認識上的制約 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [rènzhìshàngdezhìyāo]
認識上的制約 英文
cognitive limits
  • 認 : 動詞1 （認識; 分辨） recognize; know; make out; identify 2 （建立關系） enter into a certain rela...
  • 識 : 識Ⅰ動詞[書面語] （記） remember; commit to memory Ⅱ名詞1. [書面語] （記號） mark; sign 2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 上 : 上名詞[語言學] （指上聲） falling-rising tone
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 制 : Ⅰ動詞1 （製造） make; manufacture 2 （擬訂; 規定） draw up; establish 3 （用強力約束; 限定; 管束...
  • 約 : 約動詞[口語] （用秤稱） weigh
  • 認識 : 1 （認得; 相識） be familiar with; be aware of; know; understand; comprehend; recognize 2 [哲學] ...
  1. Based on the frequent occurrence of international aerial crimes, the rampancy and cruelty of criminals and the reality of brutal consequence, the essay analyses the features of the crime of aircraft hijacking, the crime of imperiling international civil aerial security and the crime of obstructing international aerial navigation with the component terms from three important international conventions on punishing aerial crimes in order to help people to appreciate the appearance and the essence of typical international aerial crimes deeply, to regard the motion of the crimes and to overwhelm the offence forcefully. based on the core of the legislative status of international civil aerial security, the jurisdiction of the aerial crimes, one emphasis of the article is to clarify concrete clauses on jurisdiction in the three conventions and analyses the important principle of " aut reddere, aut punire ". based on the problems on the jurisdiction of crimes in international society, it quests the implementation of t he principles of jurisdiction, pleading and extradition in the three conventions deeply

    基於目前國際社會航空犯罪時有發生，犯罪分子猖獗狠毒，危害後果十分殘重的現實，本文從國際社會關于懲治航空犯罪的三個重要國際公約（東京、海牙、蒙特利爾公約）中規定的各種航空犯罪的定義入手，深入展開了對劫持航空器罪、危害航空器飛行安全罪、危害國際民用航空機場安全罪的犯罪特徵及其構成條件的分析，以期幫助人們更深刻認識這些典型的國際航空犯罪的表現及其實質，嚴密注視這些犯罪的動向，對其進行及時有力的打擊；鑒于國際民用航空安全法律地位問題的核心是解決航空犯罪的管轄權問題，本文重點闡釋了三個公約關于管轄的具體規定，並側重分析了「或引渡或起訴」的重要原則；鑒于目前國際社會打擊國際航空犯罪管轄方面存在諸多實際問題，本文對公約規定的管轄、起訴、引渡原則的實現方式作了深入探討；鑒于各國在國內立法上對于空中犯罪的懲治、對違約國的制裁、對這類犯罪的預防措施等方面存在一些漏洞，本文根據目前掌握的一些資料，在獨立思考的基礎上，提出了一些不成熟的看法及建議，以期對國際社會懲治航空犯罪貢獻自己微薄之力。
  2. Yet being some endless man meaning economy conditions the element, the position in the middle part and even nationwide does not one another harmonize in case the economic all - up weight of henan against the per capita target is living, the downsteam level be in in the structure of production entirety. the countryside farming against the non - agricultural industries is patched the level to opposite to each other to let drop each other, the structure of production is regulateed the pace and is opposite to each other slowlyer. being living, the nationwide does not take shape the preponderance property yet, henan industrialize level is living, and the middle part six is saved the position to fall behind

