轉承債務 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zhuǎnchéngzhàiwù]
轉承債務
英文
vicarious liability-
This article consists of five parts as following : mortgage of uncompleted building was originated from the common law and the law of hong kong, so the paper probes into its meaning - the transformation of the specific property right ; when the debtor fails to perform his duty, the creditor can obtain the title determinately ; the debtor enjoys the right of redeeming the collateral security through fulfilling his debt, the creditor has the obligation of returning the property at the same time. secondly, the author summaries its essential feature on the practice of the real estate mortgage hi the mainland of china - the target of the mortgage is a kind of expective interest ; the mortgage is a kind of guarantee which is settled through making over the interests in expectancy ; the risk of the mortgaged uncompleted building should be borne by the realty company instead of the mortgagor ; the phase of the mortgage ; mortgage is realized in a particular way. thirdly, on the basis of analyzing the legal nexus that is involved, the paper points out that the legal ne xus of the mortgage is just between the mortgagor and the mortgagee
樓花按揭作為一種擔保方式起源於英美法上的mortgage ，所以本文第一部分首先探討了mortgage在英美法上的含義：特定財產權利的轉移；在債務人不履行債務時，債權人可以確定地取得所有權；債務人享有通過履行債務而贖回擔保物的權利，同時債權人負有交還財產的義務。其次，就我國的樓花按揭實踐總結了其基本特徵：樓花按揭涉及兩個合同三方當事人；樓花按揭的標的是一種期待性利益；樓花按揭是通過轉讓物業權益而設定的一種擔保方式；預售樓花滅失的風險應有開發商承擔；樓花按揭的階段性；樓花按揭實現方式的特殊性。最後，分析了樓花按揭所牽涉的各個法律關系，認為真正的樓花按揭法律關系只是購房人與銀行之間的按揭貸款關系，按揭當事人只有購房人（按揭人）與銀行。At the same time, economic crisis, financial deficit and other factors such as burden of debts reduced greatly the governments " ability to invest and borrow money, private sources funds again were sought to cover up the capital shortage. on the other hand, some international consortia were looking for ways to invest for the purpose of maximum of profit. hence some international contracting companies and experienced developing countries began their trial to promote private ownership and operation of infrastucture projects, through the way of accession agreement with limited recourse
然而進入80年代，現有的基礎設施已不能滿足經濟發展和人們生活的需要，而經濟危機、財政赤字、沉重債務負擔等因素使政府的投資能力和對外借債能力大為減弱，只能轉而尋求私營部門的資本來彌補資金的不足；同時國際上一些大財團因資本積累，急於加快資本周轉和增值，追求利潤最大化，一些國際承包公司和有經驗的發展中國家開始探索通過有限追索權貸款以特許方式促進私人擁有和經營基礎設施項目。From the second to the fifth chapter such problems concerning state - owned property right are illustrated respectively as its definition, valuation and price fixing and capital sources of undertaking party and the disposal and use of transfer income. problems are raised with regard to the process of current property right system diversity in state - owned enterprises, such as the disagreement to the definition of state - owned property right, no standard of evaluation, imperfection of price fixing system and relative confusion of transfer income disposal and use. what ' s more, new solutions are offered : the probe into state - owned property right definition " changsha model " is confirmed positively ; two specific ways of quantification - - " the method of average growth rate of state - owned property right " and " the method of average cost of labor in market " ; the concept " present value of earnings " is applied to the property evaluation of receivable accounts, finished goods, invisible assets and so on ; the unjust in price fixing of state - owned property right can be avoided by improving property valuation methods, perfecting capital market especially property right trading market and bettering information publishing system ; as to the guarantee problem of human resources financial contribution, an original key is offered
第一章運用產權理論對國企產權多元化改革進行經濟學分析；第二章至第五章主要圍繞國有產權的界定問題、評估問題、定價問題、承接方的資金來源問題、轉讓收入的處置運用問題分別進行闡述，指出了當前國企產權多元化過程中存在著國有產權界定不統一、評估不規范、定價機制不完善、處置運用相對混亂等諸多問題，並提出新的解決思路：肯定國有產權界定「長沙模式」的積極探索意義，提出量化職工創造剩餘價值的「國有資產平均增長率法」和「平均市場勞動成本法」 ；將「收益現值」概念運用到對應收賬款、產成品、無形資產等資產評估之中；應從完善資產評估方法、完善資本市場特別是產權交易市場和健全信息公開機制三個方面來解決國有產權定價不公問題；就人力資本出資的擔保問題提出實際債務承擔額（比例）應小於名義出資額（比例）的新思路，並認為人力資本市場上的交易價格應包括絕對出資額和相對出資額兩部分。Practicing this regime requires certain pre - conditions such as the scale of mortgage loans, a brisk stock market, a huge group of investors as well as a number of intermediary service institutions including credit rating corporations, insurance companies, law firms and accounting firms. in china, the securitization of housing - mortgaged loans has become heatedly discused topic recently. in our country, initiate innovations are needed for the market potentiality of real estate, explosive expand in house requirement, further improvement in house market and to develop and reinforce the housing finance, and so mortgage - backed securities provided a ideal tool for resolving the problem for those
