表面責任 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [biǎomiànzérèn]
表面責任 英文
prima liability
  • 表 : Ⅰ名詞1 （外面;外表） outside; surface; external 2 （中表親戚） the relationship between the child...
  • 面 : Ⅰ名詞1 （頭的前部; 臉） face 2 （物體的表面） surface; top 3 （外露的一層或正面） outside; the ri...
  • 責 : Ⅰ名詞（責任） duty; responsibility Ⅱ動詞1 （要求做成某事或行事達到一定標準） demand; ask for; req...
  • 任 : 任名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 表面 : surface; superficies; boundary; face; rind; sheet; skin; outside; appearance
  • 責任 : 1. （應做的事） duty; responsibility 2. （應承擔的過失） responsibility for a fault or wrong; blame
  1. This thesis is planed to analyze and demonstrate this obligation in detail, and tries to clarify the issues below : 1, the differences in the obligation standards among the carrier, the common carrier and the bailee, and the differences in the obligation standards between care of cargo and making the ship seaworthy ; 2, combined with the cases and shipping practice, solving the problems which is produced in fulfilling the obligation ; 3, with the principle of law, analyzing the character of the responsibility which should assume when the care of cargo obligation is breached ; 4, introducing the provisions about care o f cargo obligation in preliminary draft instrument on the carriage of goods by sea and expressing my opinions

    本文擬對這一義務進行詳細的分析和論證，試圖闡明以下幾個方面的問題： 1 、承運人管貨義務所要求的「妥善和謹慎」的標準與公共承運人、託管人管貨義務的標準的區別，與承運人適航義務的標準「克盡職責」的區別； 2 、結合有關案例和航運實務，分析該條文字面所表述的管貨義務的各個環節在實際運用中的相關問題； 3 、從法理的角度分析違反管貨義務所應承擔的責任的性質； 4 、介紹正在制訂的《海上貨物運輸法》 （草案）中關于承運人管貨義務的規定，並提出自己的意見。
  2. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  3. Being good at the accountancy manages, applying the electronics form of the word / excel masterly, acting towards people sincere, zeal, communicate an ability very strong, the ability is diligent, having strong sense of esponsibility with respect - work spirit, working dispassion, there is plan, orderly, energetic, attitude aggressive, naturally optimistic, self - confidence, be good at getting along with others, be good at study, self - educated ability and english to express an ability very strong, have a good organizational skill, the temperament is steady heavy, pick up person to need a thing etc. the aspect generous in proper form

    善於會計管理，熟練應用word / excel電子表格，待人誠懇，熱誠，溝通能力極強，能吃苦耐勞，具有強烈的責任感和敬業精神，做事冷靜，有計劃，有條理，精力充沛，態度積極，天生樂觀，自信，善於與他人相處，善於學習，自學能力和英語表達能力極強，具有良好的組織能力，性情穩重，接人待物等方面大方得體
  4. Being good at the accountancy manages, applying the electronics form of the word / excel masterly, acting towards people sincere, zeal, communicate an ability very strong, the ability is diligent, having strong sense of responsibility with respect - work spirit, working dispassion, there is plan, orderly, energetic, attitude aggressive, naturally optimistic, self - confidence, be good at getting along with others, be good at study, self - educated ability and english to express an ability very strong, have a good organizational skill, the temperament is steady heavy, pick up person to need a thing etc. the aspect generous in proper form

    主要從事會計，管理工作，熟練應用word / excel電子表格，待人誠懇，熱誠，溝通能力極強，能吃苦耐勞，具有強烈的責任感和敬業精神，做事冷靜，有計劃，有條理，精力充沛，態度積極，天生樂觀，自信，善於與他人相處，善於學習，自學能力和英語表達能力極強，具有良好的組織能力，性情穩重，接人待物等方面大方得體。
  5. For if he shall begin to fall into dotage, perspiration and nutrition and imagination and appetite, and whatever else there is of the kind, will not fail ; but the power of making use of ourselves, and filling up the measure of our duty, and clearly separating all appearances, and considering whether a man should now depart from life, and whatever else of the kind absolutely requires a disciplined reason, all this is already extinguished

