調低標價 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [diàodībiāojià]
調低標價 英文
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  • 調 : Ⅰ動詞1 （配合得均勻合適） harmonize; suit well; fit in perfectly 2 （使配合得均勻合適） mix; adju...
  • 標 : Ⅰ名詞1 [書面語] （樹梢） treetop; the tip of a tree2 （枝節或表面） symptom; outside appearance; ...
  • 價 : 名詞1. （價格） price 2. （價值） value 3. [化學] （化合價） valence
  • 調低 : open up
  • 標價 : 1 （標出貨價） mark the price2 （所標明的價錢） marked price; posted price 3 （郵票或銀元上標明的...
  1. In anchoring effect, in addition to the influence of high and low anchor points on subjects price estimates, we also consider the moderating role of the operation of anchor points ( one - way / two way ), the reinforcement of anchor points ( normal / intensified ), and the relevancy between anchor and target ( relevant / unrelevant )

    在定錨效應的實驗中，除了考慮高低錨點值對受測者價格估計判斷之影響，同時亦探討錨點運作方式（雙向單向） 、錨點強化作用（強化一般） 、以及錨點訊息與估計標的物之間的語意相關性（相關不相關）等三個變數，是否會扮演錨點類型對決策者估計影響之調節角色。
  2. The main conclusions read as follows : ( 1 ) on the premise of stabling the land contract right, the land use right could be transferred, in order to make better use of land ; ( 2 ) propose considering the net profit of land and farmer ' s minimum living guarantee synthetically to make the price standard of land, drawing up the fee of tlur according to the difference between the net profit of land and the contract fee, and perfecting the land grades system additionally ; ( 3 ) to reduce the transaction costs of land transference, we should establish and perfect the medium mechanism of land transference ; ( 4 ) to affect the institutional changes positively, government should do a good job of macro - control, and optimize the institution environment continually

    本文的主要結論是： （ 1 ）在穩定土地承包權的前提下，土地使用權應進行市場化流轉，實現農村土地的有效利用和適度規模經營； （ 2 ）建議綜合考慮土地純收益和農產最低生活保障來制訂土地價格標準，而土地使用權流轉費應根據土地純收益與集體承包費的差額來確定，另外必須健全土地分等定級制度； （ 3 ）為了降低土地流轉的交易費用，必須建立和規范土地交易中介機制； （ 4 ）做好宏觀調控工作，不斷優化制度環境，發揮政府在制度變遷中的積極作用。
  3. Private equity groups are clinching deals that have relatively small takeover premiums to their targets ' recent share price highs, a survey will reveal today, adding weight to complaints that investors are being short - changed in leveraged buy - outs

    一項調查今天將顯示，私人股本集團在近來敲定的交易中，只支付了較目標公司近期股價高點相對較低的收購溢價，這為人們的抱怨增加了砝碼，即：投資者在杠桿收購中所得到的好處被打了折扣。
  4. Under present social economic condition, bridge design should satisfy criterions of design load and increase bearing capacity in order to strengthen service performance. these are contents of bridge structural optimization. diseases in superstructure make the life - span of bridges shortened

    在現今社會的經濟條件下，橋梁設計應該在滿足現行《橋規》設計荷載標準的前提下，適當提高橋梁的承載能力，增強其使用性能，而不是一味地強調造價最低，這就是橋梁結構優化的內涵。
  5. Firstly, this article summarizes consideration modes appeared in share structure reform into 3 kinds, including share adjustment, cash payment, and warrants issuance, and proves that consideration modes of share adjustment are completely equivalent to each other, and that consideration modes of share adjustment are equivalent to cash payment and cash payment is equivalent to warrants issuance when we neglect some subordinate conditions. then it is concluded that when we neglect the subordinate conditions, all kinds of consideration modes can be unified as anyone of them, and comparison between different simple or even complex consideration modes can be made. thus all kinds of considerations can be converted to a discounted ratio of stock price decline to figure consideration price of any listed companies paid in share structure reform

