費用和評論 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [bìyònghépínglún]
費用和評論 英文
charges and commitments
  • 費 : Ⅰ名詞1 （費用） fee; expense; expenditure; dues; charge 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（花費; 耗費） ...
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 和 : 和動詞（在粉狀物中加液體攪拌或揉弄使有黏性） mix （powder） with water, etc. : 和點兒灰泥 prepare some plaster
  • 評 : Ⅰ動詞1. （評論; 批評） comment; criticize; review 2. （評判） judge; appraise Ⅱ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 論 : 論名詞（記錄孔子及其門徒的言行的「論語」） the analects of confucius
  • 費用 : cost; expenses; outlay
  • 評論 : 1 （批評或議論） comment on; discuss; make [give] comment on; deliver oneself of sth ; point the ...
  1. Considering that the enterprise cannot research the " customer - enterprise " value deeply, on the basis of that, the paper puts forward evaluating system of customer value in the enterprise according to value contribution, applies ahp to analyze weight of the indexes in consultation with marketing management and selling personnel of the enterprise and relevant experts and then exert clustering analysis and sas software to classify the customers according to the current value and potential value, provide the strategies of the customer classification management. in addition, any resource is exiguity, including economical resource. this paper defines economical resource, puts forward the model of optimum distributing resource and utilizes the method of linear regress equation to get result, which to grope for a new method about calculating marketing expenditure

    本文首先界定了客戶和客戶價值的含義，同時闡述了關系營銷中客戶價值的理論以及客戶價值的影響因素，針對目前「客戶?企業」價值的研究還不成熟的研究現狀，以及現實中還沒有定量分析客戶價值大小的方法，本文提出了一套具有可操作性的客戶價值評價的指標體系，對客戶可以進行比較全面的、多角度的評價，同時採用ahp法對這個評價體系中的各指標因子賦以合理的權重，然後運用聚類分析法和sas統計軟體對客戶群進行了科學地細分，在此基礎上幫助企業制定出不同細分客戶群組的營銷策略；除此之外，考慮到目前企業對于營銷資源的合理分配問題還沒有進行過深入地討論，本著企業經營的根本目的是盈利的原則，論文結合經濟學原理以及計量經濟學中的多元線性回歸分析提出了實現利潤最大化的營銷資源配置的優化模型，旨在探索一種銷售費用最優配置的方法。
  2. Next analyzed were the characteristics of natural gas pipeline transmission ; cost, ratemaking principle, method of acquiring the pipeline transmission fee, constitution, calculate, management and control after that, wt ; compared service cost methods with economic evaluation methods and the one - part pricing method with the two - part pricing method. later on was introduced the regulate coefficient of pipeline transmission fee structure, established the modificatory two - part pricing method, and found out a natural gas pipeline transmission pricing method that is fit for china ' s current situation. finally, we validated the rationality and applicability of this metho j by the demonstrational analysis on the natural gas pipeline transmission price of " the gas transmission from west to east " pipeline this paper ' s research fundamental is : the fundamental of natural gas pipeline transmission pricing should reflect the characteristics of natural gas pipeline transmission

    本文首先論述了自然壟斷行業的價格理論，然後分析了天然氣管輸的特點、定價原則及管輸費的收取方式、成本、構成、計算及其管理與調控；在此基礎上比較了中外天然氣管輸定價的服務成本法與經濟評價法，一部制定價法與兩部制定價法等；針對目前我國天然氣管道運價的制定現狀，本文深入研究了國際通用的天然氣管輸定價方法，引入「管輸費結構調整系數」的指標，建立修正的兩部制定價方法，找出了一套適合於我國當前國情的恰當的天然氣管輸定價方法，並通過「西氣東輸」管線加以實證分析，驗證了方法的合理性和適用性。
  3. Next, evaluation of cooperative and related theories has been made in social and historical origin, effect and the influence and development, and pointed out : cooperative is resulted from the combination between fair need and marketing system ; cooperative can not achieve the society objectives that the utopian socialism person sought ; nowadays economy productivity makes the cooperative one kind of available form of organization for the weak power colony for seeking the economic interest possesses extensively

