路基造價 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [lùjīzàojià]
路基造價 英文
grading price
  • 路 : 1 （道路） road; way; path 2 （路程） journey; distance 3 （途徑; 門路） way; means 4 （條理） se...
  • 造 : Ⅰ動詞1 （做; 製作） make; build; create; produce 2 （假編） cook up; fabricate; concoct 3 [書面語...
  • 價 : 名詞1. （價格） price 2. （價值） value 3. [化學] （化合價） valence
  • 路基 : bed; roadbed; subgrade; substructure
  • 造價 : cost of construction; cost of building; cost of manufacture
  1. This essay firstly analyzes the influence to chinese auto industry after china entering wto, and explains the necessity of analyzing the marketing mode of aeolus company. chapters 2 - 3 illustrate the marketing system of dongfeng group and the marketing environment of chinese automobile manufacture industry. on the basis of that, chapters 4 - 5 analyze and evaluate faithfully the marketing mode of aeolus company, and then offer some advises to perfect this mode

    本文首先分析了中國加入wto對我國汽車製造業的影響以及研究風神汽車有限公司營銷模式必要性，第二、三章對東風公司的營銷系統及我國汽車製造業的營銷環境進行了分析，在此基礎上，第四、五章對風神汽車有限公司營銷模式進行了詳盡地分析與評價，並提出了進一步完善風神汽車有限公司營銷模式的基本思路。
  2. Through the experimental research, we think : the technological capacity of fiberglass asphalt macadam if weaker than asphalt macadam, however, if use elasticized capacity to solve blending technological problem. adjust the breed of fiber silk, extend its diameter, its paving capacity is still worth exploring, asphalt - rubber macadam structure lager have good deformed - become capacity and crazed - resistance capacity, small gap rate. good water - resistance capacity, good hot - stability and simple construction technology. therefore. pitch rubber spall is a good cover material which is suitable for the second class or lower whose asphalt pavement has split open because of fatigue. and is the good structural measure of preventing half - rigidity grass - roots unit shrink - rift reflecting. pave a thin layer of pitch rubber spall between asphalt - type pavement layer and half - rigidity basic level, although the cost of building is higher than paving togongbu in the middle, the construction technology, crazing - resistance and water - resistance are better than togongbu, not only could reduce greatly the reflex of half - rigidity grass - roots unit material, long then the use lifespan of pavement, but also it is possible to reduce suitably the thickness of asphalt mixture layer, though the cast of building in the early days becomes more, in the long - term opinion, it have fully important technological and economical significance

    通過試驗研究認為：玻璃纖維瀝青碎石的技術性能不如瀝青碎石好，但路用彈性性能較好，如能解決拌和工藝問題，調整纖維絲的品種，增大其直徑，其路用性能仍值得探討，瀝青橡膠碎石結構層具有變形性能和抗裂性能良好，空隙率小，防水性能好，熱穩定性較好，施工工藝簡單的特點，因此，瀝青橡膠碎石是二級及二級以下公路因疲勞而開裂的瀝青路面的良好罩面材料，也是防止半剛性基層收縮裂縫反射的良好結構措施，在瀝青類路面面層和半剛性基層之間夾鋪瀝青橡膠碎石薄層，雖然造價比夾鋪土工布高，但其施工工藝，抗裂性能和防水性能均優于土工布，不僅可以大大減少半剛性基層材料的反射裂縫，延長路面使用壽命，而且可能適當減薄瀝青混合料面層的厚度，雖然初期造價有所增加，從長遠來看，具有十分重要的技術和經濟意義。
  3. In this paper, the main research works are as follows : 1 ) survey and analysis previous work in auv navigation and summarize : as the cumulate error, the dead - reckoning and inertial navigation systems ca n ' t be used without other modified system ; the acoustic navigation system is used only in small range, and is very expensive. 2 ) two important approaches in geophysical navigation techniques are summarized, one is terrain contour based navigation, this approach is investigated keystone today ; the other is image based navigation, due to no perfect image sensors and image seabed map, this approach has seldom been practised. 3 ) two important terrain contour based navigation algorithms has been applied to auv, one is match algorithm - based terrain contour match ( tercom ) ; the other is kalman filter - based sandia inertia terrain - aided navigation ( sitan )

