負面風險 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fùmiànfēngxiǎn]
負面風險 英文
downside risk
  • 負 : Ⅰ名詞1 （負擔） burden; load 2 （虧損） loss 3 （失敗） defeat Ⅱ動詞1 [書面語] （背） carry on th...
  • 面 : Ⅰ名詞1 （頭的前部; 臉） face 2 （物體的表面） surface; top 3 （外露的一層或正面） outside; the ri...
  • 風 : Ⅰ名詞1 （空氣流動） wind 2 （風氣; 風俗） practice; atmosphere; custom 3 （景象） scene; view 4 ...
  • 險 : Ⅰ名詞1 （險惡不容易通過的地方） a place difficult of access; narrow pass; defile 2 （危險） dange...
  • 風險 : risk; hazard; danger
  1. The second is the part transferring of property, holding that during the ownership reserved, the subordinate relationship of object belongs to a floating state, so both the bargainer and the bargainee cant not be said to possess the complete ownership, whereas with the payment, the ownership gradually shifts from the bargainer to the bargainee

    其次分析了所有權保留的效力，主要是從出賣人的取回權、買受人的期待權、標的物的風險負擔以及對第三人的效力等四個方面展開論述，並表明了自己的觀點。
  2. Part iiilegal issues upon the reform of toll and tax in countryside this part is concentrated to show six problems that the reform of toll and tax in countryside is to be up against and is to be peremptorily settled as following : the first one, in the confirming of agricultural tax, it is very difficult to protect the farmer ' s rights fairly because of unscientific of the evidence at assessment, highly of tax rate, and the absence of law and statute correlatively ; the second one, on the tax levying, there lack of legal systems that is to supervise and run, especially lack of law and statute which lead to collect agricultural special tax canonically ; the third one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside extrudes unbalance burden among farmers and countries, and lead to unevenly between subject of tax payment, which breaches the legal rule of balanceable tax ; the fourth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside faces the danger that farmers " burden tends to rebound because of weakly carry through legal rule on tax statutory and absent of law and statute correlatively ; the fifth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside affects the finance and revenue - expenditure auditing of the grass roots and father affects the grass roots to raise fee upon public construction and education, as a result, there ' s more charge that is out of law, the monocracy of grass roots " finance ought to be carry out ; the sixth one, legal measures connect with the reform of toll and tax in countryside in dire need of to be built, which mainly conclude legal system that adjust country social security, country compulsory education and country debt

    第三部分? ?農村稅費改革的法律課題集中展示了農村稅費改革所面臨且亟待解決的六大法律問題。即：其一，在確定農業稅上，計稅依據不科學、稅率偏高、相關法律規范缺失，無法平等保護農民的合法權益；其二，在農村稅收的徵收上，缺乏行之有效的法律監督和運行機制，尤其是農業特產稅的徵收缺乏保障據實徵收的法律規范;其三，稅費改革凸顯農民之間、農村之間的負擔不均，使納稅主體的權利義務失衡，有悖稅負均衡的法律原則;其四，由於稅收法定主義沒有得到有效貫徹，規制農民負擔反彈方面的法律法規缺位，致使農村稅費改革潛伏著農民負擔反彈的風險;其五，稅費改革影響基層組織的財政收支，進而影響鄉村公益事業建設及教育經費的籌措，引發稅外亂收費沉渣泛起，基層財政體製法治化勢在必行;其六，與稅費改革相關的配套法律措施巫待構建，主要是農村社會保障法律體系、鄉村義務教育和鄉村債務疏導的法律支撐魚待構建與完善。第四部分一一農村稅費改革與相關法律制度的構建基於上一部分提出的法律問題，力圖構築農村稅費改革的法律框架並提出相應對策。
  3. The commercial bank is facing the very high liquidity risk on the capital, liability, asset and the adaptive ability of environment change

    國有商業銀行在資本金、負債、資產、以及對宏觀環境變化的應變能力方面都面臨者很大的流動性風險。
  4. The local bank debt - to - asset ratio is widespread and higher, which could not reach basel agreement ’ s provision on capitalization rate. entry into wto five years later, the local bank will face the overall competition in rmb realm with the foreign capital bank. “ internal revolt and outer invasion ” urges the banking system risk, the assets profitability ’ s descends will let the bank get close to a bankruptcy

    國內銀行資產負債率普遍偏高，達不到巴賽爾協議的對資本充足率的相關規定，進入wto五年後又將面臨外資銀行在人民幣領域的全面競爭， 「內憂外患」促使銀行業系統風險的增強，資產營利能力的下降讓銀行步入瀕臨破產的邊緣。
  5. Commercial banks face foreign exchange risks when their assets and liabilities are denominated in foreign currencies and when commercial banks take major position as traders in the spot and forward foreign currency markets. in chapter three, it carries on comparative

