In this study, the stem segments of new shoot with axillary buds of well - growth tetraploid black locust trees were used as explants. the effects of different basic mediums, different hormone kinds and their concentrations ratios, different sucrose concentrations on calli induction, buds differentiation and rooting in the process of establishment of high frequency regeneration system of tetraploid black locust were studied. on the base of high frequency regeneration system, the effects of various factors on transformation efficiency of badh mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens were discussed in the light of gus histochemical assays
本實驗首先以生長良好的四倍體刺槐優株上當年生新梢的帶腋芽
莖段為外植體，研究了在四倍體刺槐高頻再生體系的建立過程中不同
基本培養
基、不同激素濃度及其配比、不同蔗糖濃度對愈傷組織的誘導、芽的分化及生根的影響；然後在得到高頻再生體系的
基礎上，通過農桿菌介導法轉化甜菜堿醛脫氫酶（ badh ）
基因，以gus染色組織分析為依據探討了影響轉化效率的各種因素，建立了高效、可重復的
基因轉化體系，為四倍體刺槐目的
基因的導入打下了
基礎。
Yellow - green or yellow chlorosis or brown necrosis in basal areas of older and expanding leaves ; margins curled downwards and leaf expansion irregular and suppressed ; chlorosis and necrosis spreading into interveinal areas of older leaves ; youngest leaves distorted, necrotic and failing to expand ; petioles truncated ; death of stem growing point
西葫蘆缺硼:老葉和正展開葉的
基部黃綠色或黃化或變褐壞死，邊緣向下捲曲和葉片展開不規則和抑制，色斑和壞死斑散布在老葉葉脈間，心葉扭歪、壞死、無法展開，
莖生長點枯死
The second leaf takes place at the basal part of the first leaf and originates from the shoot apex cells when the first leaf pierces the calyptra
第一葉突出帽狀體之後，由第一葉
基部保留下來的
莖干頂端細胞產生第二葉。
Clonal propagation of plants by runners is based on meristematic activity of the differentiated cells of the plants.
植物通過長匐
莖的無性繁殖
基於植株分化細胞的分生活性
With 24 c or 4 c, the change trends of the content of the salidroside was basically consentaneous in the consecutive cultural eras of the callus. in the callus from the different explants, the influence was maximal to the the activity of pal enzyme and the influence was lowest to the the activity of ca4h enzyme, and the influence to the the activity of tal enzyme was ascertained according to the explant of the callus. so in the same explant with the different temperature or in the different explant with the same temperature, there was no incident between the content of the salidroside and the activity of enzymes pal, ca4h and tal, and we presumed that there may be emphasized particularly on different metabolic pathway of salidroside
（ 2 ） 、愈傷組織的外植體來源、培養溫度條件和不同的繼代培養數都影響著其中紅景天甙的含量和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（ pal ） 、肉桂酸解氨酶（ ca4h ）和酪氨酸解氨酶（ tal ）這3種酶的活性；不管是葉來源還是
莖來源，不管是24培養還是4培養的愈傷組織，在連續繼代培養中紅景天甙含量的變化趨勢
基本上是一致的；無論是葉來源的愈傷組織還是
莖來源的愈傷組織，培養溫度對pal酶的酶活性影響最大，對ca4h酶的酶活性影響最小，對tal酶的酶活性影響視不同的外植體來源而定；在相同外植體來源的愈傷組織中及不同的培養溫度的條件下，或是在不同外植體來源的愈傷組織中及相同溫度的培養條件下，其紅景天甙含量與pal酶、 ca4h酶和tal酶的酶活性之間沒有完全一致的對應伴隨關系。
The result indicated that the growth of root system of cyclamen persicum was evidently enhanced and increased top diameter and corm scale by way of complex substrate
結果表明，復合
基質顯著促進了仙客來根系的生長，增加了冠徑和球
莖大小。
Semiquantitative analysis of lignin content in the culm by confocal laser scanning microscopy ( clsm ) showed that lignin contents are elevated in lodging - resistant varieties and this together with the anatomical features may provide higher culm strength resulting in increased lodging - resistance
因此，在超高產小麥品種的選育上，重視外源
基因的引進，改進
莖稈的結構特性及提高其木質素含量，可能是一個重要的選育方向。
Selection of adaptive culture medium for swe stem apexetpotato
甘薯
莖尖培養的適宜培養
基篩選
The growth effect of protocorm - like body germinated from seeds of cymbidium hybridum on different medium
大花蕙蘭種子萌發的原球
莖在不同培養
基上的生長效研究
But cluster buds can not be obtained from the callus of stems and embryo. it has likely relate to the inner structure of callus. lt is very difficult to get embryoid from mature embryo and its inducing rate is very low, and only 11. 5 % in the media containing n6 + ba 1. 5mg / l + naa 0. 5mg / l + sucrose 30g / l + agar 8g / l + ac 2g / l which is the best media for gingo tissue culture
而
莖段和胚誘導的愈傷組織
基本上沒有叢生芽發生，這可能和不同愈傷組織的內部結構有關。成熟胚的胚狀體誘導率較低，誘導相當困難，在n6 bai
