轉軌 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zhuǎnguǐ]
轉軌
英文
shunt-
However, in bourgeoning developing countries and countries in transition, swiftly developing capital markets often deviate from the basis of economy, and are not able to fulfill the function of those in developed countries ; many capital markets are full of idle funds from home and abroad seeking profits, which accelerate the fluctuation and crisis of economy
但是，在新興的發展中國家與轉軌國家，蓬勃發展的資本市場卻經常脫離經濟的基本面，不能夠起到西方發達國家中資本市場的功能；許多資本市場成為了國內外游資逐利的場所，加劇了經濟金融的波動與危機。The point analyses the composition and efficancy of the structure of corporate governance with the modern administration theory. lt systematically sets forth and compares the features and development of the structure of the corporate governance in chinese and western. by analyzing the present situation of our listing companies, it points out : " the internal control " can be considered the inevitable phenomenon, emerged in the period from the socialism planned economy to the market economy in china ' s state - owned enterprises. by the means of gathering a vast amount of data and analying cases and charts, it gives the conclutions : because the enterprise inform is progressed " step by step ", the internal controlling in our country has assumed its own features : the enterprise is in the concussion between the " super - powerful controp ' of external and the " super - weakly control " in internal. those popular phenomenon have been looked as the principle manifestation of " the internal control " which taking the national stock as the ma in part and holding the post of chainman of the board and the chief manager in company to the same man
本文利用現代管理理論和現代企業理論來剖析公司治理結構的組成和效率體現，對中西方公司治理結構的特徵和歷史發展作了較系統的闡述和比較，並且運用大量的數據對我國上市公司治理結構進行了實證分析，指出： 「內部人控制」是在我國社會主義經濟向市場經濟轉軌時期，國有企業公司治理結構中出現的一種必然現象。本文在闡述公司治理結構特徵和功效的基礎上，通過大量數據的收集、案例分析和圖表處理來分析我國企業治理結構的歷史變遷並揭示出：由於我國企業改革是「漸進式」的， 「內部人控制」表現出其自身的特點：企業處于外部「超強控制」和「超弱控制」的兩極震蕩中。作為最具我國現代企業代表特徵的上市公司，因為以國家股為持股主體，董事長和總經理兩職兼任的現象甚為普遍而成為目前企業事實上的「內部人控制」的主要表現形式。It is a realistic problem to solve quickly how to implement effectively the supervising and control of tax resource on condition of the morbidity of law and draggling of people ' s idea, moral level and consciousness of law. effective supervising and control of tax resource will not disjoin with the scientific, canonical, and effective supervising and control system of tax resource
如何在經濟轉軌時期，在各項法律、法規等規章制度尚不健全，人們思想觀念、道德水平、法律意識等有待于進一步轉變或提高，整體執法環境較差的條件下，實施有效的稅源監控管理，是擺在我們面前現實而又急待解決的問題。In opinion of economics, on the basis of coase problem and north problem, with the compositive method of microcosmic analysis and game analysis, established a non - dominium conception framework, further more, established agame analysis framework, on the basis to research native social structure change in shunt time
本文從經濟學角度出發，在反思「科斯悖論」與「諾斯悖論」基礎上，運用綜合的微觀分析方法與博弈分析方法，建立了不完全所有權的概念，並在此基礎上建立了一個博弈分析框架，來研究我國轉軌期的社會結構變遷。To solve the problem, the author introduces a dummy variable representing the rural households " income gap in the eles model, and thus expands eles to the 2 extended linear
經濟轉軌時期，未來的不確定性是一個突出的問題，也是新古典理論研究的重要領域，本文首先研究了不確定性與農戶消費的關系，並提出了「浴盆」曲線假說理論。From the perspectives of institutional change, the dissertation classifies the whole enlargement process into three distinct stages, evolving from an initial government - dominated initiative close - up stage to a parliament - dominated compulsory close - up stage and finally to a populace - dominated ideological close - up stage. it also probes into the ways in which eu wield both incentive " carrots " and punitive " sticks " " to promote the europeanization transformation of the ceecs " domestic institutions, as well as the approaches used by the ceecs to participate in shaping future eu institutions and to promote institutional interactions
