負四面體 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [fùsìmiàntǐ]
負四面體
英文
negative tetrahedron-
Then following reality constituent of engine and connecting component interface, a nonlinear signal cylinder engine model has been created, though fire interval and fire order, a control - oriented four cylinders engine is build. following dynamometer is seen as load, performance of engine is simulated and researched under the condition of constant torque and speed, validation of the math and simulation model have been confirmed by comparison result between simulation with test result of engine performance simulation software dyno
按照發動機的實際組成，根據各部件的介面類型連接模型庫中的部件，建立了單缸發動機非線性模型，在此基礎上，依據發動機實際發火間隔和順序，建立了面向控制的四缸汽油機模型，並以測功器為負載，通過恆轉矩和恆轉速方式進行了發動機性能模擬和研究，模擬結果和發動機動力性能模擬軟體dyno測試結果的對比驗證了數學模型和模擬模型的正確性。Part iiilegal issues upon the reform of toll and tax in countryside this part is concentrated to show six problems that the reform of toll and tax in countryside is to be up against and is to be peremptorily settled as following : the first one, in the confirming of agricultural tax, it is very difficult to protect the farmer ' s rights fairly because of unscientific of the evidence at assessment, highly of tax rate, and the absence of law and statute correlatively ; the second one, on the tax levying, there lack of legal systems that is to supervise and run, especially lack of law and statute which lead to collect agricultural special tax canonically ; the third one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside extrudes unbalance burden among farmers and countries, and lead to unevenly between subject of tax payment, which breaches the legal rule of balanceable tax ; the fourth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside faces the danger that farmers " burden tends to rebound because of weakly carry through legal rule on tax statutory and absent of law and statute correlatively ; the fifth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside affects the finance and revenue - expenditure auditing of the grass roots and father affects the grass roots to raise fee upon public construction and education, as a result, there ' s more charge that is out of law, the monocracy of grass roots " finance ought to be carry out ; the sixth one, legal measures connect with the reform of toll and tax in countryside in dire need of to be built, which mainly conclude legal system that adjust country social security, country compulsory education and country debt
第三部分? ?農村稅費改革的法律課題集中展示了農村稅費改革所面臨且亟待解決的六大法律問題。即：其一，在確定農業稅上，計稅依據不科學、稅率偏高、相關法律規范缺失，無法平等保護農民的合法權益；其二，在農村稅收的徵收上，缺乏行之有效的法律監督和運行機制，尤其是農業特產稅的徵收缺乏保障據實徵收的法律規范;其三，稅費改革凸顯農民之間、農村之間的負擔不均，使納稅主體的權利義務失衡，有悖稅負均衡的法律原則;其四，由於稅收法定主義沒有得到有效貫徹，規制農民負擔反彈方面的法律法規缺位，致使農村稅費改革潛伏著農民負擔反彈的風險;其五，稅費改革影響基層組織的財政收支，進而影響鄉村公益事業建設及教育經費的籌措，引發稅外亂收費沉渣泛起，基層財政體製法治化勢在必行;其六，與稅費改革相關的配套法律措施巫待構建，主要是農村社會保障法律體系、鄉村義務教育和鄉村債務疏導的法律支撐魚待構建與完善。第四部分一一農村稅費改革與相關法律制度的構建基於上一部分提出的法律問題，力圖構築農村稅費改革的法律框架並提出相應對策。It also explains the basic teaching skills training ; the current 4 - step training programme as training, practicing, teaching and testing in xu yong, etc. it explores the difficulties of teachers training facing the teachers in xu yong. there are 5 main difficulties : ( 1 ) principles and teachers neglect the importance and characteristics of school - based training ; ( 2 ) no scientific training plans ; ( 3 ) the present teaching programmes exercised by the trainees in xu yong are diametrically opposed to the teaching in classroom ; ( 4 ) the methods of training are simple and deficient ; ( 5 ) lack of regular financial support