    商業銀行同樣也面臨著以上三類風險，但在商業銀行面臨的外匯風險中，最主要是由外匯交易以及資產負債不匹配而產生的外匯風險，這是本文主要研究
  6. But this investment type belongs to the gray district of law, supervision and regulation. operating with no norm, and having higher risk in the meantime, it will have the negative influence on the social stabilization and investors ’ benefits

    但這一投資類型屬於法律和監管的灰色地帶，運作不規范，具有較高的風險，並對社會穩定和資本市場的發展都會帶來沖擊和負面影響。
  7. The overall downside risk to global financial stability has indeed increased, but we should face it calmly and rationally

    盡管全球金融穩定的負面風險因油價上升而明顯增加了，但是我們應該保持冷靜，理性地面對這個情況。
  8. The level of sensitivity analysis must be sufficient to demonstrate the financial impact of both upside potential and downside risks ( section 5. 4. 2 of the ifp refers )

    敏感度分析的詳細程度，須足以證明正面潛力和負面風險的財務影響（見發展建議邀請書第5 . 4 . 2節） 。
  9. Under the current policies and regulations as well as the market situation, it is suggested to improve their management skill in the following aspects : to increase the investment proportion of the available assets to seek higher investment return ; to optimize the capital structure by emphasizing the balanced management of liabilities and assets ; to strengthen risk control and invest ment appraisal to ensure sustained and steady return

    面臨業務拓展型向經營管理型轉型期的中國保險企業，在現行政策法規與市場環境下，可著眼于提高可投資資產比例；規劃資產結構，實行資產負債管理；加強風險控制與績效評估，保證持續回報。
  10. The financial risk is the possibility that an actual financial standing deviate the financial target. internal control is the method, measure with procedure that guarantee business activity ' s validity proceeds and the safety of assets etc. essentially internal control is the emollient means prevent the internal financial risk of business enterprise. preventing the financial risk is the ultimate end purpose to develop internal control

    財務風險是實際財務狀況與預期財務目標發生負面偏離的可能性，內部控制是單位為了保證各項業務活動的有效進行、確保資產的安全完整、防止欺詐和舞弊行為、實現經營管理目標等而制定和實施的一系列只有控制職能的方法、措施和程序。
  11. The characteristics of home mortgages themselves determines that there will be poor liquidity of the assets and it is because of this that at present every bank closely restricts the term of the loan. a third defect is that there are large risks because the mortgage loan is a very long - term creditor ' s asset and the bank is faced with huge risks in the interest rates. in addition, credit risks will occur when the client losses their ability to repay the loan for any reason or when the client feels that the benefits of breaching the contract outweigh the losses and the bank, as the operator of the financial products as its main business, will promptly recover the mortgaged items

    儲蓄期限一般較短，而按揭貸款的還款期限較長，銀行長期資產與短期負債不匹配，就不能化解未來不確定性帶來的風險；二是資產的流動性和期限呈反方向變動，期限越長，流動性越低，住房抵押貸款本身的特性決定了其流動性較差，因此目前各銀行都嚴格限制貸款期限；三是風險大，由於按揭貸款是期限很長的債權資產，銀行面臨的利率風險就很大；另外，當客戶因某種原因失去償還能力或者認為違約產生的利益超過違約所產生的損失時，就會發生信用風險，而銀行以金融產品為主要業務，即使收回抵押物，但如何處置不良資產仍是諸多銀行頭痛的問題。
  12. It is carrying on under the condition that the government pushes forward the reform energetically. in regard to reform, the government carries the troublesome mission, also facing the enormous risk

    中國的社會轉型是在政府大力推動改革的條件下進行的，就改革而言，政府肩負著繁難的任務，也面臨著巨大的風險。
  13. At first, this thesis analyzed some essential elements about the system of personal houe loan and make the compare to chinese and foreign system, and established the system of personal credit evaluate ; the second, the thesis discusses the investment technique and strategy of national debt in the provident fund, and established the model about how to invest the national debt ; the third, the thesis build the forecast model about fund collecting and drawing, and make use of the combination invest theories to build model of individual loan and national debt ; at last, the thesis analyses the risk ' s inside reason of house funds with the risk type, and to give out the related suggestion to funds risk. mechanism. the thesis research show me how to make use of that some models and methods in the process of haf management and make me deeply understand the house funds

