費用變化 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [bìyòngbiànhuà]
費用變化
英文
cost change-
This paper takes mobile engineering department equipment management of daqing petrochemical parent company as an example, and studies the design and application of equipment management system of daqing petrochemical parent company, for the implement of computerizing the equipment entire process management with the equipment management system and completing the synthesis management, the records management, the expense management, the fixed asset management, the specialized management and the information management with the computer system and making in the manual management some qualitative and stochastic ingredients transforming into the quantitative standard management. so it guarantees that we can perform advanced predicting management in the entire process of the matter movement and the value movement of equipment and complete the equipment servicing transition from the compulsory servicing and afterwards servicing to the preventive servicing, improving work quality, efficiency and modernized degree which the equipment manages and assisting enterprise ’ s equipment management decision - making and the whole realization of management goal and enhancing the enterprise ’ s interior equipment utilization and realizing its maximum profit
本文以大慶石化總廠機動工程部的設備管理為例，對大慶石化總廠設備管理系統的設計與應用進行研究，旨在通過設備管理系統實現設備全過程管理計算機化，由計算機系統來完成設備的綜合管理、檔案管理、費用管理、固定資產管理、專業管理及信息管理，使人工管理中一些定性的、隨機的成分轉變為定量的規范的管理，保證大慶石化總廠對設備的物質運動和價值運動的全過程實行先進的可預知性管理，並逐漸將設備維修從目前的以強制性維修及事後維修為主過渡到以預防性維修為主，提高設備管理的工作質量、效率和現代化程度，輔助企業的設備管理工作決策及經營管理目標的整體實現，提高大慶石化總廠內部設備的利用率及實現其最大的經濟效益。The second variable in the costliness of the exchange posses is the size of the market, which determines whether personal or impersonal exchange occurs
交易費用所擁有的第二項變量是市場規模，這決定了所發生的是人格化交換還是非人格化交換。And also expounding that the first - fight - time can give explanation to the advanced techniques, the estimating ranges of first - fight - time in alcc estimating are expanded. the type - changed index and type - difference are selected as dummy variables. it has discussed mearsursion of type - changed index, and three criterions and three methods to set models including the dummy variable are got
說明性變量選取：說明性變量的選取基於費用因子分析，特別討論了首飛時間對費用預測的影響，論述了首飛時間能對技術先進性作出說明，拓寬其在費用預測中的作用，選取改型指數虛設變量，研究了改型的量化方法，提出了判別準則和實現方法。In the process of work, according to complex geological conditions such as huge thick soft clay in site and top surface of possible pile foundation supporting course fluctuating in large amplitude, we adopted many advanced exploratory methods ( just as high accuracy exploration of shallow earthquake, crosshole wave velocity test, vane shear test, pressuremeter test, etc. ), we found out that there is an ancient groove of yangzi river in former plant site, therefore we suggested in time that plant site should properly be moved eastwardly, only this item saved nearly about 50 million for pile foundation project cost
在工作過程，根據廠址區軟粘土厚度大、可能作為樁基持力層頂面起伏變化大等復雜地質條件，採取了多種先進的勘探手段（如高精度淺層地震勘探、跨孔波速試驗、十字板剪切試驗、旁壓試驗等） ，查明了原廠址區存在一個長江古凹槽，並及時建議廠址適當東移，僅次一項就節省樁基工程費用近5000萬元。Considering the electrovalence, the curve of water consumption and the reliability of water supply, this paper respectively sets up the model based on the maximal flux and the model based on the expectation flux. it takes yearly expenditure converting value and yearly cistern converting value as target function and takes continuity equation, velocity of flow and compression resistance of cast iron pipeline as restrictions and sets up the pga model on optimal design of water supply networks