文章認為，敘永縣之所以全面實施教師校本培訓，既有客觀的必要性，也有現實的可行性；以教師基本功為主的培訓內容及其相應的「訓、練、用、考」一體化培訓方式等，反映了敘永縣教師校本培訓的基本面貌；敘永縣教師校本培訓的主要存在問題，是學校領導和教師對校本培訓缺乏全面深刻的認識，二是缺乏教師校本培訓的科學規劃；三是培訓內容的針對性不夠；四是培訓方式比較單一，培訓手段落後；五是培訓經費短缺，教師經濟負擔沉重。Accounting for contingencies is one important part of uncertainty accounting ， contingencies widespread exist in enterprises ， as a special economic event ， with developments of economic ， financial relations is complex ， the contents of contingencies unceasing extend ， contingencies plays a more and more important role in financial accounting information and operation policy because theoretical and practical research of contingencies is late ， special data is little ， few pay a ~ ention to treatment of contingencies new accounting law points out that enterprises must explain contingencies arising from guarantees provided for the debit of other enterprises and pending litigation this is the first time that the law requests accounting treatment of contingencies accounting standard for business enterprises ： contingencies prescribes the recognition and measurement of contingencies and the disclosure of relevant information ， the standard is the first standard of contingencies ， improves the accounting treatment for contingencies and the disclosure of relevant information the standard will help us improve the quality of information disclosure the article is divided into five parts to discuss the first part is a general introduction of contingencies ， including the history, the classification ， the framework and so on ， all of which would help readers understand the basic concepts in the article the second part introduces recognition of contingencies ， including recognition condition and accounting of some contingencies etc the third part introduces measurement of contingencies ， including measurement principle and selection of measurement attributes the forth part introduces disclosure of contingencies ， including disclosure of contingent asset ， contingent liability etc the fifth part selects some enterprises financial report to analyse ， points out some problems of contingent disclosure ， gives some suggestions about disclosure of contingencies
對于規范我國企業或有事項的會計核算和相關信息的披露問題，提高會計信息披露質量，保護投資者利益，具有重要的現實意義。本文試就或有事項的確認、計量以及信息披露略談一下自己的認識，對準則可能存在的不足之處提出意見和建議，並採用實證方法對上市公司或有事項的披露狀況進行了分析。本文共分五章進行論述，第一章是對或有事項的概括性介紹，包括或有事項的涵義、特徵、或有事項會計的產生、或有事項的分類以及或有事項會計的基本框架等，有助於讀者了解本文的一些基本概念；第二部分介紹了或有事項的確認，介紹了或有事項的確認條件和幾種具體或有事項的會計處理；第三部分介紹了或有事項的計量，包括或有事項的計量原則和計量屬性的選擇等問題；第四部分介紹了或有事項的披露，包括或有資產、或有負債、預計負債等的披露；第五部分選取了部分上市公司的年報進行實證分析，指出了我國上市公司在或有事項披露方面存在的問題，並提出了完善我國上市公司或有事項信息披露的建議。The first part of this thesis talks about the history of the development of policy of vocational and technical education in macao and the situation of vocational and technical education before and after the introduction of the related regulations. the second part is a research on the implementation of policy development of the vocational and technical education. this part is an analysis and a study on the following areas : 1 ) organization : it states the specifically appointed management bodies and persons in charge of the vocational and technical education ; organizational hierarchy of the vocational and technical educational institutes ; and also introduces the general situation of the public and private vocational and technical educational institutes ; 2 ) management : this part talks about the policy of administrative management, regulations, compliments and penalties ; 3 ) and 4 ) students and teachers : these two parts constitute a comparison of the vocational and technical education and the current regular education by means of comparing the data of the teachers, students and the learning situations of the students ; 5 ) curriculum : this part is a research of the situation of the vocational and technical education curriculum after the introduction of having vocational and technical subjects in regular education
第二部分是探討澳門職業技術教育發展政策的實施，並按以下各范疇作出分析與研究（一）組織方面，展述職業技術教育由哪些專門管理機構與專人負責；職業技術教育機構的組織架構，也分別介紹公立及私立職業技術教育機構的具體情況； （二）管理方面，涉及各職業技術教育機構的具體行政管理措施、規章、婆勵、撒穎等； （三）輿（四）肇生輿教鉚方面，就瞞案技衍教育在教頗、警生及其肇曾的情況，通遇敷嫁反映其現今瞰巢技衍教育輿正規教育的比較； （五）裸程方面，探豺自暇巢技附教育法令遁布俊，澳的膝棠技頒教育毅橫髓毅駿等裸程的情況，輿及在一般普通教育殿橫髓殷一些瞞案技衍教育科目的情沉。For example, the procuratorial jurisdiction to investigate into official crimes is strictly restrained, the procuratorial authority is incomplete, and the reporting system to take compulsory measures to deputies to the national people ’ s congress is unperfected. the second is that the present double - leadership system limits the investigation authority to be practiced independently and legally. third, the working procedures of the national procuratorial system, such as the irrational setup of organizations, the lack of talented investigators and material supplies, restrict the healthy development of the investigations into official crimes