    從成本最小化與交易費用的角度出發，人們選擇合作經濟組織形式的實質是合作社所做的作業比合作成員個別完成更能節省生產成本和交易成本，並從中分享規模經濟和范圍經濟的利益。 3合作經濟的所有制形式以合作經濟理論述評和合作經濟質的分析為基礎，本章探討合作經濟的所有制性質與形式。第一，生產資料全部屬勞動者個人所有的形式。
  4. At the point of analyzing the coal transport market, transport means, and the main coal ports, the author specified the market competition which qinhuangdao port faced. based on the whole descriptions of coal transport demands and consumes, we introduced the model of goods distribution and made some analysis about some main coal ports. and through analyzing those aspects we got a whole evaluation of the qinhuangdao port and brought out some realizable measures to the future development, such as : applying the theory of market subdividing, keeping the market share and dealing the consignees " join and developing the straight transport, setting up the center of coal gathering and distributing and dealing, intensifying the management of company, improving the port synthetical ability, fasting the construction of port basic facilities and work the coal transport well

    作者以分析煤炭運輸市場、運輸方式和主要的煤炭運輸港口為著眼點，具體分析了秦皇島港所面臨的市場競爭形勢；通過對煤炭產地和消費地分佈的描述，介紹了煤炭運輸需求和消費的總體概況；並引入物資調運模型對主要港口之間的煤炭運量分配進行了簡單的定量分析；綜合以上分析，對秦皇島港的現狀作出整體評價，提出了切實可行的未來發展對策，即：應用市場細分理論；保住市場分額，做好貨主銜接，發展直達運輸；建立煤炭集散交易中心；強化企業管理，提高港口綜合能力；加快港口基礎設施建設，搞好煤炭運輸生產經營等。
  5. Right now the cost of most of the dvdvcd or movie ticket are covered by the reviewers themselves. that is why the content is greatly limited by the financial ability of the reviewers

    《電影評論》一欄極需資金作電影戲票和vcddvd開銷之用。目前這些費用全由影評人自己或編輯部津貼，支撐得非常吃力。
  6. It is proposed that the fixed capacity investment and cargo discharge regression forecasting model and the optimal average information customer distribution model can be used to predict the cargo o - d distribution. the capacity limitation dynamic increment comprehensive network model can be applied to the prediction of the channel cargo transportation discharge and the turnover discharge in the main courses. the main courses network plan grade can be verified by the total cost method, and according to which the economic rationality of constructing different grade channels can be evaluated

    本文開展了平原水網地區航道網規劃方法的研究，提出了採用固定資產投資完成額與貨運量回歸預測模型；平均信息量用戶最優分佈模型預測貨物o - d的分佈；容量限制動態增量綜合網路配流模型預測干線航道貨物運輸量和周轉量；採用總費用法論證干線航道網規劃等級，據此評定建設不同等級航道的經濟合理性。
  7. The author considers as follows : ( 1 ) we should understand how to define the price of architecture products the cost of engineering and the price of engineering, we should compare the connotations of plan price, float price and market price, we should clarify how engineering cost and architecture installation engineering cost are formed and what is the difference between balance price and final accounts price ; ( 2 ) through analyzing and comparing the account bases and composing contents of enterprise individual production cost and social average production cost, analyzing from the design mechanism ' s function of auction and bid and the purpose of actualizing auction and bid, we can confirm that the foundation that the titles are weeded when judged is enterprise individual production cost, not social average production cost ; ( 3 ) the author considers there is diverge between shop drawing budget based on ration and auction and bid, carrying out bill quantity of construction works can advance the formation of cons truction - product market price, also is the outset and integrant route to close international, but though code of valuation with bill quantity of construction works has a lot of advantage to advance the form of architecture market price, we also see it has lack and it should be amended