    主要研究內容包括：一、總結分析了當前水下導航的常用方法和不足之處，指出基於航位推算的導航方法，存在著最大的問題就是導航誤差的積累問題，如果沒有修正系統，這種方法很難滿足使用要求；其次指出基於聲學的導航方法，造價昂貴，導航范圍有限，難以滿足自主水下航行器大范圍導航的需求；二、總結了當前水下地形輔助導航的主要技術路線，一是基於地形高程的匹配方法，這是當前研究的重點；二是基於地形圖像的匹配方法，由於缺乏良好的圖像傳感器，和可用的海底圖像地圖，目前這種方法還有待研究發展；三、將兩種地形高程匹配的常用方法應用到自主水下航行器上：以相關演算法為前提的地形輪廓匹配（ tercom ）方法和以卡爾曼濾波為基礎的桑迪亞慣性地形輔助導航（ sitan ）方法，前者演算法簡單可靠，但是導航精度不高，後者雖然精度比較高，但存在著演算法較為復雜、有可能發散和出現奇異值等問題。
  4. On the view of customization theory, the method of information processing for customization is summarized : quality function development and product function architecture, then the need function development ( nfd ) as the design way of implementing sub - system of customization information dealing is proposed based on them. the configuration include three parts : transmission function, need function and developing function. the adapting four steps for implementing are proposed : the collection and classification stage of customization information, the analysis stage of customization information, matching stage and evaluating stage for producing

    尤其是從mc個性化理論出發，總結前人個性化信息處理方法：質量功能配置法和產品族構建法的基礎上，提出基於樹形的兩極需求功能配置法的框架：傳導函數、需求函西安理工大學碩士學位論文數、配置函數，作為個性化信息處理子系統的設計思路，並詳細闡明了該方法的四個實施步驟：個性化信息收集和分類階段、個性化需求分析階段、個性化需求信息配置階段、可製造性評價階段，指明了各個階段的方法在個性化信息處理子系統中的應用，為個性化信息處理于系統的實現奠定了基礎。
  5. In combination with the rapid development of highway construction and the present severe situation of tilled land and land resource, effects on economy, society and resource produced by highway construction are approached from three different angels : the improvement to the economy and society development, the peculiarities and the severity of occupation of land resource and the bad effects on land use caused by soil and water loss, thus arousing the people to pay high attention to the occupation of land resource in highway construction. a method of cost - benefit analysis is approached to evaluate the economic rationality of occupation of land in highway construction and the social benefits produced by highway construction are analyzed qualitatively ; at last, these methods are tested and verified through a concrete engineering in yangling agricultural hi - tech demonstrational zone and effective technological and systematic measures are put forward in order to settle the problem onto a compatibly developmental path

    本研究從公路建設迅速發展的實際和土地、耕地資源面臨的嚴峻形勢著手，在實地調研的基礎上，結合相關的文獻和資料，從公路建設對經濟、社會發展的促進作用，公路建設佔用土地資源的特點，公路建設造成的水土流失對土地資源利用的危害等三個方面系統地分析總結了公路建設活動對經濟、社會與資源的影響，以引起社會各界對公路建設與土地資源佔用問題的重視；用成本-效益分析法對公路建設佔用土地資源的經濟合理性進行評價，並對公路建設佔地的社會效益進行分析，通過楊凌農業高新技術產業示範區三路一橋工程驗證它們的實用性。
  6. It is also the key factor to improve the highway grade in these areas. the sand harm usually happens and the roadbed is obviously influenced by the sand foundation stability condition and the groundwater if the roadbed earthfill height is low. on the contrary, the wind erosion usually happens if the height is high

