轉述和引用 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhuǎnshùhéyǐnyòng]
轉述和引用 英文
summarizing paraphrasingand quoting
  • 轉 : 轉構詞成分。
  • 述 : Ⅰ動詞（陳說; 敘述） state; relate; narrate Ⅱ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 和 : 和動詞（在粉狀物中加液體攪拌或揉弄使有黏性） mix （powder） with water, etc. : 和點兒灰泥 prepare some plaster
  • 引 : Ⅰ動詞1 （牽引; 拉） draw; stretch 2 （引導） lead; guide 3 （離開） leave 4 （伸著） stretch 5 （...
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 轉述 : report; relate sth. as told by another
  1. High - speed, muti - services and economy have become the major issues of the future ip backbone technology as far as thes poiflt is concerned, thes paper explores layer 3 switdrig technology which separates control component and forward compontal in the traditional roulers. two forwarding al gori thms - - - - d ata - driven mo d el and top olo gy driven model are also compared, a next generation ip backbone echno l o gy - - - - multiproto co l label switching is developed, with its operation and its deployinent in traffic engineering, c1ass - ofservce and virtual private network

    本文從未來ip骨幹網技術所要求的高速化、多業務支持、經濟性出發，介紹了在傳統路由器基礎上將控制部件和轉發部件分離的第三層交換技術，比較了數據驅動模型和控制驅動（拓撲驅動）模型兩種轉發演算法，並由此引出下一代ip骨幹網路技術? ?多協議標記交換，闡述了其工作原理以及在流量工程、服務等級區分和虛擬專用網中的應用。
  2. As it ' s proprietary, a large numbers of bibliography resource ca n ' t be provided to common readers of internet. along with the development of network technology, it has a instancy need to conversion marc format to the information that the browser can recognize. the language xml not only can expresses the metadata, but also can show the content of data. lt can provide individuation page layout

    Marc格式是目前圖書館館藏資源的主要表示格式，由於其專用性，使得目前大量的書目資源無法通過一般的搜索引擎向internet用戶提供，隨著網路技術的不斷發展，迫切需要將marc格式的數據轉換成常用瀏覽器所能識別的信息，為大眾提供服務，可擴展標記語言xml不僅可以表達元數據，而且可以揭示數據的內容，提供個性化的頁面顯示，用xml語言對marc數據進行描述是解決這一問題的有效途徑，文章提供了marc數據的xml表示方法和實現途徑。
  3. Neural network control is an important mode of intelligent control, and it is widely used in branches of control science, first, the architecture and the learning rule ( error back propagation algorithm ) of multiplayered neural network which is widely used in control system are presentedo especially, the paper refers to the architecture of diagonal recurrent neural network and its learning algorithm - - - - - recurrent prediction error algorithm because of its faster convergence with low computing costo next, before introducing the neural network control to the double close loop dc driver system, the controllers of current and velocity loop are designed using engineering design approach after analysis of the system, simulation models of the system are created

    神經網路控制是智能控制的重要方式之一，它廣泛應用於自動控制學科各個領域。本文首先敘述了控制系統中常用的多層前饋網路結構及演算法（ bp演算法） ，特別提及了能夠較好描述系統動態性能的對角遞歸神經網路和在用遞推預報誤差演算法訓練drnn時取得了較快的收斂速度。其次，應用工程方法分析設計了tf - 1350糖分離機的電流、轉速雙閉環直流調速系統的控制器，作為引入神經網路控制的設計基礎，並建立了系統的模擬模型。
  4. The above problems and difficulties could be solved through the following perspectives : attaching great importance to the development of the non - public sectors of the forest economy ; quickening the system innovation and forestry legislation ; cultivating market of living trees ; establishing organizations for evaluating forest resources ; improving the circulating services ; expanding channels of financing ; encouraging the qualified non - public sectors of the forest enterprise to become listed companies ; allowing forest to be mortgaged as assets, guiding the social investment in forestry with the economic leverage ; developing leading enterprises and implementing the operation model of " companies, bases and farmer households " ; and improving the socialized forestry service systems