    針對以上問題，筆者認為：應該了解建築產品價格與工程造價、工程價格是如何界定的、比較建築產品的計劃價格、浮動價格與市場價格的含義，搞清楚工程造價的構成和建築安裝工程費用的構成以及竣工結算價格與決算價格的區別；通過分析、比較建築產品的「社會平均生產成本」和「企業個別生產成本」的計算依據和構成內容，從招標投標的設計機制的功能和實施招投標的目的來分析，確認在評標中剔除低於成本價標書的依據是投標企業的個別生產成本，而不是社會平均生產成本；筆者認為以定額為計價依據的施工圖預算方法與招標投標之間存在悖論，工程量清單計價的推行是對建築產品市場價格形成改革的推進，也是建築產品價格形成方式與國際接軌的開端與必經之路，但是也必須認識到雖然《建設工程工程量清單計價規范》具有推進建築市場價格形成的諸多優勢，但仍存在不足與需要完善的地方。
  8. Moreover, the author discusses the issue of economic evaluation on the port device with two kinds of method

    此外還結合實例，運用了投資回收期法和費用效率分析法論述了港口設備投資的經濟評價過程。
  9. On this basis, this passage will at last focus on the research of related countermeasures according to the problems of expenditure compensation - claiming and then demonstrate that contractors " right to claim for compensation and counting the compensation reasonably are vital to solve the problem of expenditure compensation - claiming

    本文在對國際工程費用索賠的計價方法內容、國際工程解決費用索賠爭端的技術分析、探討和國內施工費用索賠存在問題分析基礎上，最後重點對施工費用索賠存在問題採取相應對策的研究。並通過施工費用索賠案例評析、論證承包商的索賠權及合理計算索賠款額是解決費用索賠問題的關鍵。
  10. The aim of this thesis is to probe into the principles and methods of how to establish a model to evaluate the mental effects of advertisements, and to construct such a model in the non - durable consumer goods category

    本論文的研究目的是探討建立廣告心理效果測評模型的原則和方法，並構建非耐用消費品廣告的心理效果測評模型。
  11. This paper will discuss project feasibility study, investment estimating, operating costs estimating, selling income and tax, finical analysis of a high technical project - medical isotopic production reactor which was developed by nuclear power institute of china, using nuclear project feasibility study and economic analyses method

    本論文將利用現有的核工程項目可行性研究和經濟分析的方法對中國核動力研究設計院近期開發的高科技項目? ?醫用同位素生產堆的項目可行性報告編制、項目投資估算、項目生產成本費用估算、項目銷售收入及稅金估算、項目財務評價指標的計算、項目財務評價的結論等情況進行研究和探討。
  12. This paper take comprehensive development project - " enrich farmers through water conservancy ( eftwc project ) " in pinggu district, beijing as an example or research area, to built up indexes system for evaluating such projects based on the analysis of the project ' s functions ; to evaluate the effects of eftwc project on the development of agricultural economy in research area with statistic analysis method, such as the theory of gray system and regression analysis method. the key points of this paper are focused on as following aspects : ( 1 ) the value of eco - environmental benefits of eftwc project in pinggu district is evaluated based on utility value theory and environmental economic methods such as equivalent substitution approach, opportunity cost approach, and replacement cost ap proach ; ( 2 ) the economic effects on investment are appraised with both static and dynamic cost - benefit analysis methods ; and ( 3 ) the effects of the eftwc project on the economy and society sustainability in research area are evaluated synthetically from three aspects : society development ability, economy development ability and resources and environmental capacity

