貨幣成本 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [huòbìchéngběn]
貨幣成本 英文
monetary cost
  • 貨 : Ⅰ名詞1. （貨幣; 錢） money 2. （貨物; 商品） goods; commodity 3. （指人, 罵人的話） 4. 動詞[書面語] （出賣） sell
  • 幣 : 名詞（貨幣） currency; money; coin
  • 成 : Ⅰ動詞1 （完成; 成功） accomplish; succeed 2 （成為; 變為） become; turn into 3 （成全） help comp...
  • 本 : i 名詞1 （草木的莖或根）stem or root of plants 2 （事物的根源）foundation; origin; basis 3 （本錢...
  • 貨幣 : money; currency
  1. These countries purchased us and canadian dollars, pounds sterling, deutsche mark, belgian and french francs, australian dollars, mexican pesos, argentine pesos, italian lire, danish and norwegian kroner, swedish kronor, japanese yen, austrian schillings, spanish pesetas, netherlands guilders, finnish mark, irish pounds, south african rand, brazilian cruzeiros, venezuelan bolivars and malaysian ringgits, aggregating $ 22008 million, in exchange for an equivalent amount of their own currencies

    這些國家購買美元、加拿大元、英鎊、德國馬克、比利時法郎和法國法郎、澳大利亞元、墨西哥比索、阿根廷比索、義大利里拉、丹麥克郎和挪威克郎、瑞典克郎、日元、奧地利先令、西班牙比塞塔、荷蘭盾、芬蘭馬克、愛爾蘭鎊、南非蘭特、巴西克魯賽羅、委內瑞拉博利瓦和馬來西亞林吉特，兌換成各成員國本國的等值貨幣，總金額達220 . 08億美元。
  2. These countries purchased us and canadian dollars, pounds sterling, deutsche mark, belgian and french francs, australian dollars, mexican pesos, argentine pesos, italian lire, danish and norwegian kroner, swedish kronor, japanese yen, austrian schillings, anish pesetas, netherlands guilders, fi ish mark, irish pounds, south african rand, brazilian cruzeiros, venezuelan bolivars and malaysian ringgits, aggregating $ 22008 million, in exchange for an equivalent amount of their own currencies

    這些國家購買美元、加拿大元、英鎊、德國馬克、比利時法郎和法國法郎、澳大利亞元、墨西哥比索、阿根廷比索、義大利里拉、丹麥克郎和挪威克郎、瑞典克郎、日元、奧地利先令、西班牙比塞塔、荷蘭盾、芬蘭馬克、愛爾蘭鎊、南非蘭特、巴西克魯賽羅、委內瑞拉博利瓦和馬來西亞林吉特，兌換成各成員國本國的等值貨幣，總金額達220 . 08億美元。
  3. The market economy fast developing in today, essence and function of the currency take place the variation, the currency become " the whole value common denominators ", make the persons living world turn into materialization and value commensuration, thus explaining the " belief crisis " and lose criterion of the emotion worlds of modem people

    摘要在市場經濟迅猛發展的今天，貨幣的本質和職能都發生了異變，貨幣成了「一切價值的會分母」 ，使人的生活世界物化和價值通約化，從而解釋了現代人「信仰危機」和情感世界失范的根源。
  4. If the cost of money is higher, the cutoff point for the incremental investment is also high.

    貨幣成本高，增加投資的終止點也高。
  5. For the purpose of these conditions, securities shall include but not be limited to the following investments shares in companies incorporated in any jurisdiction ; debenture stock, loan stock, bonds, notes, certificates of deposit, commercial paper or other debt instruments, including government, public agency, municipal and corporate issues ; warrants to subscribe for the above investments ; depositary receipts or other types of instruments relating to the above investments ; unit trusts, mutual funds and similar schemes established in any jurisdiction, options, whether on any investment herein described, on currencies, precious metals or other assets, or an option on an option ; contracts for the purchase or sale at a pre - agreed price and at a future date of any investment herein described or any currency, precious metal or similar asset ; viii contracts for differences or contracts on indices ; investments which are similar or related to any of the foregoing ; and unless otherwise expressly agreed, documents of title or documents evidencing title to investments previously deposited by the customer with the bank in connection with the provision by the bank of custody of investments and provision of securities services

    此等條件所指的證券包括但不限於以下投資項目i在任何司法管轄權區注冊成立之公司之股份ii包括由政府公共機構市政府及企業所發行的債權股證貸款股額債券票據存款證商業票據或其他債務票據iii以上投資項目之認購權證iv有關上述投資項目之存款收據或其他種類之票據v在任何司法管轄權區成立之單位信託互惠基金及類似計劃vi上述之任何投資項目貨幣貴金屬或其他資產之期權或期權之期權vii按預先協定價格及在將來日期買賣任何此等投資項目或任何貨幣貴金屬或類似資產之合約viii差價合約或指數合約ix類似或有關上述任何一項之投資項目及x除非已另有明確的協定，客戶先前存放在本行之投資項目之所有權文件或可證明該等項目的所有權的其他文件。
  6. Because along with the liberalization of china ’ s capital account, once the economic developing speed slows down, capital account and current account ’ s surpluses reverse to deficits, the appreciation expect of renminbi will be changed. at the same time, the high quota savings in china ’ s banks will also bring us inflation pressure, inapparent currency substitution may be turn into visible currency substitution. also, the great deal of currency substitution inclining may convert into real currency substitution because of the vulnerable financial system