    通過調研，作者認為應從以下幾方面著手解決上述問題：把發展非公有制林業經濟作為今後一個時期林業工作的戰略重點，加快創新機制和林業法律法規的建設；培育活立木市場，建立森林資源評估機構，做好流轉服務工作；拓寬融資管道，鼓勵具備條件的非公有制林業企業上市融資；允許林木資產以抵鉀形式向銀行貨款；運用經濟杠桿作用，引導社會參與投資；培育龍頭企業，實施「公司+基地+農戶」的經營方式；健全林業社會化服務體系。
  5. Also, the author ’ s design strategy and creativity has been given in this paper. specifically, it includes : based on the feasibility analysis of the fit selection of control parameters in the aeration process, the aeration process of wastewater treatment of the joint - constructional complete - mixed activated sludge process has been aimed at in this paper. then, the state equations of the aeration process have been proposed in this paper, which is on the base of dissolved oxygen concentration ( do ) and discharge quantity of sludge ( qw ) as control variables, the concentration of bod and sludge as state variables. based on the present study on optimization control of wastewater treatment, the multivariable optimal control model with restriction factor has been presented in the paper with introducing modern control theory and system analysis into the field of activated sludge wastewater treatment,

    具體包括:以完全混合、表面曝氣合建式活性污泥工藝的污水處理曝氣過程為研究對象，在闡述了曝氣過程式控制制參數選取可行性的基礎上，建立了以溶解氧濃度do和活性污泥排放量qw為控制變量，以曝氣池中有機物濃度s和微生物濃度x為狀態變量的活性污泥曝氣過程的基本狀態方程;運用現代控制理論的觀點和污水處理理論，在現有關于污水處理最優控制問題研究的基礎上，建立了有約束條件多變量能耗最小數學模型，該數學模型是以有機物排放總量和狀態變量的末值條件作為約束條件，曝氣過程的能耗最小作為目標泛函;採用增廣拉格朗日乘子法對最優控制問題進行轉化，並對應用極大值原理求解能耗最小這一最優控制問題進行了詳細的解析;引入約束運算元，應用具有控制約束的共軛梯度演算法對能耗最小這一最優控制問題進行求解，並進行模擬實驗驗證。
  6. Cu - zn - cr - zr conducting bar alloy and cu - cr - zr end ring alloys used for superpower asynchronous traction motor rotor were prepared by ingot metallurgy. using hardness measurement, tensile test at room and higher temperature, electrical resistance test at room and higher temperature, optical microscopy, xrd, sem, and tem, the mechanical and electric properties and the microstructure of above alloys at different treatment were studied. them were also analysed and explained in theory

    採用鑄錠冶金法制備了大功率異步牽引電動機轉子用導條合金和端環合金，通過硬度測試、室溫拉伸、高溫拉伸、電導率測定、金相分析、 xrd 、 sem 、 tem等方法研究了不同加工工藝和熱處理工藝對上述合金力學性能、導電性能及其組織結構的影響和變化規律，並從理論上進行了分析和解釋。
  7. The main body of the dissertation is from the second section ( the first chapter ) to the fifth section ( the fourth chapter ), which firstly discusses the evolvement of american economic recovery policy toward japan and argues that the economic recovery policy toward japan was the inevitable result which the united states pursued her global containment strategies, with the changes of the international situation and the economic conditions in japan, the u. s. regarded japan " s accession to gatt gradually as the most important objective of the economic recovery policy toward japan ; secondly explains in detail that the u. s. fought up against the old guard in congress persistently in order to win the authorization from reciprocal trade agreements act ( rtaa ) so as to conduct the crucial tariff negotiations with japan, and emphasizes mainly that the executive had to seek for the balance between the national interest and oversea interest because of the strong forces of the domestic protectionism group, but made efforts to make foreign economic policy which is favourable to the latter because of the need of the cold war strategies ; thirdly analyzes the basic contents of u. s. - japanese tariff negotiations briefly and summarizes the results of the negotiations, and considers that under a large number of concession which the u. s. made in the negotiations, the japanese could change american political and strategical interest into the japanese trade interest and became the main winner ; fourthly researches mainly british diplomatic policy towards japan " s accession to gatt and american reaction to the policy and influence on it, and american roles in