本文從制度變遷的角度將歐盟東擴歷程劃分為「主動靠攏?政府主導階段」 、 「強制靠攏?議會主導階段」和「觀念靠攏?民眾主導階段」 ，並分析了歐盟交替使用激勵政策與制約手段雙管齊下推動中東歐國內制度歐洲化轉軌、中東歐新成員國利用入盟契機參與歐盟未來制度重構、促成制度互動的規律及特點。This dissertation aims to probe into the institutional changes and institutional clashes between the enlarging european union and the central & eastern european countries ( ceecs ), as well as to construct a tentative theoretical innovation to account for institutional interactions between them. supported by political neo - institutionalism and borrowing institutional concepts from nobel prize - winner douglas north, the dissertation is set against a background of the dual process of institutional expansion by the eu and active institutional convergence on the ceecs " own accords. starting from the positive and negative impacts triggered by eu enlargement on both the eu ' s and the ceecs " political, governance and economic institutions, the dissertation carries out a systematic study of the partial adjustments and comprehensive reforms on the part of the eu, as well as of the europeanized transformation of the domestic institutions in the accession countries
本文以新制度主義政治學為理論支點，以歐盟通過東擴實現制度擴張及中東歐向歐盟制度主動趨同的進程為背景，以東擴引發的制度變遷和制度對撞為研究對象，從分析考察東擴進程對于雙方政治權力制度和經濟治理制度的雙向沖擊及正負面影響入手，系統研究了歐盟東擴引發的歐盟制度局部調整與全面改革、及中東歐新成員國國內制度的歐洲化轉軌之雙重進程，分析總結出東擴制度互動的規律、模式與渠道，並在此基礎上構築了一種解釋轉型國家與超國家機構之間制度互動的實驗性理論模型「錮囚鋒理論」 ，從理論高度上對現實規律進行歸納。Medium and small - size enterprises would be usually restricted by " capital gap " considering their capital character and operation merchanism even in developed countries. furthermore, national medium and small - size enterprises have confronted with more problems because of imperfect m arket system and exceptive course of economy transformation, including some discrimination policies
而在我國，廣大的中小企業除上述原因外，由於國內市場體系的不完善以及當前所處的特殊的經濟體制轉軌時期，將會面臨更為嚴重的融資困難，包括一些對其發展的歧視性政策和制度性障礙。Why have most of the newly emerging enterprises during the economic transition in china been family businesses ( fbs ) ? why are fbs still the dominant form of economic organization in the world
為什麼在轉軌期間中國新興的民營企業大都是家族企業，而且，在世界范圍內家族企業也普遍存在、持久不衰Rolling stock. handles and handrails for shunters
鐵路車輛.轉軌器的手柄和扶手On the basis of the comparison of successful experiences of running agricultural education in developed counties, such as usa, japan and france, this paper put forward following viewpoints : in order to visualize the strategic status of hae, necessary protectionism must be offered through lawmaking and hortative policies, peasantry - undergraduates facing agricultural production must be cultured in the process of expanding and developing hae. the opportunities of developing higher agricultural vocational and technical education must be grasped in the process of realizing the transit from elite - education to popularization - education. existent and developmental room of hae must be unceasingly widened basing upon the road of distinctiveness, integration and internationalization
文章在比較美國、日本、法國等國家發展高等農業教育的成功做法和經驗的基礎上，提出了要通過立法或制定鼓勵政策來彰顯高等農業教育的戰略地位，為高等農業教育的發展提供必要的政策性保護；要在大力擴張高等農業教育的過程中培養面向農業生產一線的農民身份的大學生；要在實現農科精英教育向大眾化教育轉軌的過程中抓住發展高等農業職業技術教育的機遇；要通過立足走特色化、綜合化和國際化的道路來不斷拓展高等農業教育的生存和發展空間；要正確處理精英教育與大眾化教育的關系，明確各類農業高校的生態位等發展高等農業教育的觀點和思路。A study of transition economics in neo - institutionalism
新制度主義的轉軌經濟學研究During the research of this paper, the author try to find out the institutional evaluationary theory, the transition theory and the reasonable part of policies of the northeast district transition, and make the research rooted in the actuality relatively lagging of the development and transition of the economy in the northeast district. this paper creates the theoretical framework and countermeasures of the integration of internality transition mechanism and institutional evaluationary and aim at the theoretical proposition of the northeast district transition mechanism, fully studies informality restrict mechanism as culture concept, market structure evaluationary mechanism and state - own enterprises in the northeast district, which make the paper innovative and instructive both in theory and in practice