    公路路基的合理高度是保證沙漠公路不產生沙害的主要因素之一，同時是提高沙漠地區公路等級的關鍵，沙漠公路路基填土高度低，則易出現沙埋病害，路基受沙漠地基穩定狀況及地下水的影響顯著，反之，則易出現風蝕病害，並存在高填方路基和穩定性問題，工程造價相應增加。
  7. The content of this paper is arranged as foll owing : chapter 1 introduces the concept of credit, credit risk and credit assessment, as well as the history and development of credit assessment ; chapter 2 introduces the history of ai technology, and the background of expert system and neural network. characters and disadvantages of expert system and neural network are presented respectively and the necessity of combining expert system and neural network is lightened ; chapter 3 shows the process of dealing with sample data, including the treatment of exceptional data and factor analysis, and puts forward the concrete framework of the mixed - expert credit assessment system ; chapter 4 introduces concept of object - oriented technology, and constructs object model and functional model after analyzing the whole system. it also illustrates the implementation of concrete classes by an example of rule class and the inference algorithm in the form of pseudocode ; chapter 5 introduces the structure of the whole system, the major functional models and their interfaces, and the characteristic of the system is also generalized ; chapter 6 summarizes the whole work, and points out the remaining deficiencies as well as the prospective of this method

    本文具體內容安排如下：第一章介紹了信用、信用風險、信用評價的概念，回顧了信用評價的歷史、發展和現狀，並綜合各種信用評價模型，指出這些模型各自的優缺點：第二章簡單描述了人工智慧技術，著重介紹有關專家系統與神經網路的基礎知識，通過總結它們的優缺點，指出結合專家系統與神經網路構造混合型專家系統的必要性；本章還介紹了神經網路子模塊的概念，提出了混合型專家系統的一般框架與設計步驟：第三章對樣本數據進行處理，包括異常數據的剔除、因子分析等，提出了信用評價混合型專家系統的具體框架結構，介紹了系統知識庫的主要部分、基於優先級的正向推理機制的流程、以及基於事實的自動解釋機制的具體實現方法；第四章介紹了面向對象技術，進而採用面向對象對信用評價系統進行分析，建立了對象模型和功能模型，並在此基礎上，採用c + +語言以規則類為例說明系統中具體類的實現，用偽代碼的形式描述了推理的演算法；第五章描述了整個系統的結構，對系統主要功能模塊和界面進行了介紹，並總結系統的特點；第六章總結了全文，指出本文所構造系統存在的不足以及對將來的展望。
  8. As a new foundation improvement technology, the cast - in - situ concrete thin - wall pipe pile ( pcc pile ) is applied widely in the construction of the highway, civil architecture, haven and sea embankment etc. the pcc pile has a great prospect because it has superiority in the treatment of soils, such as construction period, cost and environment protection

    現澆混凝土薄壁管樁（簡稱pcc樁）及其復合地基是一種全新的地基處理新技術，已應用於高速公路、民用建築、港口、海堤等工程建設中， pcc樁在處理效果、工期、造價、環保等方面具有較大的優越性，因此在地基處理中具有廣闊的應用前景。
  9. On the basics of guangzhou city urban mass transit line net development experiences, considering the research of resources sharing of guangzhou transit line net planning, this paper discusses the necessity, the main factors and principle of the route laying, makes an integrated analysis of the adaptable ranges of the ground line, the elevated line and the underground line, as well as their influences over land use, environment and engineering mat, which, as the authors hold, will provide the technique support for the route laying mode planning of the line net

    摘要結合廣州市城市軌道交通線網建設規劃的經驗，在廣州市城市軌道交通線網資源共享規劃研究的基礎上，對線路敷設方式規劃的必要性、主要內容、影響因素及確定原則進行了闡述，並對地面線、高架線、地下線三種形式在適用范圍、對城市土地利用、對環境影響、工程造價等方面進行了綜合分析比較，為線網線路敷設規劃提供技術支持。
  10. According to the highway requirement of building project investment and the principle of integration of theory with practice, the author manages to guide the practice of the transform project of tongliang - hechuan 2th road and carries out the appraisement research of economic integration including analysing the historic background and existing questions of this project, proposing the essentiality to upgrading and revising this road, analyzing the economic evaluating method of road, studying the investment evaluation and capital raising of tongliang - hechuan 2th road. at the same times, the author has carried through particular and systemic evaluation for the project and the result is feasible