考慮到峰谷電價、用水量變化曲線及用水可靠性因素的影響，分別建立了以最高時流量設計管網的模型和以期望時流量設計管網的模型，以年費用折算值加上清水池年造價折算值為目標函數，以連續性方程、管中流速和鑄鐵管耐壓值等為約束條件，進行并行遺傳演算法對給水管網優化設計的實現。At the same time, in order to get adapted to the market change, improve the competitiveness, reinforce the cohesiveness and maintain the upswing trend, cec should take effective measures, such as to accept new idea and develop the managers " awareness of competitiveness ; reform the selecting and appointing mechanism ; establish a sound compensation system ; improve consumption for the position ; break the dominance of state - owned shareholders on the stock market and improve corporate governance structure ; reinforce the financial supervision on the corporation ; make a full use of restraint effect of competitiveness and reputation mechanism ; build various " golden parachutes "
與此同時， cec在企業經營者激勵與約束方面應採取針對性的措施，通過轉變觀念，樹立市場經濟的競爭意識和產權意識；改革企業經營者的選拔任用方式，積極推進企業經營者管理的市場化進程、建立科學合理的薪酬體系、規范職位消費，實行職位消費貨幣化、調整股權結構，實現投資主體多元化，健全公司法人治理結構、加強企業財務監控和內部制度建設、充分發揮市場競爭機制和聲譽機制對企業經營者的激勵約束作用、設計各種形式的「金色降落傘」等措施的實施，適應市場變化，提高企業核心競爭力，增強企業的凝聚力，保持事業的長盛不衰。As the primary cost of security transaction, the floatation of trading commission would change the microstructure of security market
證券交易傭金作為證券市場制度中交易費用最直接的體現，其變動必然帶來證券市場的微觀變化。Variable costs are defined as costs that vary directly and necessarily with changes in the level of output and s comprise prime costs and variable manufacturing overhead
變動成本是直接隨著產品的變化而變化的成本，變動成本包括主要成本和製造費用中的變動部分。It is the same story across europe. new europe - wide efficiency standards are coming in on 14 products identified as priorities by the eu climate change programme : including consumer electronics, lighting, heating and white goods
歐盟氣候變化行動計劃制定了新的適用於全歐洲的效率標準， 14類產品被認定為首要達標的對象，其中包括消費類電器，照明、發熱裝置及冰箱、洗衣機等被歸類為「白色貨物」的家電產品。Liquor - making enterprises should attach great importance to liquor quality according to such liquor consumption custom change by the following approaches : inheritance and further development of traditional liquor production techniques with the combination of modem scientific techniques ; pursuit of liquor style individualization, liquor flavor compounding, liquor alcoholicity serialization, and liquor price gradation to meet consumers ' requirements
保持和發揚傳統工藝，結合應用現代科學技術，追求白酒風格的個性化，香味的復合化，酒度的系列化，價格的層次化，以滿足消費者常品常新的需求變化。Therefore, the paper expanded eles, namely, turned the above assumption into the following : all the consumers in the same income level have the identical marginal budget share or the identical marginal propensity to consume when consuming certain goods, but consumers in different income level have not and the paper, by defining and introducing the nominal variable of income level - a variable of the marginal propensity to consume only resulting from the change of consumers " ( rural residents ) income level, with which the standard income level was compared, adopted to expand again the extended eles model, exploited the surveying household data in 2001 by liaoning statistics bureau, caculated ( 1 ) the marginal propensity to consume, real expenditure structure, real propensity to consume and marginal budget share of main consumer goods of rural residents in different income levels ; ( 2 ) the proportion of the basic demand quantity, the basic demand structure, the basic demand of main consumer goods in real expenditure of livelihood consumption ; ( 3 ) the income elasticity of demand, the expenditure elasticity of consumption, the price elasticity of demand and the cross price elasticity of demand of main consumer goods ; finally, came the following conclusions : 1