所謂房地產抵押貸款證券化，就是將房地產抵押貸款債權轉化為房地產抵押證券的過程，具體而言，也就是金融機構將其持有的若干房地產抵押貸款依其期限、利率、還款方式進行匯集重組，形成一系列房地產抵押貸款資產池（資產組合） ，再將該組合出售給從事抵押貸款證券化業務的特殊目的機構（ spv ） ，通過擔保機構擔保實現信用升級后，經信用評級機構評級，由證券承銷商將信用級別較高（通常為aaa或aa級）的抵押貸款支持債券出售給投資者的一種證券化模式。If the guarantor / issuer or another person obliged to effect payment has received a notice originating from the beneficiary, in a form referred to in paragraph ( 2 ) of article 7, of the beneficiary ' s irrevocable assignment, payment to the assignee discharges the obligor, to the extent of its payment, from its liability under the undertaking
如果保證人或另一付款義務人收到受益人以第7條第2款所指之形式作成並發出的不可撤銷轉讓通知，向該受讓人的付款可以免除債務人在其付款范圍內，依據保函所承擔的付款義務。Where the obligor has delegated an obligation, the new obligor may avail itself of any of the original obligor ' s defe es agai t the obligee
第八十六條債務人轉移義務的，新債務人應當承擔與主債務有關的從債務，但該從債務專屬于原債務人自身的除外。Where the obligor delegates an obligation, the new obligor shall assume any incidental obligation associated with the main obligation, except where such incidental obligation is exclusively personal to the original obligor
第八十六條債務人轉移義務的，新債務人應當承擔與主債務有關的從債務，但該從債務專屬于原債務人自身的除外。Nevertheless, in realistic life some obligors, on one hand, admit owing debt to obligees, on the other hand, they try to find an excuse of locking funds so as to delay paying off debts when the obliges ask them to pay off
然而，在實際經濟生活中，有些債務人對自己所欠的債務沒有異議，承認自己對債權人負有債務。但當債權人向其追索債務的時候，卻往往以資金周轉困難，暫無償還能力為由加以搪塞。The developed countries should shoulder greater responsibility for a universal, coordinated and balanced development in the world with further opening of their markets, more technology transfer, increased aid andgreater debt forgiveness to the developing countries, those heavily indebted poor countries and least developed ones in particular
發達國家應該為實現全球普遍、協調、均衡發展承擔更多責任，進一步對發展中國家特別是重債窮國和最不發達國家開放市場，轉讓技術，增加援助，減免債務。In order to solve the conflict of supply and demand, firstly, this particle discusses the characters of the national budget investment the emission of stock, attracting foreign capital and invest direct, domestic banks " loan, international financial organizations and foreign governments " loan, and the emission of bond, the bot mode and other financing manners. also, the particle analyses the resources of each financing manner and characters concretely. then, it analyses the scale, cost, construction and manner of highways " raising project, and it emphasizes banks " loan domestic and overseas, the emission of stock and bond, the attornment of highway ' s charge rights, the capital cost of bot financing manner, and uses the model to calc ulate the compositive capital cost, then build the worst ( in the worst environment hypothetically ) and the best scheme ( in the best environment hypothetically ) accordingly, after the comparison, we can obtain the status of the project ' s net cash flux, the debt ' s endurance capability, income and a series of data in any possible state, so that to get the optimized scheme and prepare for the scientific decision
為了解決資金的供需矛盾，本文首先論述了國家預算內投資、發行股票、吸收國外資本直接投資、國內銀行貸款、國際金融組織和外國政府貸款、發行債券、 bot方式等融資渠道的特點，具體分析了各融資方式的資金來源渠道及它們的特點；接著分析了公路項目籌資的規模、成本、結構和方式，重點分析國內外銀行貸款、發行股票和債券、轉讓公路收費權、 bot融資方式資金成本，用模型的方式具體計算綜合資金成本，建立相應的最差方案（在假設的最差條件下）和最佳方案（在假設的最好條件下）與之進行比較，獲取在各種可能條件下的項目凈現金流量狀況、債務承受能力和收益情況等一系列數據，確定整體最優方案，為科學決策做準備。In traditional civil law, the transfer of the obligation was one of the reasons for the elimination of obligation, which had the functions of fulfilling the obligatory right, transferring the obligation, simplifying juridical relation and protecting the legal benefit of the creditor. it is the system which can not be replaced with the systems of assignment of credit, assumption of debts and modification of obligation
債的更新是傳統民法中債權消滅的原因之一，具有實現債權、移轉債務、簡化法律關系、保護債之當事人合法權益的功能，是債權讓與、債務承擔、債的變更制度無法替代的制度。Article 23 where a creditor permits a debtor to transfer his debts to a third party during the period of the suretyship, a consent in writing shall need to be obtained from the surety ; the surety shall no longer be liable if the debts are transferred without his prior consent in writing
第二十三條保證期間，債權人許可債務人轉讓債務的，應當取得保證人書面同意，保證人對未經其同意轉讓的債務，不再承擔保證責任。Be a debtor make sure responsibility transfers an underwriter, when debtor cannot fulfil its obligation, assume liability to pay compensation by the underwriter
就是把債務人的保證責任轉移給保險人，當債務人不能履行其義務時，由保險人承擔賠償責任。The company acting most beijing - star hotel for sale, transfers, contract, the olympic charter ! ( property rights are clear, no debts
本公司代理大量北京星級酒店出售、轉讓、承包、奧運包租！ （產權均清晰，無債權債務! ）After the transferring of the contract, the shipper and the consignee who have accepted the transferred contract will separately bear certain contractual obligations to the carrier and become the common debtors to the carrier
運輸合同的轉讓不是權利、義務的全部轉讓，在運輸合同轉讓后，托運人與受讓運輸合同的收貨人一道，分別向承運人承擔一定的合同義務，形成並存的債務承擔。分享友人