    基於上述認識，作者以公路工程改造建設為背景，進行深入的剖析，按照公路建設項目投資管理的要求，本著理論聯系實際的原則，運用研究的理論指導銅梁合川二級公路改造項目的實踐，對其進行綜合經濟評價研究，包括對銅梁合川二級公路的現狀和存在問題進行說明分析、提出進行公路改造的必要性、公路交通經濟評價理論分析、對銅梁合川二級公路的改造進行投資估算和資金籌措，並對該改建項目進行了詳細而系統的經濟評價，結論是可行的。
  11. The thesis comprehensively deliberates stochastic and fuzzy character of controlling the cost of engineering construction ; it takes quantitative analysis as the dominant factor, takes qualitative analysis as the secondary factor, establishes an comprehensive system of controlling the cost, and make various theories, the basic principles and the methods of engineering maths in the analysis and calculation of controlling the cost of engineering construction, such as effect theory, fuzzy maths, value engineering, grey system and system simulation. it also establishes the simple and effective practical model. on the basis of practical example, it puts forwards the train of thought and method to controls the cost of engineering construction in the different stage

    本論文綜合考慮了工程造價控制的隨機性和模糊性，以定量分析為主，定性分析為輔，構造了造價控制的綜合體系，將效用理論、模糊數學、價值工程、灰色系統、計算機模擬等多種理論及工程數學的基本原理和方法應用到工程項目造價控制的分析和計算中，建立了簡便而有效的實用模型，並結合工程實例，提出來了不同階段工程造價控制的思路和方法，針對不同的情況，綜合應用定性與定量的控制方法，消除了以往工程項目造價控制只停留于項目實施階段的缺陷，提高了量化研究的水平和準確性，為政府建設管理部門進行科學管理及各建設參與單位今後進一步改進自身的項目造價管理工作提供了寶貴的理論依據。
  12. The collapsible loess is often met during the construction of the high - grade highway in the loess area, and the main failure is the uneven subsidence of the roadbed and the culvert, which affects the safe usage of the roadbed and the culvert, etc. directed against this, based on the chankou - lanzhou freeway construction, the paper analyzes the application of the composite ground formed by lime - soil pile under the bridge and designs the project, discusses the rules of the contact pressure, the stress ratio of the pile and the soil, compares the p - s curves of one pile, the composite ground formed by one pile and the composite ground formed by two piles based on the in - situ plate loading test, evaluates the bearing capacity of the composite ground of the project

    黃土地區的高等級公路建設中經常遇到濕陷性黃土問題，其病害類型主要是地基土受水浸濕后引起路基、橋臺、涵洞等的不均勻沉降，直接影響路基、構造物等的正常使用。針對此問題，本文依託甘肅讒口至蘭州柳溝河高速公路建設工程，對橋基灰土樁復合地基應用的可行性進行了深入分析，根據具體工程進行了合理的設計與計算，並配合現場靜載荷試驗及壓力盒實測數據，探討了基底應力分佈規律，樁土應力比，變形模量的變化關系，對比分析了單樁、單樁復合和雙樁復合的p ? s關系，對橋基灰土樁復合地基承載力進行了整體評價。
  13. Based on understanding of many practices of asphalt overlay on old cement concrete pavement in our country and rehabilitation of boai road in zhongshan city, this paper analyzes and studies the rehabilitation technology of old cement concrete pavement systematically, includes : ( 1 ) the assessment for structure characteristic of old cement concrete pavement a correct assessment for pavement distress and structure characteristic of old cement concrete pavement before overlay is the stick point of preventing reflection cracking and guarantee the success of rehabilitation, which requires understanding how the structure characteristic of old pavement effects the stress and reflection cracking of the asphalt overlay

    本文在調查了解國內許多舊路改造實踐工程的前提下，基於中山市博愛一路的改造實踐，對舊水泥混凝土路面瀝青罩面改造進行了系統的分析研究。主要的研究內容包括： （ 1 ）原有路面結構性能的評估在瀝青混凝土加鋪罩面之前對舊水泥混凝土路面的損壞情況和結構狀況進行正確的評價是解決反射裂縫和保證加罩成功至關重要的一環，其前提就是要了解舊水泥混凝土路面的結構特性對瀝青罩面層中的應力和反射裂縫的影響。
  14. As a result, the slump stimulated the society to consider and explore the true value of the netstock. this paper mainly introduces the latest tendency of the global " ec ", illustrate the basic process of it and expose the realistic problem in china. moreover, it focuses on the principle of virtual value chain, and highly evaluate the earning model regarding the globalsources corporation

