，通過身份認證，建立社區成員間的信任關系，保證成員間的電子商務能夠得到順利進行，具有較強的安全性和獨立性，我國具備條件的外貿和航運企業可以考慮加入。
  4. Discussion topics on the flight standards field will include the application procedures for air operator s certificate, flight crew licensing, and the safety of extended range operations

    飛行標準方面的議題則包括營運證的申請程序，航空人員執照的簽發，以及長途延程操作飛機之安全。
  5. But others might see virgin america ' s hard - won certification more as a demonstration of the high barriers to entry in america than as proof of their erosion

    但是其他人可能認為維京航空為獲得許可費盡周折，非但說明不了美國對航運的限制在減少，而且恰恰證實了該領域進入門檻之高。
  6. The paper recites the development, current situation of the ship maneuvering simulator and advantage of the ship maneuvering simulator to demonstrate the designs of harbor and fairway, mainly analyzes the application prospect of the ship maneuvering simulator for the demonstration of the designs of harbor and fairway, which points out a direction for the application of our country " s ship maneuvering simulator. on top of it, author combining a material application example " simulation for assessing the navigation capacity of sutong changjiang road bridge " that author took part in to simulate personally, depicts the whole steps about applying the ship maneuvering simulator to demonstrate the designs of harbor and fairway, which proves the great advantage of the ship maneuvering simulator for the demonstration of the designs of harbor and fairway, then discusses the steps and ways about applying the ship maneuvering simulator to demonstrate the designs of harbor and fairway

    本文從船舶操縱模擬器的發展、應用現狀著手，依託船舶操縱模擬器在港航設計論證上的應用優勢，重點論述了船舶操縱模擬器在我國港航設計論證上的應用前景，為我國的船舶操縱模擬器的應用研究指明了方向；緊接著結合作者參加的具體的港航論證項目「蘇通長江公路大橋船舶通航論證模擬」 ，敘述了運用船舶操縱模擬器進行港航設計論證的整個具體流程，用實例證明了運用船舶操縱模擬器進行港航設計論證的巨大優勢；在此基礎上，探討了運用船舶操縱模擬器進行港航設計論證的具體步驟與方法。
  7. The author maintains that the shipping corporations in china should attach more importance to the problem of relevant corporation, that corporate personality can be negated under certain conditions to make sure the controlling corporation assume its liability to its creditors, thus strengthening the protection for the creditors. the author also holds that procedure law should be consistent with substantive law and only if problems such as the qualified subject and burden of adducing evidence etc. are clarified, equity can be really achieved

    筆者認為，當今航運企業應當正視關聯企業的問題；在一定的條件下可以對公司的法人格進行否定，以使控制公司承擔對債權人的債務，加大對債權人的保護力度；同時，程序法也應當同實體法相統一，只有明確適格的主體和舉證責任等問題，才能實現真正的公平。
  8. Tax payment evidence ( i. e. original air ticket original helicopter ticket which indicates that hong kong apdt has been paid )

    繳稅證據正本即航空公司直升機航運公司發出的機票正本，證明已繳付香港飛機乘客離境稅
  9. The facts prove that wewins is a successful high efficient system and stands on a leading position among the china - korea car ferry shipping companies

    實踐證明，威東航運信息系統是一個成功高效的系統，在中韓客貨運輸企業中開創了先例。
  10. China classification society ( ccs ) is a technical organization whose objective is to provide services for the shipping of the world, as well as marine insurance

    中國船級社（ ccs ）是一個技術服務性組織，主要給世界航運業和保險業提供公證性技術檢驗服務。
  11. Although domestic container transportation have developing many years, the speed is slow and have a lot of problems, such as government department microscopically regulate force is not enough ; the improvements of all kinds of company are very impartment and instance. in the first chapter of this paper, we made an analysis to the origination and the general situation of the development of domestic coastal container liner shipping, made a deep research on the details of this market, especially on the dominating shipping company and harbor company. there ' re also detailed introduction about how these companies managed in the market at chapter 3. in chapter 4 is the analysis of problems exists in our domestic coastal container liner shipping market, which involve the problem on management, cooperation, price setting