    但另一方面，它又離我們那麼近，因為隨著中國資本賬戶開放的逐漸深入，一旦我國經濟不能保持高速發展，資本賬戶和經常賬戶雙順差現象出現逆轉，人民幣升值的預期將被改變，而我國高額的人民幣儲蓄也將給我國帶來通脹壓力，隱性的貨幣替代將有轉為顯性貨幣替代的可能，由於金融體系脆弱性所造成的大量貨幣替代傾向也很可能轉化為真實的貨幣替代。
  7. Then the article analyses the causes of chinese listed companies " equity finance preference, the soft restraint of equity capital cost, the director and manager pursuing to the incurrence income, interests conflicts of big shareholders and minor shareholders and the undeveloped corporate bond market in china

    然後，對股權融資偏好產生的原因進行了分析，認為股權資本成本的軟約束、董事和經理追求非貨幣收益、大股東與小股東的利益沖突、企業債券市場發展滯后等是我國上市公司股權融資偏好產生的主要原因。
  8. Government ' s monopoly of capital market also leaded to the " shell " value of listed company which is irrelative to the company ' s invest value, which made the higher general price in the market. in addition to, the structure of investors which is consisting of many individual investors and few institution investors lets it easy to manipulate the stock market for the institution investors. according to the origins of the systematic risk, it is necessary to improve the market mechanism and market efficiency to eliminate the system root of the risk to decrease the risks

    突出地表現在：資本市場服務于國企轉制，造成上市公司股權結構存在缺陷，致使公司治理失效，上市公司缺乏持續發展的能力，公司經營風險轉化為市場的系統性風險；政府對資本市場準入的行政性壟斷，形成上市公司「殼」價值，虛高股票市場價格，引發系統性風險；金融市場分割，特別是貨幣市場資金缺乏進入資本市場的正常渠道，利率市場化水平低，影響金融資產定價，導致違規融資盛行，加大了市場風險；而由於市場監管不到位，以散戶為主的投資主體結構，則易導致機構大戶利用內幕信息操縱股價，機構投資者的發展不僅沒有成為穩定市場的力量，反而成為操縱市場的主力，加劇了市場波動。
  9. Chapter three compares the advantage and disadvantage of some key money in the east asian monetary cooperation from the positive economics view, such as yen, dollar, rmb and the asian dollar. the author discusses the frame and content of east asian monetary cooperation, making a full review on the necessity and the possibility of china taking part in east asian monetary coordination

    第三章則對亞洲金融危機后東亞貨幣合作的進展和困境進行了分析，並從實證角度比較分析了日元、人民幣、美元和「亞元」等關鍵貨幣的優缺點，進而在此基礎上，探討了東亞貨幣合作的框架與內容，並深入分析了中國參與東亞貨幣合作的成本與收益。
  10. The whole capital of a merchant frequently consists in perishable goods destined for purchasing money.

    商人的全部資本，往往由容易損壞的、預定用來購買貨幣的貨物構成。
  11. The exchange fund was established in 1935 to provide backing for banknotes after the decision by the hong kong government to abandon the silver standard

    繼香港政府決定取消銀本位貨幣制度后，外匯基金於1935年成立，以作為發行紙幣的支持。
  12. A comparative analysis of cost between the government policy of housing rent subsidization and the new housing construction

    政府興建住房與貨幣補貼成本比較研究
  13. The hkma also established a mortgage corporation to promote monetary and banking stability as well as the growth of the local debt market

    金融管理局亦成立了按揭證券公司，以鞏固貨幣和銀行體系的穩定性，以及促進本港債務市場的發展。
  14. With the development of knowledge economy, the status of human capital has been improved. the human capital has become the most important production factor and an important ingredient of social wealth

    知識經濟的發展，使人的智能化地位獲得空前提高，人力資本已超越了物質資本和貨幣資本成為最主要的生產要素和社會財富的重要組成部分。
  15. Thus, it is necessary for insurance market, money market and capital market to joint together. however, the development of insurance industry is confronted with some new challenges, such as more complicated environment, more risks ( credit, interest rate, exchange rate, stock price change and inflation are inexpectantly affecting the asset / liabilities value of insurance company ), more complicated insurance products and the services, increasingly internationalization of insurance company management and the widespread application of the information technology in the insurance business