    如果一個人開始走向衰老，他的排汗、營養、想象力和胃口以及其它類似的方面都還不會有問題；但自我奮斗的力量，高遠而強烈的責任感，對所有表象的清晰洞察，對一個人是否應該離開人世的思考，以及其它類似的絕對需要受過訓練的理性參與的活動，已然銷聲匿跡。
  6. When we had done this, we came back to our castle, and there i fell to work for my man friday ; and first of all, i gave him a pair of linnen drawers, which i had out of the poor gunners chest i mention d, and which i found in the wreck ; and which with a little alteration fitted him very well ; then i made him a jerkin of goat s - skin, as well as my skill would allow ; and i was now grown a tollerable good taylor ; and i gave him a cap, which i had made of a hare - skin, very convenient, and fashionable enough ; and thus he was cloath d for the present, tollerably well ; and was mighty well pleas d to see himself almost as well cloath d as his master : it is true, he went awkardly in these things at first ; wearing the drawers was very awkard to him, and the sleeves of the wastcoat gall d his shoulders, and the inside of his arms ; but a little easing them where he com plain d they hurt him, and using himself to them, at length he took to them very well

    這不由得使我經常想到，上帝對世事的安排，自有其天意，在其對自己所創造的萬物的治理中，一方面他剝奪了世界上許多生物的才幹和良知，另一方面，他照樣賦予他們與我們文明人同樣的能力，同樣的理性，同樣的感情，同樣的善心和責任感，也賦予他們同樣的嫉惡如仇的心理他們與我們一樣知道感恩圖報，誠懇待人，忠貞不渝，相互為善。而且，當上帝給他們機會表現這些才幹和良知時，他們和我們一樣，立即把上帝賦予他們的才幹和良知發揮出來做各種好事，甚至可以說比我們自己發揮得更充分。對此，我不能不感到驚訝。
  7. The main expressions are : the substantiality of value outlook, the thinness of social responsibility, university students are " extremely self - centred ", the poorness of social morality, the disconnection of cognition and behavior, materialization of job application and study initiative

    主要表現為：價值取向趨于實惠，社會責任感淡薄，自我意識彰顯，公德素養較差，認知與行為脫節，求職和學習目的功利化等等。大學生道德素質方面存在問題的原因是復雜的。
  8. In derivative suit, the articl e studied these issues : the parties, plaintiff ' s faith, right and obligation, demand requirement and the qualificatory request to plaintiff. security - for - expenses went gown very well with scholars, but the author does n ' t think so in view of actual facts in china

    在派生訴訟中，對當事人、前置程序、原告股東資格限制、對原告股東代表公正性的要求、原告股東的權利和責任等方面本文都一一討論並提出筆者自己的立法建議，但學者普遍接受的費用擔保制度筆者結合我國實際情況認為可暫不設立。
  9. The company was transformed from electroplating factory affiliated to shanghai jiangnan shipyard ( group ) co., ltd. that includes its electroplating workshop, shanghai jiangnan surface treatment factory and fengxian electrogalvanizing factory affiliated to shanghai jiangnan shipyard ( group ) co., ltd., so our 135 staff all came from these factories, in which 5 senior engineers and 15 specialized technical personnel, we boast of our outstanding technical ability, strong production capability, reliable reputation and sound credibility

    目前，公司經營業務和員工是由江南造船（集團）有限責任公司下屬電鍍分廠（電鍍車間；上海江南金屬表面處理廠；江南造船廠奉賢熱鍍鋅分廠）搬遷改制而成，現有員工135人，其中高級工程師5名，各類專業技術人員15名，公司具有出眾的技術能力和雄厚的生產實力，可靠的產品聲譽和優良的市場誠信度。
  10. Liability claims against the author, which refer to damage of a material or immaterial nature, which was caused by the use or non - use of the information supplied or by the use of faulty and incomplete information, are principally excluded, in as far as no evidently intentional or grossly negligent fault exists on the part of the author