    本文首先介紹了內貿集裝箱運輸發展的歷史進程、現狀及發展趨勢，概述了沿海內貿集裝箱的發展歷史及國外內貿集裝箱發展狀況；接著通過宏觀經濟環境、貨種、船公司、港口等因素對沿海內貿集裝箱運輸進行了分析，從外部環境到企業內部環境做了相應的研究和分析；接著深入分析了內貿集裝箱運輸存在的各種問題，包括主管部門、航運企業、港口企業以及相關行業在發展沿海內貿集裝箱運輸中的不足之處，緊接著對此提出了相應的措施和建議，希望對沿海內貿集裝箱運輸的發展提供參考；最後對某海運公司在發展沿海內貿集裝箱運輸做了實證分析。
  12. Reliability assessment of xi - luo - du underground water - power plant : the results have been used by the cheng - du surveying, design and research institute for the preliminary design ; （ 2 ） the stress and strain analysis for the xiao - guan - zi sluice and its foundation : the report has been applied for the reinforcement of the foundation ; （ 3 ） the thermal control procedure for the no. 7 - 14 power plant dam segments of the three gorge project ： the research report provides the effective and efficient methods for the controlling of the temperature field in the mass concrete structure ; （ 4 ） the software system development for the long - term monitoring for dikes ： the software can automatically give the results of the seepage field and the probability of soil piping of dikes and underground ; （ 5 ） reliability assessment of xiang - jia - ba underground water - power plant : the results have been used by the zhong - nan surveying, design and research institute for the preliminary design ； （ 6 ） fatigue reliability estimation of shipping berthing pillar : the results give the optimized design scheme and prediction of the structural age ; （ 7 ） 3 - d static and dynamic stochastic finite element analysis for the strength, stability and thermal control problem for xi - luo - du project

    溪洛渡水電站超大型地下洞室群圍巖穩定的安全可靠性分析：被成都勘測設計研究院應用於比選報告及可行性論證中； （ 2 ）小關子水電站攔河閘壩及地基的應力應變分析：被成都勘測設計研究院應用於地基加固處理方案； （ 3 ）三峽廠房7 # - 14 #壩段溫控並縫措施研究：為廠房壩段並縫方案的可行性提供了依據； （ 4 ）堤防工程體系的長期監控預報預警決策系統開發：為監控、預測預報堤防滲漏管涌破壞提供分析軟體； （ 5 ）向家壩地下洞室群圍巖穩定的安全可靠性分析：被中南勘測設計研究院應用於初步設計方案中； （ 6 ）靠船墩的疲勞可靠度研究：為廣東航運規劃設計院的靠船墩優化設計和加固提供依據； （ 7 ）溪洛渡高拱壩壩體壩基（壩肩）強度和穩定的三維靜動力隨機有限元分析及可靠度計算：為溪洛渡重大工程壩體的靜動力安全穩定性及溫控方案提供依據。
  13. Practice on conventional marine countries has proved secondary registry is a effective system of ocean shipping, which do good deal with the safety of life on the sea, the economic development of shipping, the protection of the environment of sea, and so on

    眾多傳統海運國家的實踐證明，第二船籍登記制度有效解決了航運經濟發展、海上人命和財產安全、海洋環境保護等問題，緩解了方便旗對傳統海運國家的沖擊。
  14. The structure and framework of this paper set out in the order of burden of proof in marine cargo claim, focusing on the substantial points laid down above which need to be proved. the detailed discussion and analysis keep in line with the questions of " who bear the burden of proof ? when does the burden of proof occur

    第三部分首先是對在海商法方面，對國際航運最具影響的國際公約《海牙規則凡《海牙威斯比規則》及《漢堡規則》下舉證責任問題的分析，比較了《規則》對各項實體事實的條文規定的異同，並通過各國判例的比較，進一步分析各國司法實踐中在適用各個國際公約對案件進行審理時所採的態度之異同。
  15. Writer ' s view of point is that delivery of cargo without original bills of lading has the character of breaching of the contract, because releasing cargo against original bills of lading is carrier ' s legal liability in carrying out the carriage of goods by sea. also it has the character of action in tort, as if the actions violate the civil law of liability in tort, the doer shall take on the liability of compensation. however when actions are both of breach and in tort, the chinese law gives the victim the rights to choose to sue in tort or of breach, but some limitations in applying substantive law

