證據推定 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhèngjùtuīdìng]
證據推定 英文
evidentiary presumption
  • 證 : Ⅰ動詞（證明） prove; verify; demonstrate Ⅱ名詞1 （證據） evidence; proof; testimony; witness 2 （...
  • 據 : 據Ⅰ動詞1 （占據） occupy; seize 2 （憑借; 依靠） rely on; depend on Ⅱ介詞（按照; 依據） according...
  • 推 : 動詞1 （向外用力使物體移動） push; shove 2 （磨或碾） turn a mill or grindstone; grind 3 （剪或削...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 證據 : evidence; proof; testimony
  • 推定 : calculation
  1. Adjudicative facts mean the judgments or presumptions made by the trier of fact about the objective facts concerning the case, on the basis of the evidences, through the procedure

    裁判事實是事實審理者通過法定程序，在證據的基礎上，對案件涉及的客觀事實所作的一種認定或推定。
  2. It has been too often assumed that " proof " must be what kant called " apodeictic " that is of the kind that we used to be familiar within euclid, where the argument could be concluded with a triumphant q. e. d. because every rational person who understands the propositions is compelled to accept the inference

    我們常常假定， 「證據」一定是康德所稱之「絕對肯定的」 ? ?那種我們在歐氏推論中所熟悉的，那種可以把論據推演到成功地「證完」 ，因為每個懂得命題的具有理性的人都一定會接受那樣的推斷。
  3. As the important constituent of the presumption rule, fact presumption is a rule of when the fact prove falls into the difficult position, according to the deduction by the common sense, the judge forms a temporarily inner conviction to the factum probandum under the proof standard, and shifts the subjective burden of proof between the litigants, thus helps the part to overcome the condition of facts prove

    作為事實認定的重要組成部分，事實推定是裁判者在案件事實的證明陷入困境時，根據經驗法則進行推理，在證明標準之下，暫時形成對案件待證事實的心證，並在當事人之間轉移主觀證明責任，從而避免訴訟陷入僵局，排除當事人舉證困難的證明法則。
  4. When these models deal with material uncertainty, there are different from basic thought and method in detail, but the reasoning has the same hypostasis and they have the same form of structure, such as the same description of knowledge " uncertainty, the same description of evidence ' s uncertainty, the same update algorithm of uncertainty and so on

    不同的推理模型處理問題的基本思想和方法有很大的差異，但不確定推理的本質是相同的，都具有一個相同的結構形式，即對知識不確定性的描述，證據不確定性的描述和不確定性的更新演算法。
  5. To adduce adequate evidence is called burden of adducing evidence, and to adduce evidence to prove the fact presented is cal led burden of demonstration

    提出足夠數量證據的責任，稱為提供證據責任。利用證據對所主張的事實加以證明或者推翻不利推定，並達到法律規定的程度的責任，稱為論證責任。
  6. In the study of time limit for adducing evidence defined in other states, it is found that timely disclosure of proof has become the tendency of civil justice reform all over the world, which gives an important lesson for the justice reform in china

    我們在通過對其他國家和地區的有關舉證時限規定的考察和比較中，發現「證據適時提出主義」已經成為民事司法改革的世界趨勢，這對探索和推進我國的司法改革有著重要的借鑒意義。
  7. In continental law system countries, burden of proof includes burden of adducing evidence, burden of persuasion. burden of adducing evidence means that the subjects in criminal procedure who initiate trial procedure and require the courts to judge according to their demands or subject whom there is presumption against must adduce adequate " evidence of the fact to prove that the evidence is on the demand of proof. otherwise the subjects will fail in the suit

    筆者認為，刑事訴訟證明責任，是指在刑事訴訟中引起審判程序啟動並要求法院依其主張裁判或存在對其不利之法律推定的刑事訴訟主體，必須就其主張的對定罪量刑具有決定作用的待證特定事實或者為推翻不利的推定事實提出足夠證據，並利用證據對該事實或或者為推翻不利的推定事實加以證明到法律規定的程度。
  8. How to avoid scams from international fraudsters exploiting the loopholes in " constructive delivery " as specified in article 4

    如何防止國際騙徒利用第4條單據上之推定運送這慨念的漏洞耒騙取信用證金額？
  9. In the part of analysis of advantages and disadvantages of presumption of knowledge, it analyses that presumption of knowledge favorably serves to distribute reasonably the responsibility of producing ? evidence, to realize impartiality and efficiency of procedural law and to satisfy the needs of reality and criminal policy. on the other hand, it provides theoretical preparation for prevention of risk by pointing out its disadvantages of the inaccuracy in the presumed results and the possibility of presuming negligence as knowledge

    「明知推定的利弊分析」部分，則分析了明知推定具有合理分配提供證據的責任，實現訴訟法之公正與效益價值，滿足現實需要與刑事政策需要等作用；同時也存在推定結果精確性有欠缺和疏忽大意過失可能被推定為明知等弊端，為防範風險提供理論準備。
  10. Electronic evidence adopting rule - rules applies to the evidence taking procedure, evidence construction, judicial cognizance, the taking of evidence in court, the probability evidence and those expressed in courts verdict