一是現有法律規范不完善，包括檢察機關職務犯罪偵查的管轄范圍過窄、檢察機關偵查權的不完整、對人大代表採取強制措的報告制度不完善等;二是檢察機關現行的雙層領導體制制約了職務犯罪偵查權的依法獨立行使;三是全國檢察系統的偵查工作機制限制了職務犯罪偵查工作的健康發展，如:機構設置不合理、偵查人才和物質保障不力等等;四是檢察機關偵查權行使的不規范現象給檢察機關的職務犯罪偵查工作帶來了一些負面影響。This dissertation is aiming to obtain something good to develop and improve our taxation legal system, with the comparison of the two tax law of the two nations, which is more significant for our china, which has short history of the legal system of taxation. it consists five parts. in the former four parts, it offers the comparative research of the two nations in building taxation law, tax administration system, taxation system, distribution via taxation respectively
本論文正文共分五個部分，第一部分從模式和內容方面對中美稅收法律建設進行比較；第二部分對兩國稅收法製作用下的稅收管理體制進行比較，主要從管理機構、征管模式、分稅制進行比較；第三部分對中美稅制進行比較，主要在稅制結構、稅負以及稅種結構；第四部分中美稅收分配關系比較，主要從其作用結果比較，對三種主要的稅法予以比較。Firstly, the paper retrospects the development of eso and tries to probe into the theoretical field : the explanation of it ' s definition, the conclusion of it ' s characters, the comparison of eso and other stock inspiration system, followed by the analysis of it ' s theoretical basis and incentive effect ; meanwhile, the paper probes into the realistic situations of eso in usa and china in order to seek the regulation and draw the advantages and disadvantages ; to this part, the paper takes the following four items as the main barriers to eso ' s implementation in china : the over restriction of current law system, the low efficiency of the market, the poor corporate governance structure and a lack of a reasonable performance index system, and elaborately analyze the impacts of the obstacles on eso ; after the analysis made above, the paper gets down to taking some methods to solve the problems in accordance with the characteristic of the barriers. as far as the internal defects of the mechanism are concerned, the paper begins with the scientifically design of the key components, studying the aspects of bestowal, change, loss, the executive method and the executive time. then the paper focuses on designing a performance index system which is an essential part of eso, introducing the bsc to improve the present performance index system, under the reasonable guidelines resigning it at both the levels of company ' s and employee ' s levels. finally, as regards how to perfect the outside surrounding of eso, the thesis makes some suggestion
本文首先回顧了股票期權制在國內外的發展及較為詳盡的分析了股票期權制度的相關理論：闡述了其涵義，特徵，理論基礎，激勵效應並於其他幾個較易混淆的股權激勵機製作逐一的比較，以進一步澄清人們對其的錯誤認識；同時，對股票期權制在美國和我國的現狀進行深入的實證研究，探求其內在規律，在肯定其成果時指出其不足；至此，筆者認為，我國上市公司要推行股票期權制度將主要面臨以下四類障礙：公司治理結構不完善、市場有效性差、現行法規體系不完善及缺乏客觀的業績考評指標體系，並詳細分析了各類障礙的現狀及對股票期權制的負面影響；在此基礎上，針對各類障礙的不同性質，著手探討消除這些障礙的措施：對于股票期權制內部的缺陷，本文先對各個關鍵要素進行科學設計，系統的剖析了贈與、變更、喪失、執行方式、股票來源等技術性問題，再以大量篇幅研究了如何構建出一套與實施股票期權制相配套的業績考核指標體系，引進平衡計分卡的思想對國內現有的指標體系加以改進，以一組合理的評價原則為指導，從公司及員工個人業績考評兩個層面上來設計該指標體系。The part of conclusion give a thorough explain of those key factors that are right to result in the negative way of china report in united states medias
第四部分的結論對造成美國媒體對中國負面報道的幾個關鍵因素進行了深入闡釋。The forth part summarizes factors by means of which u. s. news media influences foreign policy decision, such as : communication technology, news report, public opinion, nationalism, the president, conservative thoughts, etc. the paper ends with analysis on the trend how media influences foreign policy decision, and what kind of role it is going to play on sino - u. s. relations and what measures china should take to counteract the negative influences bringing by u. s. news media