    保險市場與貨幣、資本市場接軌成為必然趨勢，保險業也面臨著新的挑戰:一是保險業面臨更復雜的風險因素;二是金融市場的風險日益擴大，利率、匯率、股價變動、通貨膨脹等風險以及信用風險前所未有地影響著保險公司資產/負債價值;三是保險產品和服務更為復雜;四是保險經營的國際化程度大大提高;五是信息技術在保險業得到廣泛應用。
  16. The paper believes that the real cause of formation of enterprise group is the further development of the division of labor and specialization, and explores the relationship between the cause of formation of enterprise group and the division of labor and specialization in the aspects of the market structure, market and government, the limitation on the technological best scale, the form of the inner - transaction of enterprise group, the limitation on the form of monetary capital collection as well the innovation and accumulation of technology. then the paper proves the basic function of the division of labor and specialization in the formation of enterprise group

    在此基礎上，本文提出從分工和專業化的角度對企業集團的形成原因進行了重新分析，認為企業集團的形成原因在於分工和專業化的進一步發展，由此本文從市場結構、政府和市場、技術上最適規模限制、企業集團內交易方式、貨幣資本集中方式的限制以及技術創新和技術積累等方面，探討了分工和專業化與企業集團形成原因之間的聯系，進一步證明了分工和專業化在企業集團形成中基礎性作用。
  17. Export tax refund ( etr ) has been being the focus concerned by the government and enterprises since 1994, when the new tax system began to run. the government had to lower the rates of etr in 1995 and 1996 respectively because the refund - cheating was rampant then. lowering the rates of etr can lessen the burden of public finance, but at the same time, it increased the costs of exports and the goods became less competitive internationally

    1994年新稅制實行以來，出口退稅問題一直為我國財政、稅務、外經貿部門及企業所關注： 1994 、 1995年出口騙稅猖獗，加上增值稅徵收中存在的「征少退多」 ，使財政面臨巨大壓力而不得不兩次下調出口退稅率；退稅率下降雖減輕了財政負擔，但卻加大了出口貨物成本，降低了我國商品在國際市場上的競爭力； 1997年東南亞金融危機發生后，由於我國政府承諾人民幣不貶值，為擴大出口、刺激經濟增長，繼1998年先後，政府又先後多次、分批調高各類商品的出口退稅率。
  18. With the monetary capital surplused by credit inflation, entrepreneur innovation investment forms the most important factor in economic development so that we have to analyse the impact of economic system reforms on solving the dilemma of credit inflation firstly

    鑒于經濟發展由企業家創新投資主導，研究制度安排對與企業家創新投資貨幣資本供給密切相關的信用擴張難題緩解的影響，無疑對剖析經濟增長問題的包括金融體制在內的體製成因具有重要意義。
  19. The key point in solving the dilemma of credit inflation on the basis of the plan economy system is the financial sector wasn " t permitted surpluse monetary capital for entrepreneur innovation investment so that this problem seems solved at lest in definition. however, the direct compulsory saving surplusing the monetary capital for entrepreneur innovation investment in the plan economy made the dilemma of credit inflation become worse more and more so that china was forced to begin economy reforms - oriented the market economy system in 1978

    我國運用計劃經濟體制，緩解信用擴張難題的最大特點莫過于通過建立高度集中的計劃經濟體制和形成直接強制儲蓄機制實現儲蓄和投資職能的合二為一，並在此基礎上基本剝奪金融體系（實質為大一統的銀行體系）參與貨幣資本供給，進行信用擴張的權利，從而消除了信用擴張難題產生的體制基礎，從表面上解決了信用擴張難題。
  20. The other purpose is to establish the comprehensive analysis model of enterpriser ' s selection mechanism, incentive and disciplinary mechanism and enterprise efficiency. the later is based on the former. before analyzing this two models, it is necessary to study how two visual angle of corporate governance structure cut - over and agree with each other, and discover the relation between corporate governance structure and incentive and disciplinary mechanism, in order to offer a background of theory to analyze the problem on incentive and disciplinary ; it is also necessary to construct a basic analysis model for enterprise ' s incentive and disciplinary mechanism, that is to say, the basic concepts, content structure and funct ion mechanism of incentive and disciplinary mechanism should be studied

    人力資本與貨幣資本的關系界定，主要是關于剩餘索取權和剩餘控制權的具體安排，目的是要建立人力資本與貨幣資本各自追求自己期望效用最大化的非協調模型，並在此基礎上構建企業家選擇機制、企業激勵約束機制與企業效率的綜合分析模型，在解讀這兩個模型之前，有必要研討一下，公司治理結構的兩個視角如何切入及契合，從而揭示公司治理結構與企業激勵約束機制的關系，為企業激勵約束機制的分析提供一個理論背景；企業激勵約束問題基本分析模式的構造，即嚴格界定企業激勵機制和約束機制的概念、內容構成和作用機理。
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