故本論文採用對擴展的線性支出系統進行再擴展，即將上述假定改為： 「對某類消費品的邊際預算份額或邊際消費傾向，對于同一收入等級的所有消費者均相同，但對于不同收入等級的消費者則有可能不同。 」並通過定義和在模型中引入收入等級虛變量，藉以代表與基準的收入等級相比，消費者（農民）僅僅由於其所處的收入等級變化所導致的邊際消費傾向的變化量。本論文採用對擴展的eles模型的再擴展，利用遼寧省統計局農調總隊的2001年農村住戶調查分戶資料（共1890戶） ，計算了（ 1 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的邊際消費傾向、實際支出結構、實際消費傾向、邊際預算份額； （ 2 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類型消費品的基本需求量、基本需求結構、基本需求占實際生活消費支出比重； （ 3 ）不同收入等級農民對各主要類摘要型消費品的需求收入彈性、消費支出彈性、需求自價格彈性、需求的交叉價格彈性。The presented system can be used to monitor the changes of sludge level in the deposit tank and improves the automation of sludge monitoring, thus it is a measuring technique with high precision and low cost
該系統可以自動跟蹤污水沉澱池淤泥界面的變化，提高淤泥監測的自動化水平，是一種精度較高，費用較低的測量技術。At present, surge control method for centrifugal compressor being used is commonly by least - flow method. it can ’ t make compressor working within operating condition area, sometimes starts the surge control system earlier, which will waste energy sources and depress economy benefit. even, its control system commonly consists of simulation instrument, can ’ t modify the changing surge curve of compressor in time and can ’ t control nonlinear surge curve preferably
目前，在用的離心壓縮機的防喘振方法一般採用最小流量法，它不能充分使壓縮機工作在其工況區，往往過早起動防喘振系統，浪費了能源，降低了經濟效益。且控制系統一般採用模擬儀表構成，在壓縮機的喘振線發生變化時不能及時修正，對非線性的喘振線不能較好的實施控制。Standard consumer safety performance specification for diaper changing tables for commercial use
商用花紋圖案變化桌的消費者安全性能標準規范Taking xinzhou city as the case, the paper analyzes the city ' s actual situation of water supply, available water sources and their amount, distribution and development. it also calculates the mid and long term needed water amount and insufficient water amount in the city. taking the natural, commercial and life material properties and environmental function of water sources into full consideration, taking the satisfaction of the needed amount of the city and the balance and the largest capacity of every water source as the prerequisite, the paper aims at the mid and long term water supply sources ( north water sources region, douluo water sources region, shuiquanwan water sources region ) and the lest spending on the investment and operation of the self - equipped wells ; through the determination of decision variables, a model of economic management for the city ' s water supply is established, witch carries out the mid and long te rm optimal operation of water supply for the city
本文以忻州市為例，分析了忻州市供水現狀，可供水水源、水資源量、分佈及開發利用情況，預測了中長期需水量和缺水量，充分考慮水資源的自然屬性、生活資料屬性、商品屬性和環境因素功能，通過決策變量設置，在保證城市需水量、水資源平衡和各供水水源最大供水能力的前提下，以開采忻州市中長期供水水源（北水源地、豆羅水源地、水泉灣水源地）和自備井開採的投資和運行費用最低為目標，建立了城市供水水源優化調度經濟管理模型，運用線性規劃方法進行了城市中長期供水水源優化調配。In this report, we mainly covered the following aspects of " tissue organ regeneration and replication in situ " : 1 ) procedures of tissue organd regeneration and replication and replication in clnical practice ; 2 ) the discover and existence of potentiald regenerative cell ( prc ) ; 3 ) the proliferation, differentiation and regeneration law of potential law of potential regenerative cells ; 4 ) study procedure on tissue organ regeneration and replication from prcs in vitro based on the model of full skin organ regeneration in situ after extensive in vitro, set up the method and technology of searching life regenerative substance required in tissue organ regeneration and replication in situ. in this study, first, the whole human body is divided into 206 function units, which are the " tissue organ " in regeneration study. then the histology foundation