    作者不保證現有內容的更新，更正，完整性及質量。由於應用本網站的信息或者本網站錯誤及不全面的信息引起的物質上和精神上的損失，而無證據表明存在故意誤導，作者不擔任責任。所有的產品供應都是自願的，不承擔義務。
  11. In 2002, the company was awarded as no. 8 of the " 20 tops of real estate developers in 2002 " by jinan development removal management office for its outstanding achievements in development investment, construction acreage, completed acreage and sold acreage. it won the laurel of " jinan real estate enterprise of famous brand in 2002 " for the solid strength and great fame of luneng brand. the company advocates the thoughts of people first and focusing on customers and makes a developer of social responsibility

    2002年度，公司因在開發投資額施工面積竣工面積和銷售面積的出色表現被濟南市開發拆遷管理辦公室授予「二二年度房地產開發企業20強」位列第八名「魯能」品牌的雄厚實力和家譽戶曉的知名度，使公司榮獲「二二年度濟南市地產品牌企業」的殊榮公司倡導人本思想一切以顧客為中心，做有社會責任感的開發商，深入人心的誠信經營更為公司贏得「濟南市民最信賴的房地產品牌公司」的美譽， 2002年公司成為濟南市房地產廣告協會理事單位。
  12. Then jurors do n ' t have independent legal positions, the formulations of jury system in the procedural law are confused. even worse, there are no formulations for jurors " qualification requirements terms, responsibility range, specific powers and jurors " treatments etc. at present, there are lots of discussion about the abolishment and preservation of chinese jury system. three pieces of attitude come up

    但我國陪審制度在立法和司法層面上存在諸多的缺陷，如現行立法對陪審制度的適用范圍規定的非常狹窄（僅適用於第一審程序） ，陪審員也沒有獨立的法律地位，陪審制度在三大訴訟法中的法律表述混亂不一，法律沒有對陪審員的資格條件、任期的長短、責任的大小、具體的職權、補助等問題作出相應的規定。
  13. The main scope of bcpa s business entrusted by the chinese - foreign joint ventures, the chinese - foreign contractual joint ventures, the foreign capital enterprises and other foreign economic organizations, big and medium sized state enterprises, share - holding companies with limited liability and companies with limited liability, to prepare feasibility s study and analysis for investment and development projects of enterprises ; to undertake assets valuation ; to verify the capital of enterprises ; to formulate accounting systems ; to design computerized program for accounting ; to keep accounts for clients ; to offer consultation service and prepare tax returns for clients ; to audit accounting statements for enterprises ; to audit statements of securities business ; to undertake the auditing work of enterprises in their merger, separation and liquidation ; to do the required auditing when the legal representative of an enterprise leaves his her post ; to serve as the standing accounting advisers for enterprises ; to help draft contracts, articles of association and economic documents ; to prepare analysis of economic activities and forecast of operating activities ; to train accounting financial management personnel and to examine evidences in economic cases, etc. by offering high efficiency, fine quality and comprehensive service and outstanding performance bcpa has gained the confidence o its clients and established good and stable and 3, 000 clients

    本所業務范圍主要是：接受中外合資中外合作外商獨資和其他外商經濟組織，以及國有大中型企業股份有限公司有限責任公司等的委託，為企業投資開發項目進行可行性研究分析承辦資產評估驗證企業資本設計會計制度編制會計電算程序代理記帳提供咨詢服務稅務代理服務受理企業會計報表審計證券業務審計企業合併分立清算事宜中的審計企業法人離任審計為企業承擔常年會計顧問協助擬定合同章程和經濟文件經濟活動分析和經營活動預測培訓會計財務管理人員以及鑒證經濟案件等項業務。本所以高效優質全面的服務，卓著的業績取得了廣大客戶的信任，與3000餘家客戶建立了良好的穩定的合作關系。
  14. The first cause is called a superficial cause, that is, the abolishment of the people " s commune is due to the popularization of the contracted responsibility system with remuneration linked to output in our country. the second cause is called a substantial cause, that is, the productive forces were seriously hindered by the people " s commune system