    第二部分（第一章）至第五部分（第四章）是論文的主體部分，首先論述美國對日經濟復興政策的演變歷程，提出美國對日本的經濟復興政策是美國推行全球冷戰戰略的必然結果，隨著國際形勢和日本經濟狀況的變化，美國逐漸將推動日本入關視為對日經濟復興政策的最重要目標；其次詳細闡述為了獲得《互惠貿易協定法》的授權，以便與日本進行重要的關稅談判，美國政府和國會保守派持續不斷地作斗爭，重點強調，鑒于國內貿易保護主義勢力的強大，行政部門不得不尋求國內利益和海外利益的平衡，但同時出於冷戰戰略的考慮，又盡量使對外經濟政策向後者傾斜；第三，扼要分析美日關稅談判的基本內容，並總結關稅談判的結果，認為美國政府在談判中對日本政府所做的大幅度讓步，使得日本人能夠將美國的政治、戰略利益轉化為日本的商貿利益，從而成為談判的最大贏家；第四，重點研究英國對日本入關的外交政策和美國對該政策的反應、施加的影響，在國際斗爭中美國為日本入關而發揮的作用以及日本人自己做出的努力，指出雖然在美國施加的強大壓力下，英國政府最終同意日本成為關貿總協定的成員國，但是它依然以國家利益為重，對日本援引關貿總協定第35條，不給予其商品最惠國待遇。 」
  8. With the trend of openness and integration of globlal economy, exchange rate is playing more and more important role in influencing the allocation of global resources. the sensitivity of the price of tradale goods to exchange rate fluctuation becomes the focus of international economics because it is a critical vector and transmitter when an economy is confronted of exogenous impact. traditional international economics theory assume that nominal exchange rate fluctuation has complete pass - through effect, namely it ’ s change will introduce proportional change of tradable goods, then it will influence such macroeconomic vector as term of trade, import and export, inflation, employment, productivity, income allocation, and so on. from a microeconomic angle, including pricing to market, innovative behavior, menu cost and sunk cost, the paper probe into the pricing model of international enterprices under floating exchange rate and testify the incomplete pass - through of exchange rate and it ’ s detailed reason, then discuss the inspiration it has on china. it ’ s believable this kind of research will play a big part in china ’ s exchange rate scheme and some macroeconomic problems such as exchange rate tranmitting channel and effects, exchange rate fluctuating behavior

    傳統的國際經濟學理論認為，名義匯率的波動具有完全的傳遞性（ completepass - through ） ，即它的變化會引起同比例的進出口貿易品相對價格以及貿易品和非貿易品相對價格的變化，然後通過需求變動的支出轉移效應（ expenditureswitching ）來影響國內經濟的諸多宏觀變量，如貿易條件、進出口貿易額、通脹水平、就業量、勞動生產率以及收入分配等，本文從依市定價（ pricingtomarket ） 、創新行為、菜單成本以及沉澱成本等四個不同的微觀角度，通過對浮動匯率下國際壟斷競爭性生產廠商的定價模型具體而透徹的探討，論證了匯率的不完全傳遞性並深入分析了決定匯率傳遞彈性的重要影響因素，闡述了該理論對人民幣匯率的啟示，這樣的研究會對我國今後的匯率政策以及匯率的傳導機制、傳導效應、波動行為等宏觀經濟問題起到重要的作用。
  9. According to enterprise knowledge - based opinion, it discusses cognition and motivation obstacles during knowledge transfer process, and introduces a social psychology theory - crowing effect that means the mutual effect between extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation, expounds the advantage function that intrinsic motivation promotes tacit knowledge transfer, as opposed to extrinsic motivation

    按照企業知識基礎觀的線路，論述了隱性知識轉移過程中存在的認知與動機障礙，並引入了一個社會心理學理論擁擠效應，即內在和外在激勵間的相互作用，來闡明內在激勵促進隱性知識轉移的優勢作用。
  10. Through the study of the style of knowledge description, the paper elaborates the numerical model knowledge, the symbolic experience knowledge and the instantial swatch knowledge. these three kinds of different knowledge have been used in loans risk classification in the paper. just as the using of the object oriented technique and the ai ( include es, ann, and the integrated of ann and es ) technique, can the paper realize the five - grade loans risk classification

    本文通過對知識描述形式的研究，表述了經驗符號性知識、模型化數量性知識和實例樣本性知識三種類型，通過對其行為特徵及轉換、集成的研究，將這三種異構知識引入貸款風險分類分析；採用面向對象技術和人工智慧的es 、 ann兩種形式及其結合，實現了貸款風險五級分類。
  11. This review focuses on the progress of cms studies from three aspects : ( 1 ) cms of mitochondria through interference of the energy supply. ( 2 ) the effects of a fertility restorer gene, and ( 3 ) the application of cms in genetic engineering of plant male sterility

    主要以能量為切入點闡述了植物線粒體引起細胞質雄性不育的作用機制，對提出的2種主要假說做了相關分析；從轉錄后調控和翻譯后調控2個層面對育性恢復的機製作了詳細的闡述；綜述了近年來細胞質不育在植物育種上的應用所取得的成就。
  12. The structure system of this paper is : first to introduce the historical background and relevant definition of decision - making ; then to present the theory frame of error - eliminating and pave the way to follow - up chapters ; the following chapter is core content of this paper : first of all, the relevant definition and characteristics of change of time and space based fuzzy error system are put forward, and then detailed discussions on time delay, mutation, interaction, error category, extreme value of error system and transformation words of error system are conducted