of tissue organ regeneration and replication in situ is set up. in ordre to prove the existence of the potential regenerative cells and their potential baility and function, we established clinical tracking rechnique of skin organ regeneration in situ ; meanwhile, several tissue organ regeneration and replication in vitro models which represent different kinds of runctions were sucessfully set up, with all these techniques and models, we confirmed : 1 ) the existence, function and ability of pptemtoa regenerative cells ; 2 ) the importance of life regenerative substance ; 3 ) the feasibility of tissue organ regeneration and replication in situ ; 4 ) the big value of tissue organ regeneration and replication in situ in life science and medicine progerss. we also showed the possible foreground of capture cancer with this method and technologh. in this report, nearly 200 photographs of several tissue organ regeneration and replication in situ or in vitro demonstrated the whole process of tissue organ and big organ entities regeneration and replication from cells. the results of tissue organ regeneration and replication in situ mainly include : 1 ) whole skin organ regeneration and replication in situ ; 2 ) gastrointestinal mucosa tissue organ regeneration in vitro ; 3 ) hair follicle tissue organ regeneration in situ or in vitro ; 4 ) never tissue organ regeneration in situ ; 5 ) pancreas tissue organ regeneration and replication in vitro ; 5 ) marrow tissue regeneration in vitro ; 6 ) renal glomerulus and tubule tissue organ tugeneraation in vitro ; 7 ) heart muscle regeneration in vitro, etcl. in order to let more and more people know and understand this technology of tissue organd regeneration and replication in situ, herein, for the first time, we publicize the key points of actualizing this technology. also, we publicized the technology procedures and the frame constitute of life substances. we bilieve this is a big contribution to human science
本研究報告，重點報道了組織器官的原位再生復制的臨床程序，報道了組織潛能再生細胞的發現和存在，以及該細胞的增殖分化和形成組織器官的變化規律.以燒傷后皮膚組織器官的原位再生復制為模型，研究出了體外組織潛能再生細胞復制組織器官的培養方法;以體外組織器官的復制為模型，建立了尋找原位組織器官再生復制所需生命物質的方法和技術.本研究，首先按人體的器官功能，分解為206個功能單位，確立了所復制的人體器官中的組織功能單位為組織器官，從而建立了原位組織器官再生復制的組織學基礎.為了驗證組織潛能再生細胞的再生潛能，建立了皮膚器官原位再生的實體臨床跟蹤技術，同時又建立了能代表有關器官功能類別的代表組織器官的原位和體外復制模型，以多組織器官的成功復制確定潛能再生細胞的作用，確定生命研究再生物質的重要性，確定組織器官原位再生復制的可行性，確定了組織器官原位再生復制的生命科學研究和醫學進步的重大應用價值，同時展示了用此方法和技術攻克癌癥的前景.本研究報告，以近二百幅多個組織器官原位和體外再生復制的實體圖片，展示了潛能再生細胞復制的組織器官和大器官司實體;展示了細胞再生復制器官的全過程.真實的報告了組織器官原位再生復制的成果.所公布的主要成果為:皮膚器官的原位再生復制;胃腸黏膜組織器官的原位和體外再生復制;毛囊組織器官的原位和體外再生復制;神經組織器官的原位復制;胰腺組織器官的體外復制;骨髓組織的體外復制;腎小球小管組織器官的體外復制;心肌的體外復制等.為了讓更多的人學會和掌握組織器官原位再生復制技術，本報告首次公布實施技術的重要環節和技術流程;首次公布了生命再生物質的框架和組成.作者自費研究成果對人類生命科學的一大貢獻The conclusion based on partial equilibrium analysis in the paper is : in short - run, after works parted inside firms, it can be empirically settled that the returns from specialization keep increasing, but the marginal return coming from specialization still is decreasing. as a result, function of return is concave. with the function of the studying mechanism, transaction cost from work - partition decreases gradually and with faster velocity
本文簡單均衡分析所得出的結論是：在短期內，企業內部生產分工一旦形成，可以經驗的給定專業化收益遞增，而其邊際收益依然是服從遞減規律的，因而為一凹函數：不考慮整個行業或市場的交易費用變化，由於學習機制的作用，這種由分工所帶來的的交易費用將出現遞減，具有更快的遞減速率。Through the above analysis, this paper try to define various factors and the methods to analyze these factors, which influence the interior dealing cost by family - management, by the way of enterprise diagnostics. through analysis on the management index and investigation result of these factors in the family enterprise management, defining the changing tendency of interior dealing cost of the current enterprise management, in order to estimate whether promote or not to the enterprise development by family management in a specific phase