Leaves crowded near apex of the trunk, spirally arranged ; stipes dark brown, with sharp spines ; lamina large, oblong, tripinnate ; pinnae 17 - 20 pairs, alternate, longest one to 60 cm long, the basal one reduced ; rachis short - spiny ; pinnules 18 - 20 pairs, sessile or nearly so, lanceolate, to 10 cm long and 2. 5 cm wide, divided almost to the costa ; segments more or less falcate, toothed
葉螺旋狀排列，聚生於
莖端；葉柄棕色，具銳刺；葉片大，長矩圓形，三回羽狀深裂；羽片17 - 20對，互生，最大的長達60厘米，
基部一對縮短，羽軸有短刺；小羽片18 - 20對，無柄或近於無柄，披針形，長達10厘米，寬2 . 5厘米，深裂幾達中脈；末回裂片多少鐮狀，有齒。
In recent years, the water - saving and control irrigation technique of rice has diverted from plot experimental and demonstration to lare scale. and has got remarkable economic and social benefits. amed at the characteristics of this irrigation area, optimal selection for water - saving techniques of rice, deciding the amout of leaching water and irrigation modles, investigating the adaptability of the water - saving and control irrigation technique in saline land. studying the increase in production mechanism of the technique are important to extend the technique, to better and develop saline land as well as slick spots. according to the results of field experiments, optimization study was conducted on the water - saving irrigation technique of rice in saline land, the effects of different water - saving irrigation techniques on the physiological indexes and yield of rice were systematically analyzed. by using mutiplepurpose fuzzy optimization method, better. water - saving irrigation technique was selector out, that is. the control irrigation technique in rice. the mechanism of it was analyzed from the aspect of the physiological and ecological saving water of rice to provide the implemental process and technical point ; throgh the quantitive analysis and comparision on control irrigation and control class ( flood irrigation ), high production and quality mechanism of the technique was analyzed in terms of physiology indexes of rice, the variation of soil moisture, the pest resistance and the lodge resistance, the change of soil temperature in paddy fields. the yield constitutive factors, the quality of rice and so on. in saline land. control irrigation and intermittent leaching modles were adopted to validate the adaptability of the technique in irrigation of rice in saline land, to analyze rice ' s physiological - ecological indexes and the change of soil salt content under the conditions of control irrigation leaching of rice and and to provide control irrigation and combined modle of intermittent leaching to adapt to different conditions
本文從試驗及試驗資料入手，取得以下主要成果和結論：對鹽堿地水稻節水灌溉技術進行優化研究，系統地分析了不同節水灌溉技術對水稻生理指標及產量的影響，採用了多目標模糊優化的方法，對灌水技術進行綜合評判，優選了節水灌溉技術，論證該地區宜採用水稻控制灌溉技術；闡述控灌技術通過調節和控制水稻的需水規律，降低水稻高產情況下的無效水量消耗，從水稻生理、生態節水兩方面分析了控灌技術節水機理，針對性地總結出水稻各生育期實施節水控灌技術的步驟及技術要點；通過控灌與淹灌的定量對照比較，從根系、
莖蘗、冠層葉片及綠葉動態到株高，土壤水分變化，抗病蟲害、抗倒伏能力，稻田土溫變化，產量構成因素及稻米品質等諸多方面進行動態比較，分析控灌技術高產優質機理；在鹽堿稻地採用控制灌溉+間歇淋洗模式，跟蹤測試田間水鹽變化狀況，驗證控制灌溉技術在鹽堿地區水稻灌溉中應用的適應性，通過分析水稻控制灌溉淋洗條件下水稻生理生態指標，提出優化控制灌溉+間歇淋洗組合模式，為進一步在高礦化度地區試驗水稻控灌技術奠定
基礎。
Distribution and source of calcitonin gene - related peptide immunoreactive nerve terminal in prepuce of penis and frenulum of prepuce of rats
大鼠陰
莖包皮及包皮系帶內降鈣素
基因相關肽免疫陽性神經末梢的分佈與起源
Genet features and ramet population features in the rhizomatous grass species psammochloa villosa
根
莖禾草沙鞭的克隆
基株及分株種群特徵
Genet characters of hedysarum laeve and the characters of its ramet population in different habitats in mu us sandland
毛烏素沙地根
莖灌木羊柴的
基株特徵和不同生境中的分株種群特徵
So the clonal architecture of the two species was defined as guerilla pseudoaxis style. 3. clonal hierarchical selection models of l. virgaurea and l. sagitta included four hierarchies : clonal fragment, root of ramet, ramet and genet
黃帚橐吾和箭葉橐吾的克隆等級選擇模型包括克隆片斷（無效根狀
莖） ，分株根系和完整分株及
基株四個等級。
The morphological character analysis of d. versipeli indicates that there are some differences among populations : the color of stem bottom is purple in the sn population and the tp population, but green in the jx population and the em population ; both colors have been found in the tt population
八角蓮各居群之間存在一定地形態變異。 sn ， tp兩居群的莖基部顏色為紫紅色，而jx和em兩居群的為綠色， tt居群則兩種兼有。