    第二章論述無單放貨的法律性質，筆者認為，無單放貨具有違約性，因為保證憑正本提單交付貨物是承運人在履行海上貨物運輸合同中的一項法定義務；無單放貨具有侵權性，只要無單放貨行為構成承擔侵權行為民事責任的要件，無單放貨行為人就必須承擔賠償責任；同時，無單放貨的違約性和侵權性可能構成責任競合時，我國法律允許受害人可以選擇一個訴因行使其請求權，但對實體法請求權的選擇，法律作出了一定范圍的限制；最後，無單放貨在某種程度上促進了航運業的發展，我們不能一概加以否定，無單放貨在特定情況下具有一定的合理性。
  16. The positive is that as a substitute of old channel or a part of the new channel shiplock maintains the continuation of channel and makes possible the channel free from navigational obstruction and waterway transportation progress. the negative is that shiplock at the same time brings some problems to waterway transportation, such as the long time passing through shiplock, the piling up of vessels, making less other ' s benefits and making more other ' s costs, making conditions and forms of transportation change, making more complicated the waterway transportation safety management and navigation order keeping, and adding up transportation costs

    在經濟學意義上，船閘具有正負外部性，正的外部性為，船閘作為原航道的替代物或新航道的一部分，保證了航道的連續性，為保證航道暢通、航運發展提供了可能；負的外部性為，船閘同時給航運帶來了一些問題，如船舶過閘時間長、船舶積壓，引起他人效用的減少和成本增加，以及運輸組織條件、方式改變，使水上交通安全管理和船舶航行秩序維護更加復雜，增加運輸成本。
  17. The resolution not only constitutes temporary criterio n to ship ' s maneuverability, but also puts forward to adopting math model to prediction of computer calculation in design phase. in addition, with development of the inland river shipping project, the scale of the inland river ship and fleet becomes more and more huge, especially for those hvge fleet which can be look on as corpulent ship with shallow draught. to ensure the security of the navigation, the special maneuverability is needed for them to passing through the bridge safely

    該決議在制定了船舶操縱性標準的同時，還提出在設計階段可採用數學模型進行計算機模擬預報來作為驗證符合標準的依據。另外，隨著內河航運事業的發展，內河船舶和分節頂推船隊的規模越來越大，特別是編隊龐大的頂推船隊，可以視為淺吃水的肥大船型，為保證航行安全，特別是順利通過大橋，對其操縱性也有特殊的要求。
  18. Based on the 3c evaluation model and index system, a model of evaluating the competitiveness of international shipping enterprises is etablished by adopting fuzzy - evaluation method and " 1 ~ 9 the former, 10 / 10 - 18 / 2 the latter " to identify weight. 15 international liner companies are selected for positive research on the basis of availability of information, and the results of which are accepted by relevant enterprises and specialists

    摘要在提出國際航運企業競爭力3c評價模式及評價指標體系的基礎上，運用模糊綜合評價方法，並採用「前端用1 ~ 9標度操作，後端用10 / 10 ~ 18 / 2標度計算」確定權重集，構建了國際航運企業競爭力綜合評價模型，結合數據的可獲性，選取了巧家國際班輪公司，展開企業競爭力的實證研究，並得出了企業與專家認同的結論。
  19. On the other hand, with the development of the inland river shipping, the scale of the inland river ship and fleet become more and more huge, especially for those huge fleet which can be look on as corpulent ship with shallow draught. to ensure the security of the navigation, the special maneuverability is needed for them to passing through the bridge safely

    另外，隨著內河航運事業的發展，內河船舶和分節頂推船隊的規模越來越大，特別是編隊龐大的頂推船隊，可以視為淺吃水的肥大船型，為保證航行安全，特別是順利通過大橋，對其操縱性也有特殊的要求。
  20. Basing on the researches on the bottleneck in developing the international shipping center of shanghai ( iscs ), further prove that the type of new location plan of iscsh should be " center with two wings "

    研究了上海國際航運中心發展的瓶頸制約，對內研究組合港的發展，對外研究競爭港的挑戰，進一步論證上海國際航運中心新港址方案為「中心兩翼」型。
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