在本文研究過程中，深入挖掘制度演化理論、經濟轉軌理論以及東北地區轉軌政策的合理成分，並且將論文的研究深植于東北地區經濟轉軌相對滯后的現狀及其原因之中，在此基礎上系統提出了經濟轉軌內在機理的制度演化一般性分析框架及其針對東北地區轉軌機理的理論命題，完整研究了東北地區文化觀念等非正式制度約束機理、東北地區市場結構演化機理和東北地區國有企業改革演化機理。It is because the plane of the lunar orbit does not coincide with the plane of the earth s orbit. so, for most full moons, the moon is either south or north of the orbital plane of the earth
原來月球的公轉軌道平面和地球的公轉平面並不一致，因此在滿月時，月球通常不是在地球軌道平面之南，就是在其北，難得會進入位於軌道平面的地影內，所以大部分滿月都不會出現月食。Nationalistic trends of thought in mongolia during its transitional period
轉軌時期蒙古國的民族主義思潮This series of questions has more necessitous and realistic meaning for such a big, swiftly developing country in economic transition as china
這一系列的問題，在中國這樣一個處于轉軌經濟並且不斷強勁發展的大國中，就具有更多的緊迫性和現實意義。Elementary school is an important place where children develop their own behavior and experience social life. it is the beginning of a man ' s social life where man begin to learn the elementary ability in order to join the social life and this period of time has impacted his whole life. with the development in the area of society, economic, sience, technology and the tendency that the education system goes to the direction of " quality education ", the elementary school education has attached importence to children development in aspect of interests, play, intellectiiality, personality etc. based on the interaction relationship between children behavioral development and campus physical space, campus physical space should be able to fulfill the needs for children activities and further more to create the inspiration for their potential development in behavior. for this reason, we should try to plan campus physical mechanism with consideration in children behavioral development and pursuing quality education, make a good pl an of the school environment for chlildren ' s playgame
小學是兒童身心成長及社會生活體驗的重要場所，是一個人走入社會的開始，一個人從小學開始學到了參與人類社會活動的基本能力並影響到其以後的發展。隨著我國社會經濟、科學技術的迅速發展和教育體制向「素質教育」的轉軌，小學教育更加註重兒童興趣、游戲、認知、人格的全面發展。根據兒童行為發展和校園空間的互動關系，校園空間必須滿足兒童活動的需要，並對他們的行為產生潛在的引導力量。The administrative monopoly has a long history hi china and has a deep cause of politics, economic and society. it is a public nuisance to socialism market economy nowadays. the competition policy plays a fundamental role in w. t. o
行政壟斷在我國由來已久，其產生有著深刻的政治、經濟和社會原因，從計劃經濟向市場經濟轉軌以後，它已成為我國社會主義市場經濟的一大公害，不僅造成國內市場主體在具體權利義務上的不對等性，也造成國內、外市場主體地位的不平等，導致市場扭曲，破壞了公平競爭的市場機制。Since china adopted reform and opening - up policies, private schools have resurged after suffering a three - decade - long oblivion. with china ' s transition from a centrally planned to a market - based economy, china ' s education sector, particularly the non - governmental education sector, has inevitably developed new relations to the market. therefore, discussing non - governmental education in the context of the market economy is particularly important
改革開放以來，中國大地上沉寂了30多年的民辦私立學校重現生機，隨著國家經濟由計劃經濟向市場經濟轉軌，我國的教育事業特別是民辦教育不可避免地與市場產生了這樣那樣的關系，因此，從市場經濟背景這一角度來探討民辦教育顯得很有意義。The 4lh part is the innovation and conclusion of the dissertation. it puts forward freshly three aspects on the base, precondition and circumstance of risk prevention, especially researches for the risk foundations - " transition period " and hinese characteristic market economy ". it brings out five entries to risk prevention : retortion of the direction of macroscopically adjustment, market financing, system innovation, the decentralization and recombination of the state property right, reformation of organizational system in the state commercial bank and the establishment of inspiritment - obligation system
第四章是全文的創新和結論部分，通過對風險防範的基礎、前提條件和環境三方面的創新論述，特別是對「轉軌時期」和「中國特色的市場經濟」兩個風險基礎的研究，提出了風險防範的五個切入點：扭轉宏觀調控方向、市場觸資制度創新、國有產權的分散重組、改革國有商業銀行組織制度和激勵? ?約束機制的建立。分享友人