    本文首先將股權分置改革中的對價方式歸納為股本調整類（非流通股股東向流通股股東送股、非流通股縮股、流通股擴股） 、現金對價和權證對價三大類，通過歸納兩類股東的對價水平評價指標，以及兩類股東的對價效用函數變量在一定條件下的相等，通過七個命題依次證明了股本調整類對價方式的完全等效性，以及在忽略一些次要變量的情況下股本調整與現金對價、現金對價與權證對價的等效性，由此得出在一定條件下可以將股權分置改革中的各種對價方式統一起來，以及不同類或者混合的對價方式之間可以比較對價水平的結論，並通過折算的股價降低率來表示上市公司股權分置改革的對價水平。
  6. Then in this paper i develop a principle and subordinate dimmer depending on the lighting products made in national. also, it provides the new design scheme combining the eib ' s dimming driver with the national principle and subordinate dimmer, which can reduce the average costs but guarantee the opening, compatibility and standard criterion of eib. the scheme solves the problem - expensive price and spread the eib ' s small system and independent system ' s integrate pattern when we extend the eib

    研究分析了eib的電氣安裝配線技術；借鑒松下照明產品，研製開發了主從式數字調光器；創新的提出了eib調光驅動器+松下主從調光器的設計方案，在保證eib協議的開放性、兼容性和標準規范的同時，降低了節點平均成本，合理的解決了eib推廣過程中遇到的最大難題? ?價格過于昂貴，拓展了eib在小系統和獨立子系統中的集成模式。
  7. Secondly in enterprise valuation cost method should proceed with book value of the financial statement, regard market value as adjusting orientation and reduce application range of cost method. when income method is adopted, four principles should be paid attention to : a : stage - by - stage income model should be used which is made by early stage income current value added by later stage income increase. b : net profit and net cash flow should be the majority of income volume

    其次為：企業價值評估採用成本法應從財務報表的賬面價值入手、以市場價值為調整目標、減少成本法的應用范圍；採用收益法應以前期收益現值加後期收益額遞增的分階段收益模型，收益額以凈利潤、現金凈流量為主，收益預測以企業未來發展潛力分析為前提的銷售收入預測為主導，折現率堅持不低於無風險報酬率等四項原則，系數以回歸方程的測算為主；市場法中參照物企業選取應以同行業企業為基準、擴大數據來源，注重評估比率可靠性驗證、利用多種比率的配合等。
  8. This helps their long - turn lives, but there are some material problems : fund source is simplex ; compensation level is low ; it is hard for the farmers to find jobs ; many farmers " lives get worse, etc. on basis of reviewing advantages and disadvantages of this innovation ; referring to experiences of the world ; according to economics theories, from the aspects of rule insurances, insurance financing, zone plan as a whole, this text raises some strategies and ideas on how to solve the farmers " problems : short - turn interests, long - turn interests, real civilization, etc. during their being levied

    但這一做法存在著安置資金渠道單一，利益補償標準低，被征地農民就業困難，許多農民的生活水平下降等實質性的問題。本文在評價嘉興市「土地換保障」機制的優勢和不足的基礎上，借鑒國內外先進經驗，根據經濟學有關理論，從制度保證、保障資金籌措和管理、區域統籌協調等方面，提出了在土地徵用補償過程中解決被征地農民當前利益、長遠利益、以及實質性融入城市等問題的思路和對策。
  9. Linear frequency modulated continuous wave ( lfmcw ) radar has many characteristics of simple structure, small volume, light weight, low cost, low transmitter peak power, short wavelength, thus it is especially suitable to be used in radar image, research of target characteristic, end control and guide, battlefield spy, scene watch etc. and more people in the world interested in it, it will have a wide prospect