    本文以北京市平谷區水利富民綜合開發工程為例，在分析了水利富民綜合開發工程功能的基礎上，建立了水利富民綜合開發工程效益價值評估的指標體系；用灰色系統理論、回歸分析等統計分析方法進行了水利富民綜合開發工程對平谷區農業經濟發展的影響評價；重點以效用價值論為理論依據，用等效替代法、機會成本法和重置成本法（恢復費用法）等環境經濟學方法，對平谷區水利富民綜合開發工程生態環境效益價值進行了評估；採用靜態和動態費用效益分析法進行了水利富民綜合開發工程投資經濟效果分析；最後從社會發展能力、經濟發展能力和資源環境承載能力3個方面進行了水利富民綜合開發工程對平谷區經濟社會可持續發展能力的綜合影響評價。
  13. The author also uses the computation by tabulation to test the to all kind of possible planning schema of section station, and figure out the cost of transportation by the component of car flow from the viewpoint of economical evaluatioa at last, a feasible planning schema about section station of xiang - shi line is drawn

    並採用行車組織中慣用的表格計演算法分析驗證各種區段站設置方案的優劣，又從經濟評價的角度計算各種區段站設置方案條件下可能產生的有調中轉車流和無調中轉車流的數量，計算出各種方案的運輸成本費用，進一步論證襄石線區段站設置方案的可行性。
  14. Based on the theories and methodologies of the radiating - benefit theory, macroeconomic and microeconomic accounting and system of qualitative and quantitative indicators, it erects the new system to study the indirect benefit for water conservancy project. this article also makes discernment and measurement to the cost and benefit of water conservancy project

    本文在運用波及效益理論、宏觀和微觀經濟核算和定性、定量指標體系分析的理論方法基礎上，建立了新的評價體系，系統地分析和研究了水利建設項目間接效益評價理論的思想原則、評價內容、理論及方法，並對此類項目的費用效益進行了識別和測度。
  15. On the basis of collecting and processing many datum and materials. firstly. this paper analyzes main activities and cost constitutions of each stage of the life cycle of a fcs, and lay a foundation for later analysis and evaluation of system lcc. secondly, a basis method and usage range for estimating the system lcc are introduced. a multivariate linear regression model of pcs development cost and cost driven factor is built by use of the parametric method and supplies the base of cost estimation of newly - developed systems. thirdly, combine actual examples and make statistical analysis of lcc of a certain pcs developed by our institute, predict unhappened usage and service cost with grey prediction method, obtain proportion of each constitute to the lcc. forthly, according to actual conditions, use the fuzzy theory to overall evaluate efficacy of the fcs, fifthly, combimng our actual conditions, investigate specific measures of how to implement the life cycle cost management in our institute and put forward a new conception of developing web - based flight control system lcc management information system with pdm as the platform. at last, investigate important factors such as reliability and maintainability that may affect the life cycle cost of the fcs in detail, and put forward specific methods of lowering the life cycle cost of the fcs

    論文在收集和整理大量資料的基礎上，首先深入分析了飛控系統壽命周期各階段的主要活動以及各階段的費用構成，為以後系統壽命周期費用的分析和評價奠定了基礎；其次，介紹了壽命周期費用估算的基本方法和使用范圍，並利用參數法建立了飛控系統研製費用與費用驅動因子的多元線性回歸模型，為新研系統的費用估算提供了依據；第三，結合實例對我所研製的某型飛控系統的壽命周期費用進行統計分析，運用灰色預測方法對未發生的使用及維修費用進行預測，得出了該系統的壽命周期費用以及各組成部分所佔比例；第四，根據實際情況，首次運用模糊理論對飛控系統的系統效能進行了綜合評價，構造了飛控系統系統效能模糊綜合評價模型；第五，結合我所實際，探討了如何在本單位實施加強壽命周期費用管理的具體措施，提出以pdm為平臺，開發基於web的飛控系統lcc管理信息系統的新構思；最後，對影響飛控系統壽命周期費用的重要因素如可靠性和維修性等進行了詳細地研究，提出了降低飛控系統壽命周期費用的具體方法。
  16. The evaluating method in the paper is to calculate its guarantee risk degree. after that it is necessary to decide the relevant guarantee parametres including charge rate and the magnifying multiple. as for the whole risk of cgo, the paper sets forth the method of capital abundance rate which comes from the new basel agreement, and try to control the rate into the safe scale through risk dicentralization and compensation. afterwards, this paper studies the social credit system which influences the developent of cgo