    本論文結構體系為：首先系統介紹了決策相關的歷史沿革以及相關的定義和理論；其次介紹了消錯學的理論框架，為后續章節的論述作好鋪墊；再者是本文的的核心部分：首先引入基於時空變化的模糊錯誤系統的定義及相關的性質，而後在各節中分別探討了模糊錯誤系統的時滯，熵變，突變；以及決策錯誤種類分析，錯誤的相互作用，模糊錯誤系統的極值和模糊錯誤轉化詞的應用。
  13. In the second part the paper has studied the general situation and problems of lands transfer both in the whole country and in zhejiang province, described the land transfer behavior of peasant households, and made conclusions as follow. behavior of land transfer is highly connected with economic development. government should play a guiding and service role based on wills of peasants

    第二部分介紹全國及浙江省農地流轉的總體情況及存在的問題，概述農戶家庭農地流轉行為，並得出相關結論：農地流轉行為與經濟發展程度密切相關；政府在農地流轉中應遵循農民自願的原則，承擔起引導和服務的作用；農戶家庭農地流轉所遵循的原則依然是經濟理性原則，提高農地利用效率是農戶進行農地流轉行為的根本動機。
  14. Firstly, this article begins with introducing the development and implication of just taxation principle, then i describe the embodiment of just taxation principle in the statute of corporate income tax. secondly, i illustrate the phenomena of unfair taxation appearing in the legislation, enforcement and using tax, then i observe and study on the harmfulness of unfair taxation in the theoretical and practical respects, and i analyze the reasons of causing unfair taxation. i think they are the influence of the legal idea of the tool doctrine of the law, the influence of the legislative view of " efficiency coming first, balancing justice " and the legal defects

    首先，論述了稅收公平原則的演進及其內涵，並分析了稅收公平原則在現行企業所得稅法中的體現；其次，概括了在定稅、征稅、用稅方面的稅收不公現象，繼而從理論和實踐層面上對現行企業所得稅法中稅收不公的危害作了考察，並對引起稅收不公的原因作了分析，筆者認為是法律工具主義的法觀念、 「效率優先、兼顧公平」的立法理念和法律缺陷三方面的原因；最後，對稅收公平原則在我國企業所得稅法中的實現提出了相應的對策，包括法觀念和立法理念的轉變、定稅不公的立法完善、征稅不公的整合治理和完善稅收監督制度，以期促進我國企業所得稅法稅收公平原則之實現。
  15. In the third chapter, we will study the existence and uniqueness of the classical global solution and generalized global solution to the periodic boundary value problem and the cauchy problem for this kind of equation. in the second chapter, we study the following nonlinear wave equation of higher order : with the initial boundary value conditions or with where a1, a2, a3 > 0 are constants, ( s ), f ( s0, s1, s2 s3, s4 ) are given nonlin - ear functions, u0 ( x ) and, u1 ( x ) are given initial functions. for this purpose, by green ' s function of a boundary value problem for a fourth order ordinary differential equation we first reduce the problem ( 1 ) - ( 3 ) to an equivalent intergral equation, then making use of the contraction mapping principle we prove the existence and uniqueness of the local classical solution for the intergral equation

    本文分三章，第一章為引言；第二章研究一類非線性高階波動方程的初邊值問題的整體古典解的存在性和唯一性，以及古典解的爆破；第三章研究此方程的周期邊界問題和cauchy問題的整體廣義解和整體古典解的存在性和唯一性，具體情況如下：在第二章中，我們研究一類非線性高階波動方程的如下初邊值問題：或或其中a _ 1 ， a _ 2 ， a _ 3 0為常數， （ s ） ， （ s _ 0 ， s _ 1 ， s _ 2 ， s _ 3 ， s _ 4 ， ）為已知的非線性函數， u _ 0 （ x ） ， u _ 1 ， （ x ）為已知的初始函數，為此，我們先用四階常微分方程邊值問題的green函數把上述問題轉化為等價的積分方程，然後利用壓縮映射原理證明此積分方程局部古典解的存在性和唯一性，又用解的延拓法證明上述問題整體古典解的存在性和唯一性，主要結果有：定理1設u _ 0 （ x ） ， u _ 1 （ x ） c ~ 4 [ 0 ， 1 ]且滿足邊界條件（ 2 ） ，若以下條件滿足：其中a ， b月0為常數， w
  16. Finally, the wave equation of the electromagnetic field of this kind damper is derived from the maxwell ' s equation. the magnetic flux density at the boundary is assumed to be harmonic, so the analytical result of the wave equation is solved. when the rotor rotates, eddy currents flowing inside the conducting material field are caused