    線性調頻雷達具有結構簡單、體積小、重量輕、造價低、發射峰值功率低、波長短等一系列優點，特別適合於雷達成像、目標特性研究、末制導、戰場偵察和場面監視等領域，目前已受到國內外的廣泛重視與研究，應用前景十分誘人。
  10. Firstly, the weighted value of every idiographic indicator in this system was established by analytical hierarchy process, and weighted arithmetic average was used to determine the analysis results of the indicators " values of six aspects. then the principal component analysis were used to calculate the principal component values of twenty enterprises that can be divided into five developmental types according to their principal component values. the five types were as follows : 1 ) highly developmental level and highly potential type ; 2 ) highly developmental level and lower potential type ; 3 ) highly developmental level and no potential type ; 4 ) low developmental level and highly potential type ; 5 ) low developmental level and no potential type

    首先，通過層次分析法確定指標體系中16項具體指標的權重，並採用加權算術平均法確定6項評價指標的評價結果；然後，結合gwbasic和spss軟體對六個方面指標進行主成分分析，得出各企業的主成分得分；最後，通過聚類的方法將調查的20家涉農企業分為五種不同的發展類型： 1 ）高發展水平、高潛力型企業； 2 ）高發展水平、低潛力型企業； 3 ）高發展水平、無潛力型企業： 4 ）低發展水平、高潛力型企業；和5 ）低發展水平、無潛力型企業。
  11. Then ， the main discussion in this thesis is what measures can be taken to subcontractors in our country in facing the new mode of valuation with bill of quantities. the conclusion are that ， at the first ， they should faster the step to compile enterprise inner norm. construction enterprises must compile bid documents scientifically ， reasonably based in the self - inner norm which can reflect the actual expenditure and true technical and management standard

    接著該論文重點討論面對新工程造價計價模式，我國建築承包商應採取的措施：加快編制企業內部定額的步伐，投標企業必須以科學、合理，能夠反映企業實際消耗和真實技術、管理水平的企業定額為基礎編制投標書，才能做出有競爭力的報價；加強企業內部成本核算，從工程投標到竣工分不同的階段協調各相關部門工作，制定獎懲制度，有效降低成本，對于隱性成本也採取相應措施加以控制；改革企業經營機制，提高企業的人員素質，大力開發新技術、新工藝，提高企業科技含量。
  12. Both of the prices of raw materials and products and reconciliation precision are integrated into one objective - economic loss. then, sensor network design is defined as a problem of multi - objective optimization. both of the cost and economic loss are used as objectives

    針對物流測量網路，綜合考慮物流價格和變量協調精度，提出了一個經濟損失最小的目標函數，並將線性測量網的傳感器配置問題定義11飯杠大學博士學位論文為一個多目標優化問題，將配置費用最低和經濟損失最小同時作為優化目標，以變量可觀性、冗餘性、控制和工藝要求等作為約束條件。
  13. Along with national macroscopic control, the market of road project becomes more and more competitive, such as the price of contract is worse. the industry is threshed by three market injections, that is increasing material price, the lowest acceptance and cash guarantee. the above make the industries of road project under the situation of the lower profit and harder capital running and greater competition pressure

    隨著國家的宏觀調控，公路工程建築市場競爭日愈加劇，其承包價格戰進入了白熱化階段，而且自2003年以來，還不斷受到建築原材料價格上漲、最低價中標制度、現金保證金制度三個市場因素的嚴酷沖擊，直接導致公路工程施工企業利潤大幅下滑和資金運轉困難，企業面臨極大的競爭壓力，生存環境不容樂觀。
  14. In endorsing the aim to reduce court cost and raise court efficiency, council stressed the importance of safeguarding the rights of litigating parties, and of balancing the desire to raise efficiency with the value of maintaining an acceptable court process

    本局贊同減低法庭費用及提高法庭效率的目標，但強調捍衛與訟各方權益的重要性，並強調需要在提高效率的意欲與維持可接受的法庭審理程序的價值中取得平衡。
  15. Fuzzy neural network elevator group control system ( fegcs ) has been discussed. this article proposes a new elevator group control system from the view of passengers which addresses riding time as well as waiting. it considers both the mental need and physical requirement of passengers