    對于申請擔保的單個中小企業，控制風險的關鍵是建立一套科學的審查、評估程序，論文提出了擔保風險度的評估方法，確定相關擔保參數，包括擔保收費率和擔保放大倍數等。在擔保機構的整體風險控制方面，論文利用新巴塞爾協議的關于商業銀行風險管理思想，建立了擔保機構資本充足率的計算方法，並從分散風險和補償風險兩個方面來控制擔保機構的資本充足率水平。
  17. This paper analysis and criticizes the functions and system design of china ' s judicial fee after evaluating china ' s judicial fee system and its operation. it points out that because the function of gaining resource is outstanding, while the function of adjusting the public policy is not enough, the system design hindered civilian ' s rights of litigation, impeded realization of judicial independence and judicial fairness

    本文運用相關理論，在對我國裁判費用制度規范及其運作進行考察的基礎上，對我國裁判費用制度的功能定位和制度設計作出了分析、評價，指出我國裁判費用制度獲取資源的功能取向過于強烈，而實現公共政策調整的功能體現則明顯不足，以至於制度設計產生了妨害公民行使訴訟權、阻礙司法獨立與公正實現的不良後果。
  18. At the same time, the assessment in allusion to adjustment cost at the generation side and interruption cost at the consumer side related to the course of active power correction has been preliminarily studied

    同時，本論文還針對有功安全校正過程中涉及到的發電側調節費用和用戶側停電費用的評估進行了初步研究。
  19. The article calculate the sale income, gross cost, income, cash flow, internal rate of return, net present value, payback period in etc. then i contrast analysis result of calculating with one of feasibility study and national standard, i have got a conclusion to analysis though ca7200e3 transformation - shell project from 2000 to 2005 management result can not achieve than assume, but this project management result is better than national standard. in conclusion the project is successful. 38 - 40 as proceeding the assessment, the article also gives many suggestion on the future of the project. i have a lot analysis from several aspect, they includes project background analysis, market analysis, project condition analysis, finance analysis, etc. these analysis prove that the project is feasibility

    論文比較分析ca7200e3變速器整體前殼項目可研預期與項目實際運行的符合度，找出項目實際運行與可研預測之間偏差產生的原因;論文首先對項目立項決策科學性、產品技術方案可靠性、原材料供應經濟性、組織機構和人力資源配置合理性進行了綜合評價;然後對項目建設中費用、進度、質量、合同、信息管理工作存在問題進行了系統分析評價;接下來對項目運行狀況從產量、效益多方面進行分析，找出項目運行中存在的主要問題，並分析了問題產生的主要原因;最後在項目產品未來發展需求預測基礎上結合項目立項后評價、建設后評價、特別是運營狀況后評價所發現的問題，對如何提高該項目管理水平給出了相關建議。
  20. Base on the principles of system analysis, a generalized optimization method of engineering projects control system is given which carries out the idea of dynamic optimization management. this paper put forward a comprehensive optimum method that consider three indexes such as time limit for a project, cost and resources, and use two - code network plan to achieve a series of solutions. base on the principles of system analysis and correlation, this paper presents a coordination degree model in the decision process, which aims to evaluate and obtain the optimum solution

    本論文從系統協調的角度出發，探討貫穿工程項目始終的綜合動態控制，利用網路計劃技術對工期、費用、資源作整體的優化，得一系列方案，根據系統協調的原理，建立工程項目控制系統的系統協調度模型，並設計符合本系統特點的協調度判定指標體系，用協調度指標來反映其協調統一程度，用來對優化方案進行評價和優選。
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