責任可說明性 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zérènkěshuōmíngxìng]
責任可說明性 英文
accountability
  • 責 : Ⅰ名詞（責任） duty; responsibility Ⅱ動詞1 （要求做成某事或行事達到一定標準） demand; ask for; req...
  • 任 : 任名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 說 : 說動詞（說服別人聽從自己的意見） try to persuade
  • 明 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （明亮） bright; brilliant; light 2 （明白;清楚） clear; distinct 3 （公開;顯露在外;不隱...
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 責任 : 1. （應做的事） duty; responsibility 2. （應承擔的過失） responsibility for a fault or wrong; blame
  • 說明 : 1 （解釋明白） explain; illustrate; show 2 （解釋意義的話） illustration; instruction; explicatio...
  1. When we had done this, we came back to our castle, and there i fell to work for my man friday ; and first of all, i gave him a pair of linnen drawers, which i had out of the poor gunners chest i mention d, and which i found in the wreck ; and which with a little alteration fitted him very well ; then i made him a jerkin of goat s - skin, as well as my skill would allow ; and i was now grown a tollerable good taylor ; and i gave him a cap, which i had made of a hare - skin, very convenient, and fashionable enough ; and thus he was cloath d for the present, tollerably well ; and was mighty well pleas d to see himself almost as well cloath d as his master : it is true, he went awkardly in these things at first ; wearing the drawers was very awkard to him, and the sleeves of the wastcoat gall d his shoulders, and the inside of his arms ; but a little easing them where he com plain d they hurt him, and using himself to them, at length he took to them very well

    這不由得使我經常想到，上帝對世事的安排，自有其天意，在其對自己所創造的萬物的治理中，一方面他剝奪了世界上許多生物的才幹和良知，另一方面，他照樣賦予他們與我們文明人同樣的能力，同樣的理性，同樣的感情，同樣的善心和責任感，也賦予他們同樣的嫉惡如仇的心理他們與我們一樣知道感恩圖報，誠懇待人，忠貞不渝，相互為善。而且，當上帝給他們機會表現這些才幹和良知時，他們和我們一樣，立即把上帝賦予他們的才幹和良知發揮出來做各種好事，甚至可以說比我們自己發揮得更充分。對此，我不能不感到驚訝。
  2. The author agrees with the dual - meaning doctrine, and defines the concept of criminal proof responsibility based on this doctrine. secondly, the author clears up the relationship between criminal proof responsibility and burden responsibility usually confused by our legal theorists and practicians, and points out that the two concepts are interrelated and mutually distinction. during the overall criminal process, the two concepts are the use of a phased process of dynamic change, with different subjects reflected in the various stages from an

    本文在對兩大法系的刑事證明責任對比的基礎上進行借鑒，並以此對我國的刑事證明責任的概念做出界定，在法學理論上對其分配問題進行了分析，認為無論是從我國現階段的經濟水平還是法律制度的發展水平來說，我國的刑事證明責任都應該以適合中國國情的可操作性為原則來進行分配，並且應該用經濟成本的眼光去看待這個問題的變化與發展。
  3. Instigation has only independence but not dependence from the following angles : revised constitution of crime can directly be utilized to convict ; instigation has serious harmfulness, violates the social relations protected by criminal law and deserves conviction and penalty itself ; to ponder over the circumstances of instigatee during conviction does not indicate the dependence of instigation ; there is causality between instigation and the harmful consequences brought by the crime committed by the instigatee ; literate dependence is not equal to the dependence of instigation ; insisting on the independence of instigation will not lead to convicting by thought ; to recognize the independence of instigation is required by the principle of personal responsibility ; it is a worldwide tendency to accept the independence of instigation in legislation

    從下列八個方面可以得出教唆犯只應具有獨立性，而不具有從屬性：修正的犯罪構成可直接作為定罪的根據；教唆犯罪具有嚴重的社會危害性，本身就侵犯了刑法所保護的社會關系，具有犯罪性和可罰性；教唆犯的定罪、處罰要考慮到被教唆人的情況，但這並不是教唆犯從屬性的體現；教唆行為對被教唆人實施的犯罪所造成的危害結果具有原因力；文理上的從屬性並不能證明教唆犯具有從屬性；教唆犯獨立性說並不是主觀歸罪；堅持教唆犯獨立性說是貫徹刑法個人責任的要求；教唆犯獨立性說是各國立法的趨勢。
  4. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  5. The precondition of studying the distribution of burden of proof in civil lawsuit is to correctly set theoretical definitions for burden of proof as well as the object of burden of proof. going through various viewpoints upon the distribution of burden of proof, they, guided by the substantive law and the principle of justice and fairness, have respective limitations, they strive for the predictability and stability of law, but unavoidably face the problem of little flexibility, which might make the results not so fair, the substantive standards highlight a great flexibility, but might cause careless judge due to the uncertainty of standards

    綜觀證明責任分配諸說，雖均以符合實體法宗旨與公平正義原則為指導思想，但各有其局限，形式性標準致力於實現法的可預測性與穩定性，但卻不可避免地存在靈活性不足的問題，可能使證明責任負擔的結果有欠公平，實質性標準實現了靈活性的長處，卻又存在因標準不確定導致法官恣意裁判危及正義的可能。
  6. In the case neither plaintiff nor defendant have persuaded the trier of fact about whether a particular fact exists, to say that one party shall lose the case is the key point of the question of the burden of proof, it is the last remedy ( " ultima ratio " )

    風險的預設和最終承擔需要明確和公平的規則，證據法中的證明責任問題即針對上述問題進行研究。可以說，證明責任判決是「最後的救濟（ ultimaratio ） 」 。法諺「證明責任是民事訴訟的脊樑」 ，足見證明責任在民事訴訟中的重要性。
  7. If any ) and stating that the beneficiary is fully responsible for the accuracy of issuing the export licence

    受益人證明證明貨物經由合法的出口許可證許可（如有）和說明受益人對出口許可證的真實性負全部責任
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