    四是電子證據的采證規則。它包括采證階段、推定、司法認知、當庭采證、蓋然性采證、判決顯示等規定。
  11. Based on the comprehensive research on the theory and practice of insider trading in foreign countries, hong kong and taiwan, the thesis puts foreword that the assumed liability system shall be applicable to insider trading in line with the general tort theory. in consideration of the constitutional elements, the thesis also brings forward that the damage facts shall be measured by actual loss, the deduction of cause and effect : relationship shall be regulated in line with law, and that the existence of default shall be inferred from the strict objective standard

    在對國外和我國港臺地區關于內幕交易民事責任理論和實踐進行綜合比較的基礎上，本文依據侵權責任的一般理論，提出內幕交易侵權責任應適用過錯推定責任原則，在內幕交易民事責任要件方面提出以實際可得財產損失確定損害事實、以法定的推定方式證明因果關系、以嚴格的客觀標準來判斷過錯存在的基本作法。
  12. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  13. This paper deals with synchronous measure technology of the cylinder pressure with the engine cold start by adoping micro - chip aduc812, and it discuss the analysis of breakdown of engine cold start with the mixture of technology of information. through the analysis of the parameters of cylinder pressure of the engine cold start, turning speed and starting electricity, and according to the measure data and witness, a theory is to be inferred, and with the help of breakdown - checking systems, the engine piston groups and the breakdown of starting system can be judged. at last, the. remote measure technology of cylinder pressure ' s parameters

    本文採用微處理器晶元aduc812研究發動機冷起動氣缸壓力的同步測試技術，討論了基於信息融合技術的發動機冷起動故障診斷方法。通過對發動機冷起動氣缸壓力、轉速、起動電流等參數的測試，根據測試數據和證據推理理論，藉助故障專家系統，判定發動機氣缸活塞組以及起動系的故障。最後研究了氣缸壓力等參數的遙測技術。
  14. The application of multisensor information fusion of dempster - shafer evidential reasoning to sliding mode control with measuring noise was investigated, which helps to depress the uncertainty of the sliding mode function

    摘要研究了d - s證據推理多傳感器信息融合方法在存在量測噪聲的滑模控制中的應用，它有助於削弱模函數的不確定性。
  15. From this evidence it follows that he is not the murderer

    從這項證據推定，他不是凶手。
  16. Evidence reasoning has perfect performance in expression of uncertain knowledge, which is the reason why it has been making great progress in theory and application in recent years

    證據推理在不確定性知識表示方面具有優良的性能，這是近幾年其理論和應用發展較快的原因。
  17. When the discount coefficient is 1 and all weights of the nearest neighbor sample points are the same, the k - nn classification method based on evidence reasoning model will become the k - nn classification method based on evidence theory

    並且當折扣系數為1 ，且給定所有最近鄰樣本點權重相等時，基於證據推理模型的k - nn分類方法就成為基於證據理論的k - nn分類方法。
  18. In chapter 5, according to the characteristic in the stage of concept evaluation of product design, the quality attribute preference aggregate model which support multi - attribute and group decision is set forth. according to the model, preference aggregation method based on evidential reasoning and rough set theory and rational evaluation method of multi - attribute and multi - evaluator are put forward. consider the wave of evaluator ' s preference caused by uncertainty, robust of quality attribute and concept in the stage of concept evaluation are put forward for the first time

    第五章根據產品設計方案評價的特點，提出了支持多屬性群組評價的質量屬性偏好聚合模型，並提出了基於證據推理與粗集理論的質量屬性偏好聚合方法和理性化的偏好聚合方法；針對由不確定性引起的評價者偏好的波動，首次在方案設計階段根據偏好波動提出了質量屬性和方案魯棒性的概念，給出了質量屬性魯棒性的數學描述和方案魯棒性的計算方法；並且進行了實例應用。
  19. The findings showed that for them trait can serve as a basis for making mental inferences : infants ' familiarity with trait was remarkably promoted with age, so did their ability to make inferences, however, there is lack of sufficient evidence that they fully understood the mental trait

    結果表明，幼兒具有一定的以特質為基礎的推理能力；隨著年齡的增長，幼兒對以特質為基礎的推理能力也在逐漸增強，但缺乏充分證據斷定他們已經完全理解了心理特質。
  20. In the d - s evidence model, we provide two examples, the first case is client evaluation in the bank credit with d - s model, which can be compared with the model of probability. the second case is identification and classification in medical images, which use to explain the applied method

    證據理論推理模型給出了兩個應用實例，一是採用了證據推理模型的銀行信貸客戶評價案例與主觀貝葉斯方法進行比較，二是利用醫學圖像分類識別示例說明不確定推理的具體應用方法。
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