Based on the situation of demand exceeds supply in the market, the author would like to find out the constraints of the water chestnut development by use of pra ( participatory rural appraisal ) in a survey to carry out stakeholder analysis including the water chestnut farmers, government and processing companies. also, the author applied a tool of system theory to analyze the constraints of water chestnut plant production development. the results are as following : the study shows that a main factor that restricts the plant yield ( per unit yield ) and quality ( product quality ) of water chestnut is the low level of prevention and control of water chestnut culms damping - off ; a disease of the water chestnut
針對賀州市
荸薺產業發展中的「銷大於產」的突出矛盾，筆者通過運用pra （參與式農村評估）方法，對
荸薺種植區的農戶、政府機構、加工流通企業等進行了調查研究，並運用系統科學的方法對
荸薺種植系統的不同組成因子的制約因素進行分析，得出研究結論如下：農戶對
荸薺稈枯病害的綜合防治水平偏低，制約其
荸薺種植的產量（單產）和質量（商品質量） 。
Rinse the tripe, score with crisscross cuts then slice
蝦仁肥肉
荸薺剁成末，加濕澱粉調料拌勻。
Rules of inspection of quick frozen vegetables for export. water chestnuts
出口速凍蔬菜檢驗規程.
荸薺
Water chestnut type sugar coating machine
荸薺式包衣機
Mix ground pork, chopped shrimp, and seasonings until well blended
將蝦肉絞豬肉及
荸薺末加入調味料拌勻。
Experiment on the line - haul of biqizhong chinese waxmyrtle
荸薺種楊梅長途運輸試驗
Cut three times crosswise. put into a stewing earthen bowl with the backside down. pile the ham slices and mushrooms on the chicken
將豬裡脊的背脊骨跺去大半，切片，用刀背橫直捶打3遍，切成帶骨肉條，
荸薺切片
Effect of different condition of water on quality of eleocharis tuberosa
不同水分條件對
荸薺品質的影響
Dice the water chestnuts, mince the pork, add seasoning to make a filling
製法
荸薺切成碎丁，豬肉剁末，加調料製成餡。
Slice into pieces the bamboo shoots, ham and chicken. dice the water chestnuts
冬筍火腿雞肉切片，
荸薺切丁，蓮子去芯
Canned water chestnuts
清水
荸薺罐頭
Cut the mushrooms, shrimps and water chestnuts into shreds, add to the squid mash and squeeze into balls
魷魚制茸，加調料攪勻;冬菇，海米
荸薺切成細末放入魚茸製成魚茸糊
To make the filling dice the scallops, sea cucumbers, mushrooms, winter bamboo shoots, pork, and water chestnuts, scald together with fresh shrimps and drain
製法干貝海參口蘑冬筍肥瘦肉
荸薺火腿切丁，同蝦仁一焯水控干
Cut one slice from the bean curd to serve as a lid, remove the insides of the bean curd, fill the hollow with filling, place the lid over the filling
干貝海參口蘑冬筍肥瘦肉
荸薺火腿切丁，同蝦仁一焯水控干加料酒，精鹽腌漬肘子切片
Bone the chicken meat, cut into a fan - like pattern, score criss - cross cuts on the chicken breast, add cooking wine and salt, leave for 3 minutes. coat with egg white, then with bread crumbs
蝦仁一切兩段，海參
荸薺冬菇火腿切丁，焯水控干后再裝盤，加調料腌5分鐘，再加蛋清澱粉調均制餡
Dice the sea cucumbers, water chestnuts, dried mushrooms and ham, scald, drain and transfer to a plate, add seasoning, leave for 5 minutes, then add eggwhite, cornstarch, stir well to make the filling
冬菇
荸薺火腿豬油網適量製法蝦仁一切兩段，海參
荸薺冬菇火腿切丁，焯水控干后再裝盤，加調料腌5分鐘，再加蛋清澱粉調均制餡
Mash the fish meat and pork fat with egg white, soup stock and seasoning to make a fish paste. make 1 4 of the fish paste into a round on an oiled plate, trace long, in the fish paste with the mashed green beans. add the diced sea cucumbers, water chestnuts, minced shrimps to the rest of the fish paste, roll into balls, coat the balls with duck shreds, steam for 10 minutes
鴨脯切成絲海參
荸薺切成丁海米切末，毛豆焯水制茸，加蛋清調勻鱖魚肉，肥肉膘制茸，加蛋清高湯調料攪成魚料，取1 4攤在抹了油的盤子劃成圓形，劃成「無」字，填入豆泥其餘加入海參，
荸薺海米拌勻，製成丸子，蘸勻脯絲，蒸10分鐘，將鴨絲丸放缽體內。
Finally, some recommendations were put forward by author for further development of water chestnut plant production in hezhou prefecture
在制約因素分析的基礎上，本論文最後提出了關于改善賀州市
荸薺種植產業發展的建議。
The result shows that the main reason that restricts the development of water chestnut plant production in hezhou prefecture is that the farmers are lack of integrated cultivation technologies and management skills of water chestnut production with high yielded and high qualification
因此，農戶缺乏荸薺優質高產栽培管理綜合技術，通過影響荸薺種植業的單產、質量、經濟效益和種植面積而制約荸薺種植系統的總產出，這是制約賀州市荸薺種植業發展的最主要因素。