    本文首先分析了個人住房貸款制度基本要素，即貸款期限、貸款利率與抵押物價值的比例、政府在個人住房貸款市場中的作用、貸款違約情況下的處置措施、個人住房貸款的流動性問題，並對中外製度作了比較，建立了個人信用評分評級體系和信用評估模型，並以重慶市住房公積金為研究對象做出了住房資金個貸風險評估的實證研究；其次，分析了影響國債價格走勢的因素，討論了公積金國債的投資技巧和策略，並建立了基於理論的國債投資組合模型；接下來，根據資產負債管理理論中的資金總庫法和資金分配法分析了公積金總體資金項目的來源和運用，並就此作了總量平衡模型，對住房公積金季度累計歸集金額作了直線回歸和季節趨勢比率預測，運用投資組合理論建立了公積金個人貸款和國債投資組合的最優化模型；最後，探析了住房資金風險的內在原因和風險類型，從資金籌集風險、信貸回歸風險、保險機制、法律風險和政策風險五個方面為住房資金風險防範機制建設提出了相關建議。
  14. Based on the analysis of commercial banks " current concept about fund management, this paper brings forward that fund management is the main - string in its operation, and that the concept of fund management, including security and profitability, is extended from current " forrying fund " to the management of the fund cost and fund risk the paper comprehensively discusses the principle of fund management, the management of fund costs, the tactics of management about fund liquidity, the measures of management about fund risks and how to solve the problems on interest risk in the period of frequent interest fluctuation. the paper puts forward ideas on how to improve the fund management. the security, liquidity and profitability of the fund, which are both contradictory and integrated with one another, are internal factors of fund management. fund liquidity is traditional core question. commercial banks face with a number of risks of witch credit risk is the greatest one because our country has adjusted interest rates 8 times since 1996, which covered a period of frequent interest fluctuation

    商業銀行面對許多風險，但最大風險是信用風險。由於我國自1996年以來已連續調整了8次利率，近幾年是利率波動頻繁時期，研究利率的敏感性問題顯得特別重要。要改善資金管理，提高商業銀行的經營水平，就要建立資金管理是商業銀行經營主線的理念，對資金要統一規劃和管理；要改革銀行的體制，建立現代企業制度和法人治理結構，在體制上為資金管理提供有利的運行平臺；增加改善資金流動性管理所需的貨幣政策工具，擴大資金調控手段；打破貨幣市場的僵化局面，為資金管理創造有利的宏觀環境；續續優化負債結構和負債載體設計；增強資金信用風險規避和化解的措施；通過銀行資源整合，努力尋找資金的安全投放渠道，最終完成經營模式由傳統型向現代型的轉變。
  15. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  16. The essay has also proposed the combined hedging tactics of preventing credit risks and option with option margin and the method of adopting stock option to address the issue of trustee or agent risks. it has constructed its option model relating to rate and exchange risks to manage interest rate risk through the implementation of interest rate guarantee, caps and floors as well as swaption

    綜上，我們認為在經濟學中，風險的定義，是指人們由於對未來行為的訣策及客觀條件下的不確定性，而導致實際結果與預期結果之間的偏差程度，這種不確定性既可能帶來正面，也可能帶來負面的影響。
  17. When the goods have been shipped on deck in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the carrier shall not be liable for the loss of or damage to the goods caused by the special risks involved in such carriage

    承運人依照前款規定將貨物裝載在艙面上，對由於此種裝載的特殊風險造成的貨物滅失或者損壞，不負賠償責任。
  18. Chapter one briefly introduces the classification of the risks, including the asset risk, liability risk, asset / liability matching risk and operational risk faced by the insurance company ; and then provides a general discussion of the insurance regulation and the solvency regulation

    第一章從保險公司面臨的風險的分類出發，簡要介紹了保險公司面臨的資產風險、負債風險、資產/負債「匹配」或「相互影響」的風險和經營風險，對保險監管和償付能力監管進行了概述。
  19. Fund transfer pricing system and capital assignment system is the concrete organizing method of erm, which are responsible to the collecting and transmitting signals between leading group and basic unit and among every business segments inside the bank

    資金轉移定價體系和風險資本分配體系是全面風險管理體系的具體組織方法，負責在銀行內部領導層和基層之間，以及各業務部門之間收集與傳遞信號。
  20. Fundamentalist life can be nerve - racking, but fundamentalists can reduce the cost of risk - bearing by simply not following day - by - day price fluctuations too closely

    基本面分析派的生活可能會很傷腦筋，但他們可以降低負擔風險的代價，只要不過於密切地追蹤每日價格波動。
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