被操縱的市場 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [bèicāozōngdeshìchǎng]
被操縱的市場 英文
gray market
  • 被 : Ⅰ名詞1 （被子） quilt 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞[書面語]1 （復蓋） cover; spread 2 （遭受） suffe...
  • 操 : Ⅰ動詞1 （抓在手裡; 拿; 掌握） hold; grasp 2 （做; 從事） act; do; operate 3 （用某種語言、方言說...
  • 縱 : Ⅰ動詞1 （釋放; 放走） release; set free; let go 2 （放任; 不約束） indulge; give oneself up to; l...
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 市 : 同 「黻」[fú]
  • 場 : 場Ⅰ名詞1 （平坦的空地 多用來翻曬糧食 碾軋穀物） a level open space; threshing ground 2 [方言] （...
  • 操縱 : 1. （控制; 開動） operate; control; roll; steer 2. （支配;控制） rig; manipulate; govern
  1. The third part of this article mainly discusses the causal relationship in market manipulation, which is a block of the enforcement of the law against market fraudulences. because market manipulation is a kind of special tort, the author agree on the use of the " proof to the contrary " theory to lighten the proof burden of the damaged party in causal relationship. besides, this part also discusses such issues as how to decide the scope of legal plaintiffs, how to assess the losses of the damaged party

    本文第三部分「操縱市場的因果關系研究」從民法一般的因果關系理論入手，並結合操縱市場的侵權行為中因果關系的特殊性，論述了操縱市場的侵權行為中因果關系是否成立的判斷標準，並主張對因果關系在民事訴訟中舉證責任的分配應突破「法律要件分類說」的要求，適用因果關系舉證責任倒置的做法，即由操縱市場案件中的被告負擔證明責任成立因果關系不成立的舉證責任，否則即推定因果關系成立。
  2. So, it is important to prohibit or restrain market manipulation. in chapter 1, the author recommended the sorts of market manipulation

    然而，在證券市場被操縱的情況下，證券價格與真實價格相背離，價格波動異常。
  3. We should also pay attention to compensation for damages and learn from the u. s. and hong kong, which have rich experience in loss assessment and measures for compensation. although the securities law can not be revised right now, precedent in judicial practice and judicial interpretation are both helpful to improve civil compensation system. this papers, focusing on the establishment of civil compensation system in the securities market, include four main parts

    其中，在確定內幕交易損害賠償請求權主體時，應將其界定在內幕交易發生到該內幕信息公開之日買進或者賣出的所有投資者；在確定操縱市場損害賠償請求權主體時，也只應當限定在股價被操縱期間高買低賣的投資者。
  4. The contradicting causes include stabilization, transaction carried out by the infringed being aware of the act of rigging the market and force majesture

    抗辯事由包括合法的安定操作、被侵權人明知操縱市場行為而為交易和不可抗力三種。
  5. When big currencies fluctuate, it is vulnerable to speculative transactions that take little account of economic fundamentals

    當匯市大幅波動時，市場容易被投機交易所操縱，這些交易很少考慮經濟的基本因素。
  6. The latter is a theoretical innovation, it criticizes the given model in chinese securities market in which only get the csrc ' s affirmation of iniuria firstly can you claim for damages. then go to the causation, with several european countries as background, the author initially supposes we should adopt the " scope of the rule " theory to solve the causation problem of the liability on manipulations, thereof simplifying the abstract and complex speculation over the causation, merely by thinking through the scope and attempt of law can we judge itfinally, in dealing with damage measure, different from the prevailing method by which scholars often choose one way from three alternatives, those are " out - of - pocket " measure, " defendant ' s profit " measure and " plaintiff ' s loss " measure, the author advises a new appoach that fundamentally applying the first measure and supplementary applying the two measures else, it is expected to fairly settle the puzzling problem in damage measure

    在因果關系部分，本文以主要歐洲國家的因果法理為背景，開創性地提出採用法規目的說解決操縱市場行為責任范圍因果關系的問題，使抽象的因果推定回歸到僅依法規目的與意義考察的單純境界。最後在損害結果部分，與學界通常在「直接損失衡量法」 、 「被告獲利計演算法」以及「原告損失計演算法」中三選一的思維定式不同，提出以直接損失衡量法為原則並輔之以其餘二者的折衷解決方案，以期公平解決損害結果在計算上的難題。
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