    最後，應用ahrens的電磁軸承簡化模型，從maxwell方程出發推導了應用於本文所述的被動式電磁阻尼器的波動方程，並用傅立葉級數把矩形磁場展開的諧變磁場作為磁場的邊界條件，通過求解波動方程得到磁場的解析解，從而計算了阻尼器對轉子的電磁力和由渦流引起的切向力產生的阻尼器附加功耗。
  17. The definition of dark hollow beam ( dhb ) and its generation are introduced in this thesis. at the same time, the principle, methods and experimental progress of atomic guiding in hollow optical fibers, blue - detuned evanescent wave and dark hollow beams are reviewed in some detail. finally, the basic definition of the angular momentums of all kinds of the hollow beams and their application are discussed

    本文簡單介紹了中空光束的定義及其產生方法，同時綜述了採用中空光纖中紅失諧高斯模式、中空光纖中藍失諧消逝波和藍失諧暗中空光束實現原子導引的原理、方法和實驗及其最新進展，並對各類中空光束的角動量及其轉換和應用進行了詳細的介紹和討論。
  18. Besides policy factors, five methods of cost - cutting of biodiesel are reviewed, including new raw material with higher oil content, shorter regeneration cycle, which is suitable for infertile soil and different climatic conditions ; heterogeneous catalysts ; new technologies ( e. g. supercritical methanol and ultrasonics ) ; higher added value utilization of by - product glycerin with simple method ( propylene oxide chloride, 1, 3 - propanediol, pyruvic alcohol etc. ) and moderate scale of production

    摘要綜述了除政策因素外，降低生物柴油生產成本的5種方法：選擇含油率高、再生周期短、適應貧瘠土地及不同氣候條件的新型植物原料；研究新型固體催化劑；引入新工藝（超臨界法和超聲波法） ；使用比較簡便的方法將廢棄的甘油轉化為高附加值的產品（環氧氯丙烷、 1 ， 3 -丙二醇、丙酮醇等）以及適度生產規模等。
  19. Later on, after elaborating the disadvantages of the old methods in detecting and recognizing moving objects, a series of corresponding approaches are proposed, such as grid scan, local tracking bug and dynamic window in object tracing to reduce the huge data needed to be processed, maximum and minimum for selecting a proper segmentation threshold and improved conversion from rgb model to hsv and so on to decrease the influence of inhomogeneous lighting and the color noise, a bilinear interpolation in each quadrant to eliminate the bad effect on the recognition precise because of the distortions of the camera. after that, much emphasis is given on application study in pattern recognition with a feed - forward neural network. both the basic bp algorithm and improved bp algorithm in the study process are described in detail, and the later is used to quicken convergence speed and improve validity of the network

    然後，分析和闡明了傳統的運動目標檢測方法的不足，並在此基礎上結合研究中的實際實驗環境，提出了一系列解決方法，包括針對降低龐大數據量而提出的網格掃描、局部「跟蟲」追蹤和動態窗口掃描等目標檢測方法，針對實驗環境中光照不均和顏色干擾提出基於人機交互的最大最小值閾值選取方法和引入改進的rgb模型到hsv模型的轉換方法，為消除圖像畸變對識別精度的惡劣影響而採用的通過控制點進行雙線性插值進行畸變校正的方法；緊接著，概述了神經網路的發展歷史和幾種常用神經網路模型的特點，重點研究了前饋型神經網路在模式識別中的應用問題，詳細闡述了基本的bp演算法和學習過程中bp演算法的改進，從而使網路收斂速度更快，解決問題更有效，並在此基礎上，設計了一個基於bp神經網路的運動目標識別系統，給出了實驗結果。
  20. So it is necessary to analyze theoretically the problems of farmland conversion in the rural - urban area so as to offer the theoretic basis for the adjustment and control of farmland conversion in the rural - urban, and ensure the assignment of farmland. this paper examines the farmland conversion problems of the chinese urban - rural areas. at first this paper illustrates the background of farmland conversion problems in the rural - urban area, then quotes some examples of foreign farmland conversion control that our country could draw lessons from

    本文首先對城鄉結合部農地流轉問題產生的背景進行分析，而後引用國外農地流轉管制資料，分析其可為我國借鑒的經驗，再對農地流轉問題進行理論研究，分析城鄉結合部農地流轉的機制和它的微觀經濟基礎，以及城鄉結合部農地流轉動態性的特點，並對農地流轉的外部性問題作了闡述和分析，提出解決方案，還提出城鄉結合部農地流轉的目標取向。
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