    本文提出了基於模糊神經網路的電梯群控系統，從乘客的角度出發，相對候梯時間強調了降低乘客的乘梯時間，同時綜合考慮電梯運行的評價標準並建立了相應的模糊規則。
  16. Firstly, on the foundation of defining the scope of the suburbs of guangzhou city, the paper completely analyzes the problem and characteristic of land use and the power mechanism of land use variation ; then the paper constructs the index system of land eco - use evaluation in the suburbs of guangzhou, and evaluates land eco - use of all districts and county level cities in the suburbs of guangzhou according to 2002 related data, its result demonstrates that land use in the suburbs of guangzhou is basically at the preliminary ecological use stage, moreover along with the distance from urban enlarging, land utilization natural ecology level is more and more high, then economical ecology and social ecology level is more and more low ; finally, in view of the problem of land use in the suburbs of guangzhou and the result of ecological use evaluation, and according to the target of building eco - city, the paper puts forward nine important and concrete regulation measurements to realize land eco - use in the suburbs of guangzhou

    第二部分主要結合廣州市郊區土地利用的實際情況進行了實證研究。首先，在界定廣州市郊區范圍的基礎上，全面分析了廣州市郊區土地利用的特徵、土地利用變化的動力機制以及土地利用存在的問題與成因；接著構建了廣州市郊區土地生態利用評價指標體系，並根據2002年有關統計數據，對廣州市郊區各區及縣級市的土地生態利用水平進行了評價，結果顯示目前廣州市郊區土地利用基本上處于初步生態利用階段，而且隨著距離城區距離的加大，土地利用的自然生態水平越來越高，經濟生態和社會生態水平則越來越低；最後，針對廣州市郊區土地利用存在的問題以及生態利用評價的結果，並根據廣州市建設生態城市的目標，提出了實現廣州市郊區土地生態利用具體的九大調控措施與途徑。
  17. The features of the new edition are : comprehensively reflecting enterprise performance, centered on efficiency ; combining quantitative indices and qualitative indices progressively ; determining the total score of basic indices by graded basic score and adjustment score set by work - result coefficient ; determining adjustment coefficient and basic evaluation score by the coordination of adjustment indices and basic in - dices ; and reducing the subjectivity in evaluation through reference criteria of evaluation

    新版效績評價指標體系和計分方法的特點是：以效益為核心，全面反映企業效績；逐級遞進，定量指標和定性指標相結合；分檔基礎分和根據功效系數確定的調整分決定基本指標總得分；修正指標和基本指標協調程度決定修正系數大小和基本評價得分；依託評議參考標準，降低評議的主觀隨意性。
  18. It emphasize in the macro view that we should enhance the lawmaking, develop association about engineering cost management, and broaden the service field of the organization on engineering cost consultation etc. from the micro view, considering that the architecture ' s price may be totally formed by the market and it may connect with international tradition, we discussed how to ferry stream from quota price to bill - quantity price, how to ferry stream from government making - price to enterprise free making - price. also we discussed how to compile bill - of - quantity, how to determine price of bidding strategies of bidding and how to quote price under the bill - of - quantity model. study of a certain reasonable low price, problems and countermeasures of the lowest bid approach in making bid and inviting bid has been discussed too

    強調：宏觀上，工程造價管理要加強立法、加強工程造價管理協會的建設、拓寬工程造價咨詢機構的服務面等；微觀上，針對建築產品價格完全由市場形成及與國際慣例接軌的要求，討論在剛剛開始推行工程量清單計價模式下，如何使定額計價向工程量清單計價過渡，建築產品如何由政府定價向企業自主定價過渡，以及工程量清單編制、標底價格的確定、施工企業的投標報價；研究在工程招投標過程中， 「合理低價」的確定方法，無標底招標可能出現的問題及對策；最後提出費用組成及計價方式的改革，使得工程造價更符合工程的實際情況，更有利於企業間的競爭。
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