    然而，河南經濟在不斷的發展過程中，乃存在著一些不盡人意的經濟制約因素，如河南的經濟總量與人均指標在中部乃至全國的地位不相協調，產業結構整體上處于下游水平，農村農業與非農產業互補水平相對較低，產業結構調整步伐相對較慢，在全國尚未形成優勢產業；河南工業化水平在中部六省地位落後，城市化進程相對緩慢，經濟發展總體水平居中部六省中游偏下位置等，對此，我們應該有清醒的認識，應找出積極的應對策略，以促使河南經濟的騰飛，實現中原崛起。
  3. Them, the thesis has chosen three china ' s cases as object of study, corporatism and social resource theory as theoretical perspective, and the function of npo integrating social welfare resources as the point of study to research the mechanism of npo integrating social welfare resources, the factors which bring down its effects, the motive power of the development of npo in social welfare field. then, the conclusion comes into being : the instituting and running of a npo which has specific object is a effective mechanism to integrate social welfare resources ; in practice, npo can integrate social welfare resources by instituting former and informer social network ; the factors which bring down its effects include policy and themselves ; and there is several kind of power which can motive the development of npo in social welfare field

    本文選取了在發展程度上呈梯次性的中國三個個案為研究對象，以合作主義和社會資源理論為理論視角，以非營利組織對社會福利資源的整合功能為切入點，探討了非營利組織整合社會福利資源的機制、其效果的制約性因素、以及在社會福利領域推動非營利組織發展的動力，認為定位明確的非營利組織的成立與運營為社會福利資源的整合提供了一條可供選擇的有效的途徑，發現在實踐中非營利組織可利用正式的和非正式的兩種網路建構來開發整合社會福利資源，而現階段其整合效果受到政策環境和自身能力等因素的制約，推動非營利組織發展與能力健全的力量源泉主要來自需求推動、政策推動、專業知識推動和國際交往推動。
  4. However, compared with other countries, china ’ s rural tourism is still in its initial stage. there are many problems during the process of developing china ’ s rural tourism, such as facial understanding of rural tourism conception and implication, the distemperedness of the management and the management system, the increase of the negative influence day by day, the singleness and coarseness of the product, the low culture level of the workers

    但是，與國外相比，我國鄉村旅遊的發展仍處于初級階段，在發展過程中存在許多問題，如對其內涵認識不足、管理與經營體制不健全、負面影響日益加劇、產品單一粗糙、從業人員素質較低等，這些問題從根本上制約了中國鄉村旅遊的可持續發展。
  5. ( 1 ) through simulations on jtl with different parameter conditions, the new phenomenon of annihilation and passing through of voltage pulses are founded, and the conditions are obtained at the same time ; ( 2 ) the jtl ring oscillator is utilized in studying the repulsion effect of pulses on jtl, thus the bounded influence is eliminated, and precision results can obtained

    （ 2 ）首次將jtl環振蕩器結構應用到jtl某些傳輸特性的分析上來，消除了端界的影響，使分析更為精確；如對推斥效應的模擬就獲得了良好的效果。推斥效應的研究使我們認識到rsfq的工作頻率在某種程度上要受其效應的制約。
  6. The topic of this paper is about the legal problem on the third party infringes the creditor ' s right. we should know that the research on that item is not only a supplement of the legal practice but also a deeply ponderation on the theory about the creditor ' s relatively right. with the theory of the contract for the third party ' s benefit and etc., it raises a movement on expanding the force of contract and protecting the creditor ' s right

    我們應該認識到對第三人侵害債權制度的研究決不僅僅只具有實踐上拾遺補缺的作用，而是對傳統民法中相對權理論和合同相對性原則的全面反思，尤其是在把第三人侵害債權作為「制度」來研究的情況下則更是如此，而且在這個反思的過程中絕不是第三人侵害債權制度在孤軍作戰，它和債權物權化、為第三人利益合同、債的保全等等諸多理論一起掀起了擴張契約效力和保護債權的運動。
  7. This is because, the fact carrying out the run the country by law can solve the problem of the relative equilibrium between the government power and masses rights, however, it bounds a lot in real practice, especially could be restricted by china ' s historic and cultural customs, the legal tradition, the current policies and other aspects. and during the process of carrying out run the country by law, it also lacks the effective interaction between the government and the masses, and the mainly reason for this problem is that the masses are lacking of the correct understanding of the government power