    本文簡介了國際電子商務的新發展，圖解了其基本流程和在我國發展面臨的現實問題；從微觀經濟學的角度，集中論述了國際電子商務中的虛擬價值鏈原理，在價值創造、價值分解利價值轉移三個方面奠定了國際電子商務發展的網路價值基礎；通過對當今國際電子商務各種模式的綜述，探討了「環球資源網」的有效盈利模式；最後，從我國的現實國情出發，搭建出我國國際貿易中ec的基本框架。
  15. Chapter one the dissertation introduce the status of national highway construction and pavement maintain, and the essence ideology of the pavement evaluation methods among national and abroad has been analyzed synthetically. the application status of the nondestructive and dynamical index in the pavement performance evaluation and their development basing on the traditional test methods has been introduced. the key points, the research content and the innovation of the dissertation have also been presented

    第一章介紹了我國公路建設及路面維修改造的現狀，綜合分析了國內外現行的路面評價的基本方法和思想，介紹了無損檢測手段和動態參數在路面性能評價中的應用狀況，以及在傳統檢測評價手段的基礎上無損檢測技術的特點和路面動態分析的發展方向，並提出了本文所要解決的關鍵問題、研究內容及創新點。
  16. It is the first time that driving chip used by pdp is applied to the fed panel. by adopting the new ic and the novel driving method, the developed grey scale modulator achieve high flexbility, stability and high integration. the circuit system includes cyclonetm fpga from altera and stv7610 from st microelectronic. with the capability of generating two kinds of modulating waveform, it has the advantages of flexible configuration, high display - quality, high integration and low cost. fpga design is based on the quartus platform. data transforming and the system controlling are achieved by using single fpga

    基於altera公司cyclone系列fpga和st公司stv7610驅動晶元設計的fed顯示器的灰度調制電路系統可以支持兩種調制波形，具有配置靈活，顯示性能好等優點，其集成度為原有系統的三倍，且造價更低廉;基於quartusii軟體平臺進行了fpga的系統開發與優化，採用單片fpga完成了全部的數據轉換和系統控制功能， fpga的可編程特性使系統的設計具有充分的靈活性和可擴展性。
  17. This paper discusses on the measures for strengthening the management of highway ' s construction cost, which include determining the construction cost rationally, grasping well the works in the design stage, carrying out the public bidding system strictly, strengthening the contract management, and doing well some basic works for the construction cost management, etc

    論述了加強公路工程造價管理的措施，包括合理確定不同階段的工程造價、抓好設計階段的工作、嚴格招投標制度、加強合同管理、做好造價管理的基礎性工作等。
  18. Integrated with aseismic analysis, this paper states the optimization of frame structure and minimum - cost design. tt introduces the idea and method for optimum design of aseismic structures base on optimal fortification intensity as well as how to make decision of optimal fortification intensity for aseismic structures. the sequence for optimization method is state in this paper with a example of frame calculation

    本文結合抗震分析，論述了框架結構優化及構件最小造價設計。闡述了基於最優設防烈度的抗震結構優化設計的思路和方法，以及如何進行抗震結構最優設防烈度的決策。並通過框架計算實例，說明了優化的具體步驟。
  19. Based on the present systematic analysis of some principles of cost of high - grade highway projects, this paper studies the management of cost of high - grade projects in si chuan province by the principles of statistics, and approaches its adaptable and improvable parts, and puts forward measures strengthening control of cost of highway projects at present

    本文在系統分析現階段造價控制若干原理的基礎上，對四川省高等級公路工程造價管理進行實證研究，利用統計學原理對其現行的適應性以及可以改進提高的地方進行探討，並提出了現階段加強公路工程造價控制的措施。
  20. Value - creation mechanism of sci - tech periodicals based on value network

    基於價值網路的科技期刊價值創造機制
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