第四部分分析了美國新聞媒體影響對外政策決策的動因。本文認為科技、保守主義思潮、民族主義、新聞議題、公眾、總統等因素是美國新聞媒體影響對外政策決策的根本原因之所在。本文在結語部分總結了美國新聞媒體影響對外政策決策的發展趨勢、新聞媒體在中美關系中的作用及中國如何應對美國新聞媒體對中國的負面報道。The third kind of channels is the asset prices channels, in particular the equity ( stock and bond ) price channels, which include the investment - related tobin ' s q channel and the consumption - related wealth channel. the fourth kind of channels is the exchange rate channel. each channel is related to an implicit financial structure and the financial structure impacts on the scope and relative strength of the concerned kind of monetary transmission channels
第3章根據資金流量帳戶，從金融工具的發展速度和順序、金融總體相關比率和相對比率、金融機構和金融市場的結構和滲透程度、非金融部門（居民、企業和政府）的金融資產負債結構共四大方面，系統地考察了中國金融結構的變遷軌跡，以及以美國為參照系的演變前景。In this part, the writer presents the general situation of moral personality of contemporary college students in terms of cognizing level, moral emotion, willpower, and behavioral criteria. in the second part of this section, the writer reveals the existing problems of moral personality from the dependency of moral behavior, duality of moral evaluation, lack of moral emotion, and separation of personality elements. in the last part of the section, the writer analyzes the causes for the problems from the influences of limitation of traditional morality, the negative influences of market economy, influences of insufficiency of moral education in reality and the influences of college students " lack of moral cultivation
這部分首先從道德認知水平提高、道德情感增強、道德意志堅強、道德行為規范等方面論述當代大學生道德人格總體上積極健康；其次從道德認知的閑置性、道德情感的冷漠性、道德意志自主的缺乏性、道德行為的雙重性等方面揭示當代大學生道德人格中存在的問題；最後從傳統道德人格局限性的影響、市場經濟的負面影響、現實道德教育的不足、大學生道德修養欠缺等四個方面揭示當代大學生道德人格問題的原因。By researching, the major innovations of this paper are : ( 1 ) analysises the assets and liabilities table and the loss and gain table of life insurance companies in china from 1998 to 2001 in detail, comprehensively reflects the structure of assets and liabilites in the life insurance companies even in the whole life insurance industry of our country during the recent years ; ( 2 ) on the aspect of assets management, our country should reduce the proportion of monetory assets, improve the proportion of investment assets and establish the scientific investment management system, and suitably lower the proporty of the fixed assets on the premise of guaranteeing the operation ; ( 3 ) on the aspect of management of matching assets and liabilities, the life insurance company of our country should reduce the sales of the policies of prearranged high insuranc rate, develop the new type of life insurance products and match each policy with prearranged high interest rate with high interest rate investment correspondingly ; ( 4 ) as refering to the index system of assets and liabilities management of the commercial banks in our country, it has explored that of the life insura
第三部分從壽險公司的資產管理、負債管理、資產負債匹配管理及資產負債匹配管理評價指標四個方面進行了分析和研究。本文的主要創新之處是： （ 1 ）將自1998年至2001年國內所有壽險公司的資產負債表和損益表進行了詳細的分析，比較全面地反映了我國近年來各壽險公司及整個壽險業資產負債的結構狀況； （ 2 ）在資產管理方面，我國應適當降低貨幣類資產的比例、提高投資類資產的比例並建立科學的投資管理體系、保證經營的前提下適當降低固定資產的比例、盡量減少佔用類資產的比例等； （ 3 ）在資產負債匹配管理方面，我國壽險公司應盡量減少高預定利率保單的銷售、發展新型壽險產品，每銷售一批較高預定利率的保單就應選擇相應高利率的投資與之對應匹配； （ 4 ）借鑒我國商業銀行資產負債管理的指標體系，探討了壽險公司資產負債匹配管理的指標體系。In terms of the analytical method, the thesis mainly adopts comparative analysis method, ratio analysis method and index analysis method. in terms of analysis indicators, as the present ones used by institutional units are very simple, and to make the analysis more comprehensive and the indicators more comparative, the thesis redesigns the financial statement ' s analytical indicator system for the moa institutional units, adds 7 new analytical indicators, and incorporate old and new indicators into four categories, namely income expenditure indicator, balance sheet indicator, accumulation indicator and capital operation indicator