論文試圖通過分析在家族企業管理過程中這些影響因素表現出來的管理指標及調查結果，利用企業診斷的方法，確定家族式管理影響家族企業內部交易費用變化的諸多因素以及分析方法，確定企業管理現狀反映出的內部交易成本的變化趨勢，進而研究在特定家族企業的某一發展階段中家族式管理對于企業發展的限製作用。Explore the auto consumption current, influencial factors, automobile consumption ’ s stimulation economic growth, and how to promote car consumption and stimulate economic growth is the subject of this study. first, the paper discusses background, aim and meaning of the research, and summarizes the thesis theme, technical route method and main content. second, the paper analyzes the comsumption theories and economic growth theories and discusses the relation between the auto consunption and economic growth from the marxist economics, classic economics, system economics, industry economics, innovation economics etc. the theoretical foundation of this dissertationis the marxism consumption, the kennis ’ s absolute income theory, freedman ’ s long income suppose theory ect
本項研究採用理論與實踐相結合的方法，對汽車消費與經濟增長的關系進行了經濟學分析，探索了汽車消費拉動經濟增長的理論基礎;通過對波特價值鏈理論和產業集群理論研究，分析了汽車消費關聯效應的理論基礎;分析了我國汽車消費和汽車消費市場的現狀，並對汽車消費進行了國際比較，指出了汽車消費的變化趨勢;對影響汽車消費的各種要素作了系統的分析，明確了各種影響因素的現狀和發展趨勢以及它們對汽車消費趨勢的影響;為了揭示汽車消費與經濟增長的關系，首先進行了汽車消費對汽車產業以及關聯產業的拉動作用的分析，並運用主成分分析方法和多元統計分析方法，分別就我國汽車消費對經濟增長的拉動作用和吉林省汽車消費對經濟增長的拉動作用進行實證分析，總結了汽車消費對關聯產業和經濟增長的具體影響;提出促進汽車消費、拉動經濟增長的對策與建議，並指出了應進一步研究的領域。This paper has conducted the research from six aspects to our country inhabitant sports consumption. the first part, analyzed the topic background and significance of this paper selected, the domestic and foreign research summarize, structure arrangement and this article main innovation place ; the second part, under the foundation of synthesizing the predecessor ' s viewpoints, the paper defined the connotation of inhabitants ’ sports consumption, and analyzed the function of the sports consumption from the economy, the society, the psychology, the body principle aspects, in this foundation, pointed out the inhabitants ’ sports consumption essentially belongs a part of development and enjoying consumption ; the third part, analyzed the changed development and present situation of our country inhabitants ’ sports expends, from sports aspects of consumption demands, consumption scale, consumption pattern, consumption way, consumption environment, sports population, and pointed out the existed question and its disparity with the developed country ; the fourth part, analyzed the influence factors of the development and present situation of our country inhabitants ’ sports consumption, mainly promoting factors are “ the plan of all the people ' s fitness ”, the beijing olympic games, inhabitants ’ healthy sports consciousness and the television sports and so on ; the restricting factors mainly displays in the income horizontal insufficiency, service industry proportion is not high, dual economic structure restriction and waste use of during - odd leisure and so on ; the fifth part, unifying the macroscopic background of our country economy
第一部分，分析了本文的選題背景和意義，國內外研究綜述，結構安排和本文主要創新之處;第二部分，在綜合前人觀點的基礎上界定了居民體育消費的內涵，並從經濟、社會、心理、身理方面分析了體育消費的功能，在此基礎上，指出居民體育消費本質上屬于發展和享受消費的一部分;第三部分，從體育消費需求、消費規模、消費結構、消費方式、消費環境、體育人口等方面分析了我國居民體育消費的變化發展現狀，並指出存在的問題及其與發達國家的差距;第四部分，對我國居民體育消費發展現狀的影響因素進行了論述，主要促進因素有全民健身計劃工程的實施，我國體育事業、產業的發展壯大，居民健康、體育意識的增強和電視體育的引導等;制約因素主要表現在收入水平不足，服務業比重不高，二元經濟結構的制約和餘暇時間的浪費利用等等;第五部分，結合我國經濟發展的宏觀背景，分析了我國居民體育消費發展的趨勢。分享友人