    一是表層方面的原因，即由於聯產承包責任制在全國范圍內普遍推廣；二是深層方面的原因，即由於人民公社體制嚴重阻礙了當時生產力的發展。本文強調指出，對公有制理論的僵化認識與高度集中的計劃經濟體制是促使最終取消人民公社的根本原因。
  15. Strength of character : the fortitude, modesty, sense of responsibility for the welfare of others, and other virtues that make it possible to actually live chastity - - which includes returning to chastity again after lapsing from it

    品質的力量：在他人福利面前表現出來的堅韌、謙遜以及責任心，以及切實促成貞潔生活的其它德行? ?包括迷途知返、重新回到貞潔的道路上來。
  16. The objective aspect of the crime behaves that during the medical treatment, the subject of the crime breaks the regulations concerning that and grossly neglects his duty, which causes death or severe harm to the health of the patient. the conviction of the causation in this crime is difficult and crucial

    就本罪客觀方面來看，該罪發生在醫療活動中，表現為犯罪主體違反有關醫療衛生法律、行政法規、部門規章、診療護理常規、有關習慣常理及醫德的嚴重不負責任的作為或不作為，並由此導致了就診人死亡或身體健康嚴重受損的實害結果。
  17. Through the study, we can see that on the one hand, in order to realize its supremacy strategy, the u. s. take advantage of the u. s - japan security alliance structure to demand that japan make a greater contribution to defense, and on the other hand, in order to make the u. s. - japan alliance ' s structure move effectively and carry out its own strategy, japan has been coping with the contradiction between its constitution and the u. s - japan security alliance structures, endeavoring to develop its defense policy and widen the range of the movement of its self - defense team

    第六個方面是日美在日本海外派兵問題上的摩擦，就日本如何在美國的「國際貢獻」和「責任分擔」的不斷要求下，在海外派兵問題上從禁止到猶豫不決、再到積極迎合美國的態度轉變過程進行了考察，並指出日本也在這一過程中逐步表現急欲成為政治大國和軍事大國的野心。通過對日美軍事同盟摩擦的歷史進行回顧之後，本文對對日美防務摩擦所產生的原因進行了考察，並認為影響日美同盟摩擦產生的三個因素是國家利益因素、國家戰略因素以及政治文化因素。
  18. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  19. The concrete contents include : one background : with the comparison with the western countries, our compulsory education displays a strong government - oriented behavior, which is the root of success and potential failures in our compulsory education two clues : in " ought to be " level, it is " local quasi - public goods - - polycentri supply " and in " be " level, " pure public goods - - monopolized supply by government " one theoretic judgment : the separation of manufacture and provide in compulsory education, which gives the chance for polycentri manufacture of compulsory education one center point : to stick to the main responsibilities of government in providing and managing the compulsory education three contents : subject ( which ? ) : local governments are the responsibilities subject of compulsory education substances ( what ? ) : to ensure the compulsory education ' s public good from the nature, and compulsory education ' s development abilities of the whole local government from the quantity measures ( how ? )

    具體內容有： ?一個背景：在中西方義務教育比較出的基本特徵中表現出的強烈的政府驅動，我國義務教育所取得的成績和所蘊涵的危機都在於此?兩條線索：理論應然層面上的「地方性的準公共產品? ?多中心供給」和實然層面上的「純公共產品? ?政府壟斷供給（單中心） 」 ?一個理論判斷：義務教育的生產與提供的分離? ?義務教育的多中心生產的可能性?一個中心：堅持政府在義務教育中責任的主要性? ?提供與管理?三項內容主體（哪一級政府） ：根據博奕理論，地方政府是我國義務教育的責任主體內容（負什麼責任） ：質上保證義務教育的公益性，量上保證各地方在義務教育發展力上的均衡措施（怎樣負責人通過政府間的轉移支付保證義務教育中的程序正義，通過義務教育的多中心生產，把「麵包做大」保證義務教育中的實質正義當然，在此對本文內容的區分梳理，只是一種思路的順序。
  20. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been met by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays ? not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it

    原譯文：企圖通過立法、經濟鼓勵以及友好的勸說來防止污染的努力結果是被訴諸法庭，個人及產業界的否認以及長期的拖延? ?不僅表現在承擔責任方面，更重要的是，還表現在他們做過的事情方面。
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