論文在分析方法的選擇上主要採用了比較分析法和比率分析法和指數分析法；在分析指標的選擇上，由於目前事業單位財務分析指標過于簡單，為了使分析更加全面，指標更具可比性，論文對農業部事業單位決算分析指標體系進行了重新設計，新增了7項分析指標，並將原有指標和新增指標歸納為收支指標、資產負債指標、事業積累指標和資產運營指標四類。The input voltage of the piezoresistive transducer, gain, sampling frequency and negative delay can respectively be graded through programming. the stored system is specially designed to have two modes of trigger ( namely, external trigger through wire breakage and inner trigger through overpressure signal ), reading software and interface circuit that are of
該測試系統可通過編程選擇傳感器供電電壓（兩檔） 、放大倍數（四種） 、采樣頻率（四種） 、負延遲（四種） ；同時具有斷線外觸發和超壓信號內觸發兩種觸發方式；讀數的軟體和介面電路都具有串併兼容特性；系統還具有狀態自檢和定時上電等功能。Firstly, the basic theory of full - bridge phase - shift zvs pwm converters are expatiated and another three kinds of circuits of full - bridge phase - shift zvs pwm converters are discussed. there are four kinds of problems which are emphasized : how to expand the zvs range ; how to reduce the circulation in the primary side of the transformer in order to minimize the on state losses ; how to decrease the loss of effective duty circle and how to eliminate the parasitic oscillation of the output rectifiers
本文首先分析了基本的全橋移相zvsdc dc變換器的工作原理，為解決滯后橋臂不易實現零電壓開關（ zvs ）的情況，討論了另外三種全橋移相zvsdc dc變換器的電路拓撲，重點分析並解決了四個方面的問題：如何擴大zvs的負載范圍；減小變壓器原邊環流，降低變換器系統通態損耗；減少變壓器次邊有效占空比丟失；消除輸出整流二極體的寄生振蕩。Basing on the study of the current routing algorithm, it proposes a new sd - anycast routing protocol algorithm. according to the character of this protocol, it implements this new protocol by adding additional packet header, routing maintaining and node dealing modules. lastly, according to creating prototype system and designing four comparing experiments, it gets the experiment statistical data, and makes a conclusion that this routing protocol algorithm has a better performance on one way delay, output, load balance and etc
本文首先介紹了anycast服務的概念、特點以及研究現狀;在分析了路由協議的一些相關知識和當今anycast路由協議的研究現狀的基礎上，深入研究了當前的路由協議演算法，提出了一個sd - anycast協議演算法，並在網路模擬軟體ns2設計平臺中根據該協議的特點，通過設計數據包報頭、路由表維護和節點處理等功能模塊，實現了該協議演算法;最後通過建立原型系統並設計四個對比實驗，得出實驗統計數據，定量地測定了該路由協議演算法在單程路徑延遲、吞吐量和負載平衡等方面所具有的優越性。Then, based on the summarization and evaluation of the fruits and shortage other scholars made, this paper brings forward the research hypotheses. on the base of fully understanding of various research models of value relevance, this paper chooses the feltham - ohlson model and the balance sheet model as the basic mod els and adjusts the two models to test the value relevance of accounting data of listed a share corporations in china. the research result shows : ( 1 ) in the period from 1996 to 2001 the value relevance of accounting information in china is falling with the implementation and changing of every financial accounting standard ; ( 2 ) when testing listed corporations suffering loss the feltham - ohlson model is invalid ; ( 3 ) compared with 2000, the accounting data of 2001 is n ' t more conservative but more aggressive ; and ( 4 ) this paper ca n ' t judge whether the book value of corporation assets after computing the asset reduction required by " accounting regulation of corporations " is closer to that before computing, and it needs further researching
在對各種價值相關研究模型充分理解的基礎上，本文有針對性地選擇feltham - ohlson模型和資產負債表模型作為研究的基本模型，並根據所研究的具體問題對模型進行了修正，用以檢驗我國a股上市公司會計數據的價值相關性，研究結論如下： 1 、 1996 2001年我國會計信息的價值相關性沒有隨各項具體會計準則的頒布和變更逐年提高，反而逐年降低； 2 、 feltham - ohlson模型在檢驗虧損上市公司時失效，這可能是我國資本市場中特有因素造成的； 3 、與2000年相比， 2001年會計數據不但沒有更謹慎，反而更「激進」 ； 4 、本文檢驗結果無法判斷計提《企業會計制度》新要求的四項資產減值準備后計算出的企業資產帳面價值是否比未計提資產減值準備計算出的資產帳面價值更接近企業真實的經濟價值，有待今後做進一步的研究。In the forth part, i analyzed others causes of contemporary terrorism : such as some negative affects of mass media and hi - technology and psychological motivations of terrorists
第四部分:當代恐怖主義產生的其他原因。這部分論述大眾媒體、高科技的一些負面影響以及恐怖分子的心理動機，以便更全面更深人的探討恐怖主義產生的原因。In part iv the present writer explains the negative affect of traditional culture, traditional education system, the subject construction and the lesson plan, inadequate students and limited present condition and some other key problems that exist in our present post - graduate innovational education
第四部分：闡述了傳統文化的負面效應、傳統教育制度、不利於創新教育的學科結構與課程體系、指導教師素質缺欠、培養生源不足及辦學條件不足等方面對實施研究生創新教育的限製作用。分享友人