    這是因為，雖然推行「依法治國」事實上可以解決政府權力與民眾權利的相對平衡問題，但是在現實操作中受到諸多條件限制，尤其是受我國歷史文化習俗、法制傳統及現行政策等制約，在推行「依法治國」中缺少政府與民眾的有效「互動」 ，而出現這個問題的主要原因是民眾對政府權力缺乏正確的認識。
  8. Based on the daily precipitation data accumulated in forty years from 1961 - 2000 in typical dryland areas of jingyuan, longde, xiji, guyuan, haiyuan, tongxin and yanchi counties in ningnan section of ningxia autonomous region, on the recognition of the precipitation character and rule in this areas, this paper has scientifically estimated the precipitation in drought stressed areas and explored the restrictive factors to rainfall resources

    本研究以寧南旱區涇源縣、隆德縣、西吉縣、固原縣、海原縣、同心縣和鹽池縣等典型地區40年（ 1961 - 2000年）日降水資料為基礎，在深入認識寧南旱區降水特徵及規律的基礎上，對旱區降水進行科學分析，揭示了降水資源化的制約因素。
  9. According to the definition and considering our country ' s special condition, the article points out that the key to realize the model of sustainable development is to build up a positive < wp = 8 > relationship between economy and population 、 resource and environment, so we take the model that remedy and develop at the same time when carrying out the strategy of sustainable development. according to this, in order to promote the sustainable development strategy, we should consummate our tax policies from four aspects as follow : firstly, set a just and effective tax system when distribute resources and regulate economy, by this way, we can promote the adjustment of industries, and improve the efficiency of resource arrangement ; secondly, set a relative tax system targets to promote the research of science and technology ; thirdly, design a series of tax policies targets to protect environment, and consummate our tax system in resource protecting ; lastly, consummate the related tax policies in improving citizen ' s comprehensive capability and social insurance

    鑒於此，我國的稅收政策也應從以下四個方面著手完善，以促進可持續發展：建立公平、有效的稅收分配和調控機制，促進產業結構調整，提高資源配置；建立以環境保護為目標的環境稅收政策，完善以資源保護為目標的資源稅收體系；完善稅收政策在促進人口素質提高及社會保障方面的措施。基於以上認識，本文進而對我國稅收政策在促進可持續發展戰略中的現狀作< wp = 6 >了分析，具體分析了我國稅收政策在促進科技進步，經濟結構調整，節約資源與保護環境等方面的作用與不足。我國現有的稅收政策在促進可持續發展戰略方面已發揮了巨大作用，對科技進步給予了越來越多的關注，對包括軟體行業在內的高新技術產業實施了各種稅收優惠措施；通過稅收政策有效調整了產業組織結構，促進了產業結構升級換代；通過各種稅費措施，對節約利用資源和保護環境都起到了積極的作用。
  10. However, as any plan in the world ca n ' t be perfect, the customer management still existed some problems although it was planned thoughtful and pursued successively. the reasons accounting for this were : there were some mistakes in the understanding of the new mechanism ; the stuff was not so satisfied ; the system has not been changed totally and the achievements assess system was not so perfect

    不過，正如任何計劃都不可能十全十美一樣，長沙華興建行的客戶經理制雖經過周密計劃，並在實施過程中取得了一定的成效，但還是存在一些問題，主要原因一是因為認識上存在偏差，二是現有人員素質仍嫌偏低，三是體制上還沒完全轉變，四是激勵約束機制尚不完善。
  11. We get into several theoretical discussions in the part two, and point out that the huge population is the very encumbrance of the modernization course in the country. historical experience of china farming since 1950s is covered in the third section, which prove the theoretical hypothesis reached in the former chapter, the suggestion here is that decision maker have to pay the most attention to the excess baggage. part four focus on the strategic decisions of wuhan, the archtypes of agricultural modernization are created in this part, also a conclusion is draw that, instead of putting the three strategies together, agricultural integration is the most suitable choice for the rural area of wuhan

    在文章的第三部分，首先運用一般的歷史分析方法，對我國農業現代化的歷史進行了總結和歸納；在此基礎上，運用系統動力學的方法，建立了不同歷史時期農業發展問題的系統基模，並以此對農業現代化的動態復雜特性進行了深入的研究和探索；也進一步證實了我國農業現代化進程的最為本質的制約因素是農業勞動力轉移問題，同時還指出，歷史上的種種「失誤」 、 「不足」 ，正是由於缺乏或忽略了對農業現代化的這種動態復雜特性的深刻認識，並導致了我國農業現代化進程的過度振蕩與滯緩。
  12. The text is made of five sections : the first section is preface, the purpose, feasibility and the writer ’ s view is illustrated in this part ; the second section is the basic theory of administrative guidence ’ s legalization, in this part author will discuss the nature of administrative guidance, another problem is the relationship between administrative guidence and the theory of administraion according to law

    我們的思路不能固化于傳統法治理論，而應與時俱進地發展法治行政理論，重新對行政指導進行定性，重新認識行政指導與法治行政的關系。行政指導雖然是弱化了權力色彩的行政行為，但本質上仍是運用行政權力的行為，行政指導的正確運用離不開法律的制約。
  13. In this article, we will compare different banking institutions, study an extensive literature on relationship lending, then explain the theory in the frame of neo - institutional economics systematically and with modeling demonstration. after specifying the costs, benefits and net - profit transfers, we will analyze the banks and firms " characteristics and surrounding factors subject to the participation and incentive constrains, finally draw our conclusion that : lending behaviors between banks and firms are diverse and always affected by the two parts " bargaining power, social environment or their cognition to the relation. we comment that smes and banks develop relationship lending which is prone to satisfy the participation and incentive constrains, and that relationship lending should be a feasible way of smes " financing

    本文將通過對各國銀企關系制度進行比較，就關系貸款命題對文獻進行廣泛調研，在新制度經濟學的分析框架下進行系統規范的理論闡述和模型證明，列舉關系貸款的預期收益、成本內容，對凈剩餘的租金轉移進行分析，在此基礎上研究使關系貸款滿足參與約束與激勵相容約束的銀行和企業特徵、制度環境因素，得出結論：各國市場環境下，銀行與企業之間的關系型融資有不同的表現形式，信貸行為受到銀企雙方談判地位、主觀認識的影響以及社會信用、經濟條件、制度背景等客觀環境的制約；中小企業和中小銀行之間的關系貸款安排易於滿足合約雙方的參與約束和激勵相容約束，不失為中小企業融資的一條可行途徑。
  14. The system of contracting fault liability was put into the contract law of p. r. china promulgated on march 15, 1999 in a rather self - contained way. but, in the other hand, the system has been interpreted or followed in a wring or confusion way in the judicial practice

    1999年3月15日頒布的《中華人民共和國合同法》 ，雖對締約過失責任制度進行了較為完備的規定，但司法實踐中對該制度仍存在著認識上的混亂和操作上的猶豫。
  15. As far as sustainable development theories are concerned, this article summarizes the sustainable development conception, the studying orientation of its, and the economic studying trends, etc. then, in the aspect of asd, this article expounds its idea, studying content and studying trait, etc. on the basis of that, the author sets forth the theories and practical significance of studying asd in the mid and west region of china from the strategy adjustment of china regional development, economic globalization as well as intellectual economic developing trends, etc. ii. analyse and grasp major factors and outstanding barriers of asd in the mid and west region of china as a whole. after qualitative and quantitative analysis, we conclude the superiority of asd in the mid and west region mainly embodies many ways, such as abundant land resources, munificent agriculture organism resources, variable natural climates, the central government ' s readjustment of development strategy as well as the historical chance that new economic background gives, etc

    在此基礎上，從中國區域發展戰略調整、經濟全球化、知識經濟發展趨勢等方面來認識中西部地區農業可持續發展的背景。 （二）從總體上分析和把握中西部地區農業可持續發展的主要影響因素及突出障礙。通過定性與定量分析后認為，中西部地區農業可持續發展的優勢主要體現在土地資源較豐富、農業生物資源條件得天獨厚、自然氣候千差萬別、國家發展戰略調整及新經濟背景提供了歷史機遇；主要障礙體現在經濟社會發展與農業爭地矛盾突出、水土流失十分嚴重、土地沙漠化加劇、水資源的困擾、農業生態環境破壞嚴重、加上體制與觀念約束等。
  16. In the last part, the situation of the application of ec is outlined, and the facts that impeded the development of ec are presented : the imbalance of supply and demand with regard to the infrastructure of network, the lackey of confidence of consumer and firms on ec because of the lackey of credit in economy life, and the difficulties of how to adapt to and protect the new product style of ec by state legal system. we pointed out that, several aspects, such as fiscal tax revenue, law and enactments, the safety of information, admission of market, the perspectives of information, and technolocrats, will persistently impeded the development of ec. in china, the application of ec should be dominated by firms and conducted by government, which should as soon as possible enact the relative law regarding to taxation, electronic paying, digital signature, certification authority, intellectual property on web, etc. the national physical distribution system, the financial monitory system, the system of credit of firms as well as consumers should be completed

    在最後一個部分，文章簡述了我國電子商務應用的現狀，用博弈論方法分析了制約我國電子商務應用發展的幾個主要原因:網路基礎設施的供需失衡、經濟生活中的信用意識缺乏導致的消費者和企業對電子商務應用中的普遍的不信任及國家法律制度如何適應和保護電子商務這種新的生產方式等，並指出，財政稅收、法律法規、信息安全、市場準入、信息觀念、技術人才等幾個方面的問題將是長期阻礙電子商務發展的因素，電子商務在我國的應用要走企業為主體、政府引導的路子，政府應盡快制定有關稅收、電子支付、電子簽名、身份認證、網上知識產權等方面的法律法規，建立覆蓋全國的現代化物流配送體系，健全和完善金融監管體系，特別是企業信用體系和消費者信用體系的建設，大力推進企業信息化建設，創造發展環境，完善保障機制，加快人才培養。
  17. The author thinks that the economic hotness showed mainly as follows : the early time of commerce ' s interflow, the quick rise of commerce number etc, it was resulted in by the push of campaign of friendship at home, the characteristics of mutual benefits in economics and so on ; in the same period, the coolness of politics showed on the refusal of japanese government to acknowledge the prc, its obstruction of resumption on legal seat of the prc in un etc, its causes were american influence, the contradictory of ideology etc ; in part 2, the manifestation and causes of the trend of the " hot economics and cold politics ", in the sino - japanese relationship since sino - japanese reconciled

    筆者認為，經濟關系熱主要表現在貿易往來時間早、貿易額迅速上升等幾個方面，而這一局面的出現主要是由友好運動的推動、經濟互補性強等諸方面因素共同促成；政治關系冷主要表現在日本政府拒不承認新中國、極力阻撓恢復中國在聯合國的合法席位等方面，其成因主要是由於意識形態的對立、美國因素的制約等因素所致。第二部分，中日復交后兩國關系「經熱政冷」走勢的表現及其成因。
  18. Thinking of this article as following : first, beginning with the defect of right and power system of internal company law, analyze the necessity of reconstruct system of companies law ; second, put forward the concept of labor force right, which is the core category of company ' s right and power, besides, demonstrate its background, right holder, legal theory base and analyze the difference between workers rights, the right of labor, third, raise the theory of " the second contract " ( contract of cooperation relation ) and construct right of labor force in the micro - economic law

    本文的思維進路是：首先從傳統公司法內部法權體系缺陷入手，分析了現行公司法內部法權體系重構的必要性；其次，提出勞動力權概念，認為它是公司法法權的核心范疇，必須加以認識，並同時論證了其生成之背景、權利享有之主體、存在之法理基礎以及與勞權、勞動權等概念的比較分析；最後，提出「二次契約」 （或稱協作關系契約）理論，希冀由此作為切入點，對勞動力權進行微觀經濟法制度上的構設。
  19. The development of international legal system in the future shall focus on the building of an effective legal mechanism which can not only improve the liberalization of international investment but also respect the permanent sovereignty over national resources and the basic economic rights of every country, this mechanism should not only be helpful for the protection of foreign direct investment and the improvement of treatment standards of foreign investors, but also should be helpful for the control of negative influence of trans - national corporations by the host states and the establishment of a new international economic order

    第二，法律框架的構造過多地依賴于以國內機制來協調跨國公司法律問題上的矛盾，不僅妨礙了統一法制的構築和推進，而且使跨國公司法律問題更加復雜，使得矛盾更加尖銳化。第三，對跨國公司在現代國際經濟生活中的作用存在認識上的分歧，制約了跨國公司的國際法制的統一化發展。總而一言之，只有運用現實主義的觀點，準確把握跨國公司在現代國際經濟生活中的積極、消極作用，才能為其國際法制的合理構築創造理念卜的根據。
  20. Based on the general conception of holography, the author analyzes the tourism region with a holographic view of human - nature relationship, and considers, in the core, the origination, development, transformation of tourism region system is a course in which the resources system is transformed to the economic system ， to the cultural system, which demonstrates by the structure of tourism region objection system ? ? from the structure of tourism resources to the structure of tourism products ， to the structure of the tourism markets ， to the structure of tourism industries, and each step of transformation needs the input of anti - entropy from the subjection system ? ? the tourists, the tourism scholars, the tourism enterprising, the tourism media, the government and the local people who urge the region sustainable development. there are six chapters in the dissertation : in the first chapter, on the base of holographic view, the author constructs a holographic space which consists of one - dimensioned time, three - dimensioned space and multi - dimensioned system, which can supply for the study of variety and multi - perspective of tourism region subsystem, meanwhile originationable theory, fractal theory and down - to - the - earth theory are put forward as methodology, what ' s more, the author constructs the paradigm of the tourism region development as the frame of region tourism development. in the second chapter, with a holographic view, some concepts of tourism region system, both objection system and subjection system, are defined again, especially, the conception of tourism, tourist, tourism resources and tourism product, the author considers, it ' s only through information that can explain how the tourism derived and developed, what the tourist demands and utility are, and the relationship between the inner subjection system is regarded as mutuality

    本論文結構共分6個部分：第一部分，從全息學的基本觀點出發，構建出由一維時間、三維空間和多維系統組成的全息空間，這為研究旅遊地域各子系統的多樣性和多角度性提供了理論的依託，並將元化思考、分形理論和紮根理論作為旅遊地域開發的主要方法論，構建出旅遊地域全息開發的思維範式，為旅遊地域的開發奠定了堅實的理論框架；第二部分，從全息角度對旅遊地域系統，包括客體系統和主體系統，進行全新的界定，尤其對旅遊活動、旅遊者、旅遊資源及旅遊產品的概念進行全新界定，認為只有從信息角度才能理解旅遊活動產生、發展以及旅遊者的需求和效用，並在旅遊地域開發關繫上提出了互為主體的觀念；第三部分，從空間角度對旅遊地域進行分析，認為旅遊地域是運動的，要素運動形成要素的結構變化，進而推動整個旅遊地域的運動，同時，旅遊地域運動還受到環境系統的制約和影響，筆者還對旅遊地域相互作用關系作了較為深入的研究，認為不同等級間和同等級間旅遊地域相互作用遵循不同的規律；第四部分，通過對旅遊地域周期理論的再認識，詳細分析了影響旅遊周期的因素，並提出旅遊地域全息周期的理想模式是logistic曲線；第五部分，筆者對旅遊地域的開發模式進行了總結，從主體角度提出了4種旅遊地域全息開發模式? ?資源主導型、學者主導型、企業媒體主導型和政府大眾主導型，並從環境系統對旅遊地域開發的影響程度出發，提出2種修正模式? ?微阻礙模式和重阻礙模式；第六部分，以安西縣為例，在全息分析安西縣旅遊地域發展狀況之後，強調旅遊產品的開發與設計是旅遊地域開發的關鍵，並運用全息的觀點對旅遊產